本文主要是介绍FLAN-T5模型的文本摘要任务，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
Text Summarization with FLAN-T5 — ROCm Blogs (amd.com)
在这篇博客中，我们展示了如何使用HuggingFace在AMD GPU + ROCm系统上对语言模型FLAN-T5进行微调，以执行文本摘要任务。
介绍
FLAN-T5是谷歌发布的一个开源大型语言模型，相较于之前的T5模型有所增强。它是一个已经在指令数据集上进行预训练的编码器-解码器模型，这意味着该模型具备执行诸如摘要、分类和翻译等特定任务的能力。有关FLAN-T5的更多详情，请参考[原始论文](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.11416.pdf)。要查看模型相对于之前的T5模型的完整改进细节，请参考[这个模型卡片](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/t5v1.1)。
先决条件
• [ROCm](ROCm quick start installation guide for Linux — ROCm installation (Linux))
• [PyTorch](Installing PyTorch for ROCm — ROCm installation (Linux))
• [Linux 操作系统](System requirements (Linux) — ROCm installation (Linux))
• [一块AMD GPU](System requirements (Linux) — ROCm installation (Linux))
确保系统能识别出你的GPU：
! rocm-smi --showproductname================= ROCm System Management Interface ================
========================= Product Info ============================
GPU[0] : Card series: Instinct MI210
GPU[0] : Card model: 0x0c34
GPU[0] : Card vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
GPU[0] : Card SKU: D67301
===================================================================
===================== End of ROCm SMI Log =========================我们来检查是否安装了正确版本的ROCm。
!apt show rocm-libs -aPackage: rocm-libs
Version: 5.7.0.50700-63~22.04
Priority: optional
Section: devel
Maintainer: ROCm Libs Support <rocm-libs.support@amd.com>
Installed-Size: 13.3 kBA
Depends: hipblas (= 1.1.0.50700-63~22.04), hipblaslt (= 0.3.0.50700-63~22.04), hipfft (= 1.0.12.50700-63~22.04), hipsolver (= 1.8.1.50700-63~22.04), hipsparse (= 2.3.8.50700-63~22.04), miopen-hip (= 2.20.0.50700-63~22.04), rccl (= 2.17.1.50700-63~22.04), rocalution (= 2.1.11.50700-63~22.04), rocblas (= 3.1.0.50700-63~22.04), rocfft (= 1.0.23.50700-63~22.04), rocrand (= 2.10.17.50700-63~22.04), rocsolver (= 3.23.0.50700-63~22.04), rocsparse (= 2.5.4.50700-63~22.04), rocm-core (= 5.7.0.50700-63~22.04), hipblas-dev (= 1.1.0.50700-63~22.04), hipblaslt-dev (= 0.3.0.50700-63~22.04), hipcub-dev (= 2.13.1.50700-63~22.04), hipfft-dev (= 1.0.12.50700-63~22.04), hipsolver-dev (= 1.8.1.50700-63~22.04), hipsparse-dev (= 2.3.8.50700-63~22.04), miopen-hip-dev (= 2.20.0.50700-63~22.04), rccl-dev (= 2.17.1.50700-63~22.04), rocalution-dev (= 2.1.11.50700-63~22.04), rocblas-dev (= 3.1.0.50700-63~22.04), rocfft-dev (= 1.0.23.50700-63~22.04), rocprim-dev (= 2.13.1.50700-63~22.04), rocrand-dev (= 2.10.17.50700-63~22.04), rocsolver-dev (= 3.23.0.50700-63~22.04), rocsparse-dev (= 2.5.4.50700-63~22.04), rocthrust-dev (= 2.18.0.50700-63~22.04), rocwmma-dev (= 1.2.0.50700-63~22.04)
Homepage: https://github.com/RadeonOpenCompute/ROCm
Download-Size: 1012 B
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: http://repo.radeon.com/rocm/apt/5.7 jammy/main amd64 Packages
Description: Radeon Open Compute (ROCm) Runtime software stack确保PyTorch也识别出了GPU：
import torch
print(f"number of GPUs: {torch.cuda.device_count()}")
print([torch.cuda.get_device_name(i) for i in range(torch.cuda.device_count())])number of GPUs: 1
['AMD Radeon Graphics']
库
在你开始之前，确保你已经安装了所有必需的库：
!pip install -q transformers accelerate einops datasets
!pip install --upgrade SQLAlchemy==1.4.46
!pip install -q alembic==1.4.1 numpy==1.23.4 grpcio-status==1.33.2 protobuf==3.19.6 WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv
警告：以'root'用户身份运行pip可能会导致权限损坏和与系统包管理器的行为冲突。建议使用虚拟环境： https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv接下来导入将在本博客中使用的模块：
import time
import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM, AutoTokenizer,Seq2SeqTrainingArguments, Seq2SeqTrainer, DataCollatorForSeq2Seq
加载模型
我们来加载模型及其分词器。FLAN-T5有多个不同大小的变体，从`small`到`xxl`。我们首先会使用`xxl`变体运行一些推论，并展示如何使用`small`变体在文本摘要任务上对Flan-T5进行微调。
start_time = time.time()
model_checkpoint = "google/flan-t5-xxl"
model = AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM.from_pretrained(model_checkpoint)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_checkpoint)
