【超详细前后端项目搭建】前端vue3+ts项目（引入ElementPlus、Axios）、后端springboot搭建（创建接口操作mysql数据库）实现前后端联调

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前言

本项目为简易的全栈项目，其中前端项目使用到了vue3、ts、Element Plus、axios等技术栈；后端项目使用到了springboot、jdbc、mysql、maven等技术

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一、前端项目

1、使用vue脚手架创建项目

1.1检查vue版本

输入命令vue -V(V要大写)，版本需要在4.5.1之后

1.2 使用vue脚手架创建项目

1、使用命令vue create vue3-element-demo 创建Vue项目。
2、通过上下键选择，选择 Manually select features，按回车，手动进行配置。

3、通过上下键选择，通过空格键选中(使用Babel，TypeScript，Router、Vuex、CSS Pre-processors、Linter / Formatter)，按回车

4、选择vue3按回车

5、是否使用 Class 风格装饰器，此处输入【y】，然后回车确认；

6、Babel 和 TS 是否一起使用，用于现代模式、自动检测的 polyfills 和转译 JSX，此处输入【y】，然后回车确认；

7、是否使用history路由模式，此处输入【n】，即使用默认的 hash 模式，然后回车确认；

8、选择 CSS 预处理器，按上下方向键来选择，笔者习惯了 Less，然后回车确认；

9、选择第一个ESLint with error prevention only（仅具有错误预防功能的ESLint）


10、Babel、ESLint 等插件的配置是单独的文件进行配置，还是都在 package.json 文件里面？此处输选择 package.json 咯，并不想太多零散的配置文件，然后回车确认；

11、是否保存当前创建 Vue3 项目的特性配置，下次再创建 Vue 项目的时候，可以选择该特性，然后回车确认即可创建完成。这个可以不用保存，输入【n】，然后回车确认；
12、项目创建中；

项目创建成功：


运行项目

2、删除项目多余文件，修改配置项目

2.1、删除以下文件

2.1、在views下创建index文件

<template><div>我的首页</div>
</template><script lang="ts">export default {name: 'Index'}
</script><style scoped></style>

2.2、修改router/index.ts路由文件：

编译时会有报错：
vue eslint报错：Component name “index“ should always be multi-word.eslintvue/multi-word-component-names

原因：除了根组件（App.vue）外，自定义组件名称应该由多单词组成，防止和html标签冲突。
解决方法，关闭eslint校验，重新编译就正常了
lintOnSave: false

2.3、修改App.vue文件：

<template><div id="app"><router-view/></div>
</template><style lang="less">
html,
body,
#app {width: 100%;height: 100%;
}
</style>

运行效果：

2.4、初始化页面样式以及清除浮动

新建css/resset.css文件，并在index.html文件中引入，初始化样式

/*** Eric Meyer's Reset CSS v2.0 (http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/)* http://cssreset.com*/html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code,del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var,b, u, i, center,dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,fieldset, form, label, legend,table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,article, aside, canvas, details, embed, figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary,time, mark, audio, video{margin: 0;padding: 0;border: 0;font-size: 100%;font: inherit;font-weight: normal;vertical-align: baseline;}/* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section{display: block;}ol, ul, li{list-style: none;}blockquote, q{quotes: none;}blockquote:before, blockquote:after,q:before, q:after{content: '';content: none;}table{border-collapse: collapse;border-spacing: 0;}/* custom */a{color: #7e8c8d;text-decoration: none;-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;}::-webkit-scrollbar{width: 5px;height: 5px;}::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece{background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);-webkit-border-radius: 6px;}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:vertical{height: 5px;background-color: rgba(125, 125, 125, 0.7);-webkit-border-radius: 6px;}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:horizontal{width: 5px;background-color: rgba(125, 125, 125, 0.7);-webkit-border-radius: 6px;}html, body{width: 100%;font-family: "Arial", "Microsoft YaHei", "黑体", "宋体", "微软雅黑", sans-serif;}body{line-height: 1;-webkit-text-size-adjust: none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);}html{overflow-y: scroll;}/*清除浮动*/.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after{content: " ";display: inline-block;height: 0;clear: both;visibility: hidden;}.clearfix{*zoom: 1;}/*隐藏*/.dn{display: none;}

