本文主要是介绍HarmonyOS应用五之轻量化数据存储持久化,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
目录:
- 1、数据存储场景持久化方式
- 2、数据存储
- 3、数据读取
- 4、删除数据
- 5、应用内字体大小调节
1、数据存储场景持久化方式
- 用户首选项(Preferences):为应用提供Key-Value键值型的数据处理能力,通常用于保存应用的配置信息。数据通过文本的形式保存在设备中,应用使用过程中会将文本中的数据全量加载到内存中,所以访问速度快、效率高,但不适合需要存储大量数据的场景。
- 关系型数据库(RelationalStore):一种关系型数据库,以行和列的形式存储数据,广泛用于应用中的关系型数据的处理,包括一系列的增、删、改、查等接口,开发者也可以运行自己定义的SQL语句来满足复杂业务场景的需要。
- 键值型数据库(KV-Store):一种非关系型数据库,其数据以“键值”对的形式进行组织、索引和存储,其中“键”作为唯一标识符。适合很少数据关系和业务关系的业务数据存储,同时因其在分布式场景中降低了解决数据库版本兼容问题的复杂度,和数据同步过程中冲突解决的复杂度而被广泛使用。相比于关系型数据库,更容易做到跨设备跨版本兼容。
详细介绍以及使用流程
2、数据存储
/** Copyright (c) 2022 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.* You may obtain a copy of the License at** http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and* limitations under the License.*/import { promptAction } from '@kit.ArkUI';
import { preferences } from '@kit.ArkData';
import Logger from '../common/utils/Logger';
import CommonConstants from '../common/constants/CommonConstants';
import Fruit from '../viewmodel/Fruit';let context = getContext(this);
let preference: preferences.Preferences;
let preferenceTemp: preferences.Preferences;/*** Preference model.** @param fruitData Fruit data.*/
class PreferenceModel {private fruitData: Fruit = new Fruit();/*** Read the specified Preferences persistence file and load the data into the Preferences instance.*/async getPreferencesFromStorage() {try {preference = await preferences.getPreferences(context, CommonConstants.PREFERENCES_NAME);} catch (err) {Logger.error(CommonConstants.TAG, `Failed to get preferences, Cause: ${err}`);}}/*** Deletes the specified Preferences persistence file from memory and removes the Preferences instance.*/async deletePreferences() {try {await preferences.deletePreferences(context, CommonConstants.PREFERENCES_NAME);} catch(err) {Logger.error(CommonConstants.TAG, `Failed to delete preferences, Cause: ${err}`);};preference = preferenceTemp;this.showToastMessage($r('app.string.delete_success_msg'));}/*** Save the data to the Preferences.** @param fruit Fruit data.*/async putPreference(fruit: Fruit) {if (!preference) {await this.getPreferencesFromStorage();}// The fruit name and fruit quantity data entered by the user are saved to the cached Preference instance.try {await preference.put(CommonConstants.KEY_NAME, JSON.stringify(fruit));} catch (err) {Logger.error(CommonConstants.TAG, `Failed to put value, Cause: ${err}`);}// Store the Preference instance in the preference persistence fileawait preference.flush();}/*** Get preference data.*/async getPreference() {let fruit = '';if (!preference) {await this.getPreferencesFromStorage();}try {// fruit = <string> await preference.get(CommonConstants.KEY_NAME, '');fruit = (await preference.get(CommonConstants.KEY_NAME, '')).toString();} catch (err) {Logger.error(CommonConstants.TAG, `Failed to get value, Cause: ${err}`);}// If the data is empty, a message is displayed indicating that data needs to be written.if (fruit === '') {this.showToastMessage($r('app.string.data_is_null_msg'));return;}this.showToastMessage($r('app.string.read_success_msg'));return JSON.parse(fruit);}/*** Process the data obtained from the database.*/async getFruitData() {this.fruitData = await this.getPreference();return this.fruitData;}/*** Verifies that the data entered is not empty.** @param fruit Fruit data.*/checkFruitData(fruit: Fruit) {if (fruit.fruitName === '' || fruit.fruitNum === '') {this.showToastMessage($r('app.string.fruit_input_null_msg'));return true;}return false;}/*** write data.