本文主要是介绍数据结构 哈希表 五大排序算法 二分查找(折半查找),希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
1、哈希表
1.1创建哈希表
哈希表:
将数据通过哈希算法映射称为一个键值
存时在键值对应的位置存储
取时通过键值对应的位置查找
哈希冲突(哈希碰撞):多个数据通过哈希算法映射成同一个键值
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "list.h"#define INDEX 10struct list_head hashtable[INDEX];typedef struct Data
{struct list_head node;int data;
}Data_t;//按照顺序插入
int compare(struct list_head *pNewNode, struct list_head *pTmpNode)
{if (NULL == pTmpNode){return 1;}return list_entry(pNewNode, Data_t, node)->data - list_entry(pTmpNode, Data_t, node)->data;
}//插入哈希表
int InsertHashTable(int Num)
{int index = 0;Data_t *pNewNode = NULL;//申请节点 pNewNode = malloc(sizeof(Data_t));if (NULL == pNewNode){return -1;}pNewNode->data = Num;//获得插入数据的键值index = Num % INDEX;//插入数据list_add_order(&pNewNode->node, &hashtable[index], compare);return 0;
}//打印哈希表
int ShowHashTable(void)
{int index = 0;Data_t *pData = NULL;for (index = 0; index < INDEX; index++){printf("%d:", index);list_for_each_entry(pData, &hashtable[index], node){printf("%d ", pData->data);}printf("\n");}return 0;
}//初始化所有节点
int InitHashTable(void)
{int i = 0;for (i = 0; i < INDEX; i++){INIT_LIST_HEAD(&hashtable[i]);}return 0;
}//查找数据
int FindHashTable(int Num)
{int index = 0;Data_t *pData = NULL;int ret = 0;index = Num % INDEX;list_for_each_entry(pData, &hashtable[index], node){if (pData->data == Num){ret = 1;break;}if (pData->data > Num){ret = 0;break;}}return ret;
}//销毁Hash表
int DestroyHashTable()
{int i = 0;Data_t *pTmpNode = NULL;Data_t *pNextNode = NULL;for (i = 0; i < INDEX; i++){list_for_each_entry_safe(pTmpNode, pNextNode, &hashtable[i], node){free(pTmpNode);}}return 0;
}int main(void)
{ int i = 0;int tmp = 0;srand(time(NULL));InitHashTable();for (i = 0; i < 30; i++){InsertHashTable(rand() % 100);}ShowHashTable();printf("请输入要查找的数据:\n");scanf("%d", &tmp);if (FindHashTable(tmp)){printf("%d 存在!\n", tmp);}else{printf("%d 不存在!\n", tmp);}DestroyHashTable();return 0;
}
2、五大排序
1、1冒泡排序(时间复杂度O(N^2))
int BubbleSort(int *pArray, int MaxLen)
{int j = 0;int i = 0;int temp = 0;for (j = 0; j < MaxLen-1; j++){for (i = 0; i < MaxLen-1-j; i++){if (pArray[i] > pArray[i+1]){temp = pArray[i];pArray[i] = pArray[i+1];pArray[i+1] = temp;}}}return 0;
}
1、2选择排序(时间复杂度O(N^2))
int SelectSort(int *pArray, int MaxLen)
{ int Min = 0;int Temp = 0;int i = 0;int j = 0;for (j = 0; j < MaxLen-1; j++){Min = j;for (i = j+1; i < MaxLen; i++){if (pArray[i] < pArray[Min]){Min = i;}}if (Min != j){Temp = pArray[j];pArray[j] = pArray[Min];pArray[Min] = Temp;}}return 0;
}
1、3插入排序(时间复杂度O(N^2))
int InsertSort(int *pArray, int MaxLen)
{int i = 0;int j = 0;int Temp = 0;for (j = 1; j < MaxLen; j++){Temp = pArray[j];for (i = j; i > 0 && Temp < pArray[i-1]; i--){pArray[i] = pArray[i-1];}pArray[i] = Temp;}return 0;
}
1、4希尔排序(时间复杂度O(nlogn))
int ShellSort(int *pArray, int MaxLen)
{int step = 0;int i = 0;int j = 0;int temp = 0;for (step = MaxLen / 2; step > 0; step /= 2){for (j = step; j < MaxLen; j++){temp = pArray[j];for (i = j; i >= step && temp < pArray[i-step]; i -= step){pArray[i] = pArray[i-step];}pArray[i] = temp;}}return 0;
}
1、5快速排序(时间复杂度(O(n))
int QuickSort(int *pArray, int Low, int High)
{int Key = 0;int j = High;int i = Low;Key = pArray[Low];while (i < j){while (i < j && pArray[j] >= Key){j--;}pArray[i] = pArray[j];while (i < j && pArray[i] <= Key){i++;}pArray[j] = pArray[i];}pArray[i] = Key;if (i-1 > Low){QuickSort(pArray, Low, i-1);}if (i+1 < High){QuickSort(pArray, i+1, High);}return 0;
}
3、二分查找(需要在以经排好序的情况下使用)
int MidSearch(int *pArray, int Low, int High, int tmpdata)
{int Mid = 0;if (Low > High){return -1;}Mid = (Low + High) / 2;if (tmpdata < pArray[Mid]){return MidSearch(pArray, Low, Mid-1, tmpdata);}else if (tmpdata > pArray[Mid]){return MidSearch(pArray, Mid+1, High, tmpdata);}else if (tmpdata == pArray[Mid]){return Mid;}
}
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