index.html中引用：

3、引入ElementPlus 组件库

3.1、导入依赖包

npm i element-plus -D

第一种：全局挂载ElementPlus，在main.js中添加

第一种：按需导入组件

vue.config.js中引入（按需导入方式），添加如下配置

const { defineConfig } = require('@vue/cli-service');
const AutoImport = require('unplugin-auto-import/webpack');
const Components = require('unplugin-vue-components/webpack');
const { ElementPlusResolver } = require('unplugin-vue-components/resolvers');
module.exports = defineConfig({transpileDependencies: true,//关闭eslint校验lintOnSave: false,configureWebpack: {plugins: [AutoImport({resolvers: [ElementPlusResolver()],}),Components({resolvers: [ElementPlusResolver()],}),],}
})

在页面中使用ElementPlus组件

效果：

3、创建登录页面

在view下新建Login.vue文件

<template><div class="container" :class="{ 'sign-up-mode': signUpMode }"><!-- form表单容器 --><div class="form-container"><div class="signin-signup"><!-- 登录 --><el-formref="ruleFormRef":model="loginUser":rules="rules"label-width="100px"class="login-form sign-in-form"><el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email"><el-input v-model="loginUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." /></el-form-item><el-form-item label="密码" prop="password"><el-inputv-model="loginUser.password"type="password"placeholder="Enter Password..."/></el-form-item><el-form-item><el-button type="primary" class="submit-btn" @click="submitForm(ruleFormRef)">提交</el-button></el-form-item><!-- 找回密码 --><el-form-item><p class="tiparea">忘记密码<a>立即找回</a></p></el-form-item></el-form></div></div><!-- 左右切换动画 --><div class="panels-container"><div class="panel left-panel"><div class="content"><h3>Row,row,row your boat</h3><p>Gentlely down the stream</p><button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent">注册</button></div></div><div class="panel right-panel"><div class="content"><h3>Merrily,merrily,merrily,merrily,</h3><p>Life is but a dream</p><button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent">登录</button></div></div></div></div></template><script lang="ts" setup>import { ref, reactive, toRefs, getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'import type { FormInstance, FormRules } from 'element-plus'// Vue3语法糖// 通过解构getCurrentInstance，获取this，这里的this就是ctx// const { ctx } = getCurrentInstance()const { proxy } = getCurrentInstance()// 登录/注册模式const signUpMode = ref(false)const ruleFormRef = ref<FormInstance>()// 登录表单const loginUser = reactive({email: '',password: ''})// 校验规则const rules = reactive({email: [{required: true,type: 'email',message: 'email格式错误',trigger: 'blur'}],password: [{ required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' },{ min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' }]})// 触发登录方法const submitForm  = (formEl: FormInstance | undefined) => {if(!formEl!) returnformEl.validate((valid) => {if (valid) {console.log('submit!')const data = proxy.$http.getUserPassword(loginUser)console.log('data', data)} else {console.log('error submit!')return false}})}</script><style scoped>.container {position: relative;width: 100%;min-height: 100vh;background-color: #fff;overflow: hidden;}.form-container {position: absolute;left: 0;top: 0;width: 100%;height: 100%;}.signin-signup {position: relative;top: 50%;left: 75%;transform: translate(-50%, -50%);width: 44%;transition: 1s 0.7s ease-in-out;display: grid;grid-template-columns: 1fr;z-index: 5;}/* 左右切换动画 */.social-text {padding: 0.7rem 0;font-size: 1rem;}.social-media {display: flex;justify-content: center;}.social-icon {height: 46px;width: 46px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin: 0 0.45rem;color: #333;border-radius: 50%;border: 1px solid #333;text-decoration: none;font-size: 1.1rem;transition: 0.3s;}.social-icon:hover {color: #4481eb;border-color: #4481eb;}.btn {width: 150px;background-color: #5995fd;border: none;outline: none;height: 49px;border-radius: 49px;color: #fff;text-transform: uppercase;font-weight: 600;margin: 10px 0;cursor: pointer;transition: 0.5s;}.btn:hover {background-color: #4d84e2;}.panels-container {position: absolute;height: 100%;width: 100%;top: 0;left: 0;display: