本文主要是介绍C++类和对象-多态-＞案例1计算器类、案例2制作饮品、案例3电脑组装需求分析和电脑组装具体实现，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
//分别利用普通写法和多态技术实现计算器
//普通写法
class Calculator {
public:
int getResult(string oper)
{
if (oper == "+") {
return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
}
else if (oper == "-") {
return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
}
else if (oper == "*") {
return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
}
//如果想扩展新的功能，需要修改源码
//在真实开发中 提供 开闭原则
//开闭原则：对扩展进行开发，对修改进行关闭
}
public:
int m_Num1;//操作数1
int m_Num2;//操作数2
};
void test01()
{
//普通实现测试
//创建计算器对象
Calculator c;
c.m_Num1 = 10;
c.m_Num2 = 10;
cout << c.m_Num1 << " + " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("+") << endl;
cout << c.m_Num1 << " - " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("-") << endl;
cout << c.m_Num1 << " * " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("*") << endl;
}
//利用多态实现计算器
//实现计算器抽象类
//多态优点：代码组织结构清晰，可读性强，利于前期和后期的扩展以及维护
class AbstractCalculator
{
public :
virtual int getResult()
{
return 0;
}
int m_Num1;
int m_Num2;
};
//加法计算器
class AddCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
int getResult()
{
return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
}
};
//减法计算器
class SubCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
int getResult()
{
return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
}
};
//乘法计算器
class MulCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
int getResult()
{
return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
}
};
void test02()
{
//多态使用条件
//父类指针或者引用指向子类对象
//创建加法计算器
AbstractCalculator * abc = new AddCalculator;
abc->m_Num1 = 10;
abc->m_Num2 = 10;
cout << abc->m_Num1 << " + " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
delete abc; //用完了记得销毁
//创建减法计算器
abc = new SubCalculator;
abc->m_Num1 = 10;
abc->m_Num2 = 10;
cout << abc->m_Num1 << " - " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
delete abc;
//创建乘法计算器
abc = new MulCalculator;
abc->m_Num1 = 10;
abc->m_Num2 = 10;
cout << abc->m_Num1 << " * " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
delete abc;
}
int main() {
//test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
总结：C++开发提倡利用多态设计程序架构，因为多态优点很多
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//抽象制作饮品
class AbstractDrinking
{
public:
//烧水
virtual void Boil() = 0;
//冲泡
virtual void Brew() = 0;
//倒入杯中
virtual void PourInCup() = 0;
//加入辅料
virtual void PutSomething() = 0;
//规定流程
void MakeDrink()
{
Boil();
Brew();
PourInCup();
PutSomething();
}
};
//制作咖啡
class Coffee : public AbstractDrinking
{
public:
//烧水
virtual void Boil()
{
cout << "煮农夫山泉!" << endl;
}
//冲泡
virtual void Brew()
{
cout << "冲泡咖啡!" << endl;
}
//倒入杯中
virtual void PourInCup()
{
cout << "将咖啡倒入杯中!" << endl;
}
//加入辅料
virtual void PutSomething()
{
cout << "加入牛奶!" << endl;
}
};
//制作茶水
class Tea : public AbstractDrinking
{
public:
//烧水
virtual void Boil()
{
cout << "煮自来水!" << endl;
}
//冲泡
virtual void Brew()
{
cout << "冲泡茶叶!" << endl;
}
//倒入杯中
virtual void PourInCup()
{
cout << "将茶水倒入杯中!" << endl;
}
//加入辅料
virtual void PutSomething()
{
cout << "加入枸杞!" << endl;
}
};
//制作函数
void DoWork(AbstractDrinking * drink)
{
drink->MakeDrink();
delete drink;
}
void test01()
{
//制作咖啡
DoWork(new Coffee);
cout << "--------------" << endl;
//制作茶叶
DoWork(new Tea);
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//抽象不同零件类
//抽象CPU类
class CPU
{
public:
//抽象的计算函数
virtual void calculate() = 0;
};
//抽象显卡类
class VideoCard
{
public:
//抽象的显示函数
virtual void display() = 0;
};
//抽象内存条类
class Memory
{
public:
//抽象的存储函数
virtual void storage() = 0;
};
//电脑类
class Computer
{
public:
Computer(CPU * cpu, VideoCard * vc, Memory * mem)
{
m_cpu = cpu;
m_vc = vc;
m_mem = mem;
}
//提供工作的函数
void work()
{
//让零件工作起来，调用接口
m_cpu->calculate();
m_vc->display();
m_mem->storage();
}
//提供析构函数 释放3个电脑零件
~Computer()
{
//释放CPU零件
if (m_cpu != NULL)
{
delete m_cpu;
m_cpu = NULL;
}
//释放显卡零件
if (m_vc != NULL)
{
delete m_vc;
m_vc = NULL;
}
//释放内存条零件
if (m_mem != NULL)
{
delete m_mem;
m_mem = NULL;
}
}
private:
CPU * m_cpu; //CPU的零件指针
VideoCard * m_vc; //显卡零件指针
Memory * m_mem; //内存条零件指针
};
//具体厂商
//Intel厂商
class IntelCPU :public CPU
{
public:
virtual void calculate()
{
cout << "Intel的CPU开始计算了！" << endl;
}
};
class IntelVideoCard :public VideoCard
{
public:
virtual void display()
{
cout << "Intel的显卡开始显示了！" << endl;
}
};
class IntelMemory :public Memory
{
public:
virtual void storage()
{
cout << "Intel的内存条开始存储了！" << endl;
}
};
//Lenovo厂商
class LenovoCPU :public CPU
{
public:
virtual void calculate()
{
cout << "Lenovo的CPU开始计算了！" << endl;
}
};
class LenovoVideoCard :public VideoCard
{
public:
virtual void display()
{
cout << "Lenovo的显卡开始显示了！" << endl;
}
};
class LenovoMemory :public Memory
{
public:
virtual void storage()
{
cout << "Lenovo的内存条开始存储了！" << endl;
}
};
void test01()
{
//第一台电脑零件
CPU * intelCpu = new IntelCPU;
VideoCard * intelCard = new IntelVideoCard;
Memory * intelMem = new IntelMemory;
cout << "第一台电脑开始工作：" << endl;
//创建第一台电脑
Computer * computer1 = new Computer(intelCpu, intelCard, intelMem);
computer1->work();
delete computer1;
cout << "-----------------------" << endl;
cout << "第二台电脑开始工作：" << endl;
//第二台电脑组装
Computer * computer2 = new Computer(new LenovoCPU, new LenovoVideoCard, new LenovoMemory);
computer2->work();
delete computer2;
cout << "-----------------------" << endl;
cout << "第三台电脑开始工作：" << endl;
//第三台电脑组装
Computer * computer3 = new Computer(new LenovoCPU, new IntelVideoCard, new LenovoMemory);
computer3->work();
delete computer3;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
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