print(f"Loaded in {time.time() - start_time: .2f} seconds")
print(model)Loading checkpoint shards: 100%|██████████| 5/5 [01:23<00:00, 16.69s/it]
Loaded in 85.46 seconds
T5ForConditionalGeneration((shared): Embedding(32128, 4096)(encoder): T5Stack((embed_tokens): Embedding(32128, 4096)(block): ModuleList((0): T5Block((layer): ModuleList((0): T5LayerSelfAttention((SelfAttention): T5Attention((q): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(k): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(v): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(o): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(relative_attention_bias): Embedding(32, 64))(layer_norm): FusedRMSNorm(torch.Size([4096]), eps=1e-06, elementwise_affine=True)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False))(1): T5LayerFF((DenseReluDense): T5DenseGatedActDense((wi_0): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=10240, bias=False)(wi_1): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=10240, bias=False)(wo): Linear(in_features=10240, out_features=4096, bias=False)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False)(act): NewGELUActivation())(layer_norm): FusedRMSNorm(torch.Size([4096]), eps=1e-06, elementwise_affine=True)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False))))(1-23): 23 x T5Block((layer): ModuleList((0): T5LayerSelfAttention((SelfAttention): T5Attention((q): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(k): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(v): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(o): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False))(layer_norm): FusedRMSNorm(torch.Size([4096]), eps=1e-06, elementwise_affine=True)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False))(1): T5LayerFF((DenseReluDense): T5DenseGatedActDense((wi_0): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=10240, bias=False)(wi_1): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=10240, bias=False)(wo): Linear(in_features=10240, out_features=4096, bias=False)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False)(act): NewGELUActivation())(layer_norm): FusedRMSNorm(torch.Size([4096]), eps=1e-06, elementwise_affine=True)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False)))))(final_layer_norm): FusedRMSNorm(torch.Size([4096]), eps=1e-06, elementwise_affine=True)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False))(decoder): T5Stack((embed_tokens): Embedding(32128, 4096)(block): ModuleList((0): T5Block((layer): ModuleList((0): T5LayerSelfAttention((SelfAttention): T5Attention((q): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(k): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(v): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(o): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(relative_attention_bias): Embedding(32, 64))(layer_norm): FusedRMSNorm(torch.Size([4096]), eps=1e-06, elementwise_affine=True)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False))(1): T5LayerCrossAttention((EncDecAttention): T5Attention((q): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(k): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(v): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(o): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False))(layer_norm): FusedRMSNorm(torch.Size([4096]), eps=1e-06, elementwise_affine=True)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False))(2): T5LayerFF((DenseReluDense): T5DenseGatedActDense((wi_0): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=10240, bias=False)(wi_1): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=10240, bias=False)(wo): Linear(in_features=10240, out_features=4096, bias=False)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False)(act): NewGELUActivation())(layer_norm): FusedRMSNorm(torch.Size([4096]), eps=1e-06, elementwise_affine=True)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False))))(1-23): 