grid;grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);}.container:before {content: '';position: absolute;height: 2000px;width: 2000px;top: -10%;right: 48%;transform: translateY(-50%);background-image: linear-gradient(-45deg, #4481eb 0%, #04befe 100%);transition: 1.8s ease-in-out;border-radius: 50%;z-index: 6;}.image {width: 100%;transition: transform 1.1s ease-in-out;transition-delay: 0.4s;}.panel {display: flex;flex-direction: column;align-items: flex-end;justify-content: space-around;text-align: center;z-index: 6;}.left-panel {pointer-events: all;padding: 3rem 17% 2rem 12%;}.right-panel {pointer-events: none;padding: 3rem 12% 2rem 17%;}.panel .content {color: #fff;transition: transform 0.9s ease-in-out;transition-delay: 0.6s;}.panel h3 {font-weight: 600;line-height: 1;font-size: 1.5rem;}.panel p {font-size: 0.95rem;padding: 0.7rem 0;}.btn.transparent {margin: 0;background: none;border: 2px solid #fff;width: 130px;height: 41px;font-weight: 600;font-size: 0.8rem;}.right-panel .image,.right-panel .content {transform: translateX(800px);}/* ANIMATION */.container.sign-up-mode:before {transform: translate(100%, -50%);right: 52%;}.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .image,.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .content {transform: translateX(-800px);}.container.sign-up-mode .signin-signup {left: 25%;}.container.sign-up-mode form.sign-up-form {opacity: 1;z-index: 2;}.container.sign-up-mode form.sign-in-form {opacity: 0;z-index: 1;}.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .image,.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .content {transform: translateX(0%);}.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel {pointer-events: none;}.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel {pointer-events: all;}@media (max-width: 870px) {.container {min-height: 800px;height: 100vh;}.signin-signup {width: 100%;top: 95%;transform: translate(-50%, -100%);transition: 1s 0.8s ease-in-out;}.signin-signup,.container.sign-up-mode .signin-signup {left: 50%;}.panels-container {grid-template-columns: 1fr;grid-template-rows: 1fr 2fr 1fr;}.panel {flex-direction: row;justify-content: space-around;align-items: center;padding: 2.5rem 8%;grid-column: 1 / 2;}.right-panel {grid-row: 3 / 4;}.left-panel {grid-row: 1 / 2;}.image {width: 200px;transition: transform 0.9s ease-in-out;transition-delay: 0.6s;}.panel .content {padding-right: 15%;transition: transform 0.9s ease-in-out;transition-delay: 0.8s;}.panel h3 {font-size: 1.2rem;}.panel p {font-size: 0.7rem;padding: 0.5rem 0;}.btn.transparent {width: 110px;height: 35px;font-size: 0.7rem;}.container:before {width: 1500px;height: 1500px;transform: translateX(-50%);left: 30%;bottom: 68%;right: initial;top: initial;transition: 2s ease-in-out;}.container.sign-up-mode:before {transform: translate(-50%, 100%);bottom: 32%;right: initial;}.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .image,.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .content {transform: translateY(-300px);}.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .image,.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .content {transform: translateY(0px);}.right-panel .image,.right-panel .content {transform: translateY(300px);}.container.sign-up-mode .signin-signup {top: 5%;transform: translate(-50%, 0);}}@media (max-width: 570px) {form {padding: 0 1.5rem;}.image {display: none;}.panel .content {padding: 0.5rem 1rem;}.container {padding: 1.5rem;}.container:before {bottom: 72%;left: 50%;}.container.sign-up-mode:before {bottom: 28%;left: 50%;}}/* 控制login & register显示 */form {padding: 0rem 5rem;transition: all 0.2s 0.7s;overflow: hidden;}form.sign-in-form {z-index: 2;}form.sign-up-form {opacity: 0;z-index: 1;}/* register */.loginForm,.registerForm {margin-top: 20px;background-color: #fff;padding: 20px 40px 20px 20px;border-radius: 5px;box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px #cccc;}.submit-btn {width: 100%;}.tiparea {text-align: right;font-size: 12px;color: #333;width: 100%;}.tiparea a {color: #409eff;}</style>