** @param fruit Fruit data.*/writeData(fruit: Fruit) {// Check whether the data is null.let isDataNull = this.checkFruitData(fruit);if (isDataNull) {return;}// The data is inserted into the preferences database if it is not empty.this.putPreference(fruit);this.showToastMessage($r('app.string.write_success_msg'));}/*** Popup window prompt message.** @param message Prompt message.*/showToastMessage(message: Resource) {promptAction.showToast({message: message,duration: CommonConstants.DURATION});};
}export default new PreferenceModel();
数据存储调用代码:
await preference.put(CommonConstants.KEY_NAME, JSON.stringify(fruit));
3、数据读取
new ButtonItemData($r('app.string.read_data_btn_text'),() => {// Get data from the preferences database.PreferenceModel.getFruitData().then((resultData: Fruit) => {if (resultData) {this.fruit = resultData;}});}),
async getFruitData() {this.fruitData = await this.getPreference();return this.fruitData;}
async getPreference() {let fruit = '';if (!preference) {await this.getPreferencesFromStorage();}try {// fruit = <string> await preference.get(CommonConstants.KEY_NAME, '');fruit = (await preference.get(CommonConstants.KEY_NAME, '')).toString();} catch (err) {Logger.error(CommonConstants.TAG, `Failed to get value, Cause: ${err}`);}// If the data is empty, a message is displayed indicating that data needs to be written.if (fruit === '') {this.showToastMessage($r('app.string.data_is_null_msg'));return;}this.showToastMessage($r('app.string.read_success_msg'));return JSON.parse(fruit);}
根据debug流程发现请求如下:
PreferenceModel.getFruitData()-》await this.getPreference()(异步)-》await preference.get(CommonConstants.KEY_NAME, ‘’)).toString()(异步)-》然后原路返回PreferenceModel.getFruitData()走完-》this.showToastMessage(判断里面)-》getFruitData()
再执行完await preference.get(CommonConstants.KEY_NAME, ‘’)).toString()(异步)返回时走了then里面已经成功拿到数据了。
4、删除数据
new ButtonItemData($r('app.string.delete_data_file_btn_text'),() => {// Delete database files.PreferenceModel.deletePreferences();// After a database file is deleted, the corresponding data is left blank.this.fruit.fruitName = '';this.fruit.fruitNum = ''})
async deletePreferences() {try {await preferences.deletePreferences(context, CommonConstants.PREFERENCES_NAME);} catch(err) {Logger.error(CommonConstants.TAG, `Failed to delete preferences, Cause: ${err}`);};preference = preferenceTemp;this.showToastMessage($r('app.string.delete_success_msg'));}
await preferences.deletePreferences(context, CommonConstants.PREFERENCES_NAME);是根据实例名称删除指定的实例。
参考链接
5、应用内字体大小调节
Slider({value: this.changeFontSize === CommonConstants.SET_SIZE_HUGE? CommonConstants.SET_SLIDER_MAX : this.changeFontSize,min: CommonConstants.SET_SLIDER_MIN,max: CommonConstants.SET_SLIDER_MAX,step: CommonConstants.SET_SLIDER_STEP,style: SliderStyle.InSet}).showSteps(true).width(StyleConstants.SLIDER_WIDTH_PERCENT).onChange(async (value: number) => {if (this.changeFontSize === 0) {this.changeFontSize = await PreferencesUtil.getChangeFontSize();this.fontSizeText = SetViewModel.getTextByFontSize(value);return;}this.changeFontSize = (value === CommonConstants.SET_SLIDER_MAX ? CommonConstants.SET_SIZE_HUGE : value);this.fontSizeText = SetViewModel.getTextByFontSize(this.changeFontSize);PreferencesUtil.saveChangeFontSize(this.changeFontSize);})
滑动后触发onchange方法,value值监听到值大小,然后在首选项中保存更新字体大小值;保存后走Slider函数中替换新值并页面同步改变了字体大小。
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