23 x T5Block((layer): ModuleList((0): T5LayerSelfAttention((SelfAttention): T5Attention((q): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(k): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(v): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(o): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False))(layer_norm): FusedRMSNorm(torch.Size([4096]), eps=1e-06, elementwise_affine=True)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False))(1): T5LayerCrossAttention((EncDecAttention): T5Attention((q): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(k): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(v): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False)(o): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=False))(layer_norm): FusedRMSNorm(torch.Size([4096]), eps=1e-06, elementwise_affine=True)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False))(2): T5LayerFF((DenseReluDense): T5DenseGatedActDense((wi_0): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=10240, bias=False)(wi_1): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=10240, bias=False)(wo): Linear(in_features=10240, out_features=4096, bias=False)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False)(act): NewGELUActivation())(layer_norm): FusedRMSNorm(torch.Size([4096]), eps=1e-06, elementwise_affine=True)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False)))))(final_layer_norm): FusedRMSNorm(torch.Size([4096]), eps=1e-06, elementwise_affine=True)(dropout): Dropout(p=0.1, inplace=False))(lm_head): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=32128, bias=False)
)执行推理
值得注意的是，我们可以直接在没有进行微调的情况下使用FLAN-T5模型。可以先看一些简单的推理。
例如，我们可以让模型回答一个简单的问题：
inputs = tokenizer("How to make milk coffee", return_tensors="pt")
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=100)
print(tokenizer.batch_decode(outputs, skip_special_tokens=True))['Pour a cup of coffee into a mug. Add a tablespoon of milk. Add a pinch of sugar.']或者我们可以要求它总结一段文字：
text = """ summarize:
Amy: Hey Mark, have you heard about the new movie coming out this weekend?
Mark: Oh, no, I haven't. What's it called?
Amy: It's called "Stellar Odyssey." It's a sci-fi thriller with amazing special effects.
Mark: Sounds interesting. Who's in it?
Amy: The main lead is Emily Stone, and she's fantastic in the trailer. The plot revolves around a journey to a distant galaxy.
Mark: Nice! I'm definitely up for a good sci-fi flick. Want to catch it together on Saturday?
Amy: Sure, that sounds great! Let's meet at the theater around 7 pm.
"""
inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt").input_ids
outputs = model.generate(inputs, max_new_tokens=100, do_sample=False)
tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)'Amy and Mark are going to see "Stellar Odyssey" on Saturday at 7 pm.'
微调
在本节中，我们将对模型进行微调以进行总结任务。我们将使用来自这个教程的代码作为我们的指导。正如提到的，我们将使用模型的`small`变体来进行微调：
start_time = time.time()
model_checkpoint = "google/flan-t5-small"
model = AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM.from_pretrained(model_checkpoint)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_checkpoint)
print(f"Loaded in {time.time() - start_time: .2f} seconds")加载数据集
我们的示例数据集是samsum数据集，包含约16K条类似Messenger的对话和总结。
from datasets import load_dataset
from evaluate import loadraw_datasets = load_dataset("samsum")以下是我们数据集的一个样例：
print('Dialogue: ')
print(raw_datasets['train']['dialogue'][100])
print()
print('Summary: ', raw_datasets['train']['summary'][100])Dialogue:
Gabby: How is you? Settling into the new house OK?
Sandra: Good. The kids and the rest of the menagerie are doing fine. The dogs absolutely love the new garden. Plenty of room to dig and run around.
Gabby: What about the hubby?
Sandra: Well, apart from being his usual grumpy self I guess he's doing OK.
Gabby: :-D yeah sounds about right for Jim.
Sandra: He's a man of few words. No surprises there. Give him a backyard shed and that's the last you'll see of him for months.