4、封装并使用 Axios

4.1、安装Axios

npm i axios

4.2、安装NProgress顶部进度条

npm i --save-dev @types/nprogress

4.3、封装请求拦截

在 src 目录新建 utils 文件夹，再新建 requestUtil.ts 文件，写上以下代码

import axios from 'axios'
import Nprogress from 'nprogress'
import 'nprogress/nprogress.css'
import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'const http = axios.create({baseURL: 'http://localhost:9000',timeout: 300 * 1000, // 请求超时时间设置为300秒
})const NETWORK_ERROR = '网络错误，请联系开发人员'/*** 请求拦截器*/
http.interceptors.request.use((req) => {console.log('请求拦截器 =>', req)Nprogress.start()return req;
}, (error) => {Nprogress.done()return Promise.reject(error);
});/*** 响应拦截器*/
http.interceptors.response.use(function (res) {console.log('响应拦截器 =>', res)Nprogress.done()if (res.status == 200) {return res.data} else {ElMessage.error((NETWORK_ERROR))return Promise.reject(NETWORK_ERROR)}
});export default http

4.4、前端设置跨域

在vue.config.js中配置如下代码：

const { defineConfig } = require('@vue/cli-service');
// const AutoImport = require('unplugin-auto-import/webpack');
// const Components = require('unplugin-vue-components/webpack');
// const { ElementPlusResolver } = require('unplugin-vue-components/resolvers');
module.exports = defineConfig({transpileDependencies: true,//关闭eslint校验lintOnSave: false,// ElementPlus按需导入方式// configureWebpack: {//   plugins: [//     AutoImport({//       resolvers: [ElementPlusResolver()],//     }),//     Components({//       resolvers: [ElementPlusResolver()],//     }),//   ],// }devServer: {open: true,host: 'localhost',port: 8080,https: false,// 设置跨域proxy: {'/api': {target: 'http://localhost:9000',ws: true,changeOrigin: true,pathRewrite: {'^api': ''}}}}
})

4.5、配置接口api

在src目录下创建api文件夹，里面创建index.ts

import http from '@/utils/requestUtils'export default {/*** 根据用户邮箱、密码查询用户信息*/getUserPassword(data: any) {return http.post('/api/getUserPassword',data,{headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},})},/*** 保存用户信息*/saveUser(data: any) {return http.post('/api/saveUser',data,{headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},})},
}

4.6、将http请求全局封装

在 main.ts 文件引入HTTP请求工具并配置为全局方法

import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'
import ElementPlus from 'element-plus'
import 'element-plus/dist/index.css'
import axios from 'axios'
import apiServe from '@/api'const app = createApp(App)app.use(store)
app.use(router)
app.use(ElementPlus)
app.mount('#app')app.config.globalProperties.$http = apiServe
app.config.globalProperties.$axios = axios

二、后端项目

1、检查JDK和maven的安装版本

在cmd输入 java -version
和mvn -v检查对应的安装情况

2、创建springboot项目

通过idea的spring initializr创建工程，不选择maven而是选择spring initializr快捷创建。然后去勾选相关依赖。

3、创建springboot项目成功

项目创建成功

4、配置maven和maven库

配置本地maven库

5、加载maven库

6、创建application.yml

在resources下面新建application.yml，并配置数据库名，密码，以及端口，端口尽量不要使用8080，避免和前端端口相同了

注释掉另外一个配置

# mysql
spring:datasource:#MySQL配置driverClassName:  com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/easyproject?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC#数据库名和密码username: rootpassword: 920724mybatis:mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xmltype-aliases-package: com.example.demo.model
server:port: 9000