Gabby: LOL that describes most men I know.
Sandra: Ain't that the truth!
Gabby: Sure is. :-) My one might as well move into the garage. Always tinkering and building something in there.
Sandra: Ever wondered what he's doing in there?
Gabby: All the time. But he keeps the place locked.
Sandra: Prolly building a portable teleporter or something. ;-)
Gabby: Or a time machine... LOL
Sandra: Or a new greatly improved Rabbit :-P
Gabby: I wish... Lmfao!Summary: Sandra is setting into the new house; her family is happy with it. Then Sandra and Gabby discuss the nature of their men and laugh about their habit of spending time in the garage or a shed.设置度量标准
接下来，我们将加载此任务的度量标准。通常，在总结任务中，我们使用ROUGE（回想导向的内容获取评估的助理）度量标准，这些标准量化原始文件与总结之间的相似度。更具体地说，这些度量标准测量系统总结和参考总结之间n-gram（n个连续词的序列）的重叠。有关此度量标准的更多细节，请参阅链接。
from evaluate import load
metric = load("rouge")
print(metric)EvaluationModule(name: "rouge", module_type: "metric", features: [{'predictions': Value(dtype='string', id='sequence'), 'references': Sequence(feature=Value(dtype='string', id='sequence'), length=-1, id=None)}, {'predictions': Value(dtype='string', id='sequence'), 'references': Value(dtype='string', id='sequence')}], usage: """
Calculates average rouge scores for a list of hypotheses and references
Args:predictions: list of predictions to score. Each predictionshould be a string with tokens separated by spaces.references: list of reference for each prediction. Eachreference should be a string with tokens separated by spaces.rouge_types: A list of rouge types to calculate.Valid names:`"rouge{n}"` (e.g. `"rouge1"`, `"rouge2"`) where: {n} is the n-gram based scoring,`"rougeL"`: Longest common subsequence based scoring.`"rougeLsum"`: rougeLsum splits text using `"
"`.See details in https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/issues/617use_stemmer: Bool indicating whether Porter stemmer should be used to strip word suffixes.use_aggregator: Return aggregates if this is set to True
Returns:rouge1: rouge_1 (f1),rouge2: rouge_2 (f1),rougeL: rouge_l (f1),rougeLsum: rouge_lsum (f1)
Examples:>>> rouge = evaluate.load('rouge')>>> predictions = ["hello there", "general kenobi"]>>> references = ["hello there", "general kenobi"]>>> results = rouge.compute(predictions=predictions, references=references)>>> print(results){'rouge1': 1.0, 'rouge2': 1.0, 'rougeL': 1.0, 'rougeLsum': 1.0}
""", stored examples: 0)我们需要创建一个函数来计算ROUGE度量标准：
import nltk
nltk.download('punkt')
import numpy as npdef compute_metrics(eval_pred):predictions, labels = eval_preddecoded_preds = tokenizer.batch_decode(predictions, skip_special_tokens=True)# We need to replace -100 in the labels since we can't decode it labels = np.where(labels != -100, labels, tokenizer.pad_token_id)decoded_labels = tokenizer.batch_decode(labels, skip_special_tokens=True)# Add new line after each sentence for rogue metricsdecoded_preds = ["\n".join(nltk.sent_tokenize(pred.strip())) for pred in decoded_preds]decoded_labels = ["\n".join(nltk.sent_tokenize(label.strip())) for label in decoded_labels]# compute metrics result = metric.compute(predictions=decoded_preds, references=decoded_labels, use_stemmer=True, use_aggregator=True)# Extract a few resultsresult = {key: value * 100 for key, value in result.items()}# compute the average length of the generated textprediction_lens = [np.count_nonzero(pred != tokenizer.pad_token_id) for pred in predictions]result["gen_len"] = np.mean(prediction_lens)return {k: round(v, 4) for k, v in result.items()}处理数据