7、运行项目

项目运行成功，端口9000

8、新建WebConfig文件处理跨域

创建utils文件夹，在utils文件夹下创建WebConfig，并添加以下配置

package com.springboot.userlogin.springbootdemo.utils;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.CorsRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;// 使用注解说明是全局配置类
@Configuration
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { // 继承跨域请求的类@Overridepublic void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) { // 跨域处理的方法registry.addMapping("/**") // 任意访问都允许跨域.allowedOrigins("http://localhost:8080", "null") // 跨域来源.allowedMethods("POST", "GET", "PUT", "OPTIONS", "DELETE") // 跨域请求类型.maxAge(3600) // 超时时间.allowCredentials(true); // 允许携带信息}
}

alt+insert快捷键可以弹出

9、使用idea连接mysql

mysql安装配置方法可以参照我写的另外一个文档：
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_47791238/article/details/134811414?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501

输入mysql用户名和密码：

10、在pom文件添加lombok依赖

目的：为了使用@Data注解

<dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.24</version></dependency>

11、创建bean文件夹，用于放置实体对象

在项目中创建bean文件夹，新建user实体类，使用Data注解，创建构造方法和get\set方法

package com.springboot.userlogin.springbootdemo.bean;import lombok.Data;@Data
public class User {private int id;private String username;private String password;private String email;private String role;private boolean state;//    public User() {
//    }//    public User(String username, String password, String email, String role, boolean state) {
//        this.username = username;
//        this.password = password;
//        this.email = email;
//        this.role = role;
//        this.state = state;
//    }
//
//    public int getId() {
//        return id;
//    }
//
//    public String getUsername() {
//        return username;
//    }
//
//    public String getPassword() {
//        return password;
//    }
//
//    public String getEmail() {
//        return email;
//    }
//
//    public String getRole() {
//        return role;
//    }
//
//    public boolean getState() {
//        return state;
//    }
//
//    public void setId(int id) {
//        this.id = id;
//    }
//
//    public void setUsername(String username) {
//        this.username = username;
//    }
//
//    public void setPassword(String password) {
//        this.password = password;
//    }
//
//    public void setEmail(String email) {
//        this.email = email;
//    }
//
//    public void setRole(String role) {
//        this.role = role;
//    }
//
//    public void setState(boolean state) {
//        this.state = state;
//    }
}

12、查看构造成功成功的实体对象

快捷键 alt + 7

13、创建controller接口

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class LoginController {@AutowiredUserDao userDao;@PostMapping("/api/getUserPassword") // @RequestMapping注解创建接口public String userLogin(@RequestBody User user) { // @RequestBody注解方便找到user实体System.out.println("User : " + user);String str = "error";int count = userDao.getUserByMassage(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());if (count > 0) {str = "ok";}return str;}
}

14、创建dao接口

package com.springboot.userlogin.springbootdemo.dao;import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;@Repository
@Mapper
public interface UserDao {int getUserByMassage(@Param("email") String email, @Param("password") String password);
}

15、创建mapper映射文件

在resources下面创建mapper文件夹，用于存放数据库的映射文件
在mapper文件夹下新建UserMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"><!--对应dao层接口文件的目录-->
<mapper namespace="com.springboot.userlogin.springbootdemo.dao.UserDao"><!--  id值为UserDao接口方法名； --><select id="getUserByMassage" resultType="java.lang.Integer">SELECT count(id) FROM easyUserWHERE email=#{email} AND password=#{password}</select>
</mapper>

三、测试前后端功能

1、前端页面接口请求

2、后端控制台日志打印