让我们创建一个函数来处理数据，这包括对每个样本文档的输入和输出进行标记化。我们还设置了长度阈值来截断输入和输出。
prefix = "summarize: "max_input_length = 1024
max_target_length = 128def preprocess_function(examples):inputs = [prefix + doc for doc in examples["dialogue"]]model_inputs = tokenizer(inputs, max_length=max_input_length, truncation=True)# Setup the tokenizer for targetslabels = tokenizer(text_target=examples["dialogue"], max_length=max_target_length, truncation=True)model_inputs["labels"] = labels["input_ids"]return model_inputstokenized_datasets = raw_datasets.map(preprocess_function, batched=True)训练模型
要训练我们的模型，我们需要几样东西：
1. 数据收集器，在收集期间根据批次中最长的长度动态填充句子，而不是将整个数据集填充到最大长度。
2. 一个`TrainingArguments`类，用于自定义模型的训练方式。
3. Trainer类，这是一个用于在PyTorch中训练的API。
首先我们创建数据收集器：
data_collator = DataCollatorForSeq2Seq(tokenizer, model=model)接下来，让我们设置我们的`TrainingArgument`类：
batch_size = 16
model_name = model_checkpoint.split("/")[-1]
args = Seq2SeqTrainingArguments(f"{model_name}-finetuned-samsum",evaluation_strategy = "epoch",learning_rate=2e-5,per_device_train_batch_size=batch_size,per_device_eval_batch_size=batch_size,weight_decay=0.01,save_total_limit=3,num_train_epochs=2,predict_with_generate=True,fp16=False,push_to_hub=False,
)注：我们发现，由于模型是在Google TPU上预训练的，而不是在GPU上，我们需要设置`fp16=False`或`bf16=True`。否则我们会遇到溢出问题，从而导致我们的损失值出现NaN值。这可能是由于半精度浮点格式`fp16`和`bf16`之间的差异。
最后我们需要设置一个训练器API
trainer = Seq2SeqTrainer(model,args,train_dataset=tokenized_datasets["train"],eval_dataset=tokenized_datasets["validation"],data_collator=data_collator,tokenizer=tokenizer,compute_metrics=compute_metrics
)有了这些，我们就可以训练我们的模型了！
trainer.train() [1842/1842 05:37, Epoch 2/2]
Epoch Training Loss Validation Loss Rouge1 Rouge2 Rougel Rougelsum Gen Len
1 1.865700 1.693366 43.551000 20.046200 36.170400 40.096200 16.926700
2 1.816700 1.685862 43.506000 19.934800 36.278300 40.156700 16.837400运行上述训练器应该会生成一个本地文件夹`flan-t5-small-finetuned-samsum`来存储我们的模型检查点。
推理
一旦我们有了微调模型，我们就可以使用它进行推理！让我们先重新加载来自我们本地检查点的分词器和经过微调的模型。
model = AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM.from_pretrained("flan-t5-small-finetuned-samsum/checkpoint-1500")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("flan-t5-small-finetuned-samsum/checkpoint-1500")接下来，我们用一些文本来总结。重要的是要像下面这样加上前缀：
text = """ summarize:
Hannah: Hey, Mark, have you decided on your New Year's resolution yet?
Mark: Yeah, I'm thinking of finally hitting the gym regularly. What about you?
Hannah: I'm planning to read more books this year, at least one per month.
Mark: That sounds like a great goal. Any particular genre you're interested in?
Hannah: I want to explore more classic literature. Maybe start with some Dickens or Austen.
Mark: Nice choice. I'll hold you to it. We can discuss our progress over coffee.
Hannah: Deal! Accountability partners it is.
"""最后，我们编码输入并生成摘要
inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt").input_ids
outputs = model.generate(inputs, max_new_tokens=100, do_sample=False)
tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)'Hannah is planning to read more books this year. Mark will hold Hannah to it.'这篇关于FLAN-T5模型的文本摘要任务的文章就介绍到这儿，希望我们推荐的文章对编程师们有所帮助！
