本文主要是介绍使用rman duplicate创建物理active standby dataguard，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
11g的rman提供duplicate可以快速创建物理dataguard。简单方便，dataguard要求主库和备库的db_name一致，db_unique_name不同，下面是具体步骤
基本环境如下：
主库：hostname:11g1
ip:192.168.56.35
db_name:squan
sid=squan
db_unique_name=squan
备库：
hostname:11g2
ip:192.168.56.106
db_name:squan
sid=suq
db_unique_name=suq
==============================
一、主库的基本步骤：
1.修改数据库为force logging
2.创建密码文件
3.创建standby logfile，standby logfile的组数比联机日志多一组
4.修改tnsname.ora，添加一个到standby数据库的服务命名
5.修改standby的相关参数
具体操作如下：
1.修改数据库为force loggingSQL> alter database force logging;Database altered.2.创建密码文件[oracle@11g1 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwsquan password=manager entries=10SQL> select * from v$log;GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- --------- ------------ ---------1 1 47 52428800 512 1 YES ACTIVE 1170031 24-MAY-14 1172488 24-MAY-142 1 48 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT 1172488 24-MAY-14 2.8147E+143.创建standby logfile
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 3 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/stand_redo03.log') size 50m;Database altered.SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/stand_redo04.log') size 50m;Database altered.SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/stand_redo05.log') size 50m;Database altered.4.修改tnsname.ora
[oracle@11g1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/OraHome/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.SQUAN =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 11g1)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = squan)))11g2=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 11g2)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = suq)))11g1=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 11g1)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = squan)))5.修改standby的相关参数
SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(squan,suq)' scope=both; --罗列dg中的所有的db_unique_nameSystem altered.SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=squan' scope=both;System altered.SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=11g2 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=suq' scope=both;System altered.SQL> alter system set fal_server=squan scope=both;System altered.SQL> alter system set fal_client=suq scope=both;System altered.SQL> show parameter db_name --如果db_name没有设置，那么需要设置，并且重启数据库生效NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name string squan二、备库的基本步骤
1.配置静态监听
2.配置密码文件
3.修改参数文件并启动实例到nomount
具体步骤如下：
1.配置静态监听
[oracle@11g2 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/OraHome/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204)(PROGRAM = extproc))(SID_DESC =(SID_NAME = suq)(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204)(GLOBAL_DBNAME=suq)))LISTENER =(DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 11g2)(PORT = 1521))))ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/oracle[oracle@11g2 ~]$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 24-5月 -2014 21:32:21Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=11g2)(PORT=1521)))
LISTENER 的 STATUS
------------------------
别名 LISTENER
版本 TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
启动日期 24-5月 -2014 18:58:46
正常运行时间 0 天 2 小时 33 分 35 秒
跟踪级别 off
安全性 ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
监听程序参数文件 /opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/network/admin/listener.ora
监听程序日志文件 /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/11g2/listener/alert/log.xml
监听端点概要...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=11g2)(PORT=1521)))
服务摘要..
服务 "PLSExtProc" 包含 1 个实例。实例 "PLSExtProc", 状态 UNKNOWN, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
服务 "suq" 包含 2 个实例。实例 "suq", 状态 UNKNOWN, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...实例 "suq", 状态 BLOCKED, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
命令执行成功2.配置密码文件，直接从主库拷贝然后改名
[oracle@11g2 dbs]$ scp 11g1:`pwd`/orapwsquan .
The authenticity of host '11g1 (192.168.56.35)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 73:56:4c:3a:01:3f:50:c8:d8:3a:5d:d5:21:00:6a:fe.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '11g1' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
oracle@11g1's password:
orapwsquan 100% 2560 2.5KB/s 00:00
[oracle@11g2 dbs]$ mv orapwsquan orapwsuq<pre name="code" class="sql">3.修改参数文件并启动实例到nomount
[oracle@11g2 dbs]$ cat initsuq.ora
*.__db_cache_size=314572800
*.__java_pool_size=4194304
*.__large_pool_size=4194304
*.__oracle_base='/opt/oracle' #ORACLE_BASE set from environment
*.__pga_aggregate_target=490733568
*.__sga_target=583008256
*.__shared_io_pool_size=0
*.__shared_pool_size=239075328
*.__streams_pool_size=8388608
*.audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/suq/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/control01.ctl','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/squan/control02.ctl'#Restore Controlfile
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='squan' #db_name需要和主库一致
*.db_unique_name='suq' #db_unique_name必须不同
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=5218762752
*.diagnostic_dest='/opt/oracle'
*.fal_client='SUQ'
*.fal_server='SQUAN'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(squan,suq)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=suq'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=11g1 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=squan'
*.memory_target=1073741824
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.db_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/oradata/squan','/opt/oracle/oradata/suq' #设置数据文件名字转换
*.log_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/oradata/squan','/opt/oracle/oradata/suq' #设置日志文件名字转换
*.standby_file_management='AUTO' #文件自动管理[oracle@11g2 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=suq
[oracle@11g2 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期六 5月 24 21:30:45 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.已连接到空闲例程。SQL> startup nomount pfile='initsuq.ora'
ORACLE 例程已经启动。Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size 2260088 bytes
Variable Size 746587016 bytes
Database Buffers 314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers 5517312 bytes
SQL> exit三、使用duplicate创建standby database
在源端rman连接源库和备库，发起duplicate：
[oracle@11g1 admin]$ rman target /Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat May 24 21:50:04 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.connected to target database: SQUAN (DBID=3808450041)RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/manager@11g2connected to auxiliary database: SQUAN (not mounted)RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;Starting Duplicate Db at 24-MAY-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISKcontents of Memory Script:
{backup as copy reusetargetfile '/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/orapwsquan' auxiliary format '/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/orapwsuq' ;
}
executing Memory ScriptStarting backup at 24-MAY-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=26 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 24-MAY-14contents of Memory Script:
{backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/control01.ctl';restore clone controlfile to '/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/squan/control02.ctl' from '/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/control01.ctl';
}
executing Memory ScriptStarting backup at 24-MAY-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/snapcf_squan.f tag=TAG20140524T215011 RECID=7 STAMP=848440211
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 24-MAY-14Starting restore at 24-MAY-14
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 24-MAY-14contents of Memory Script:
{sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Scriptsql statement: alter database mount standby databasecontents of Memory Script:
{set newname for tempfile 1 to "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/temp01.dbf";switch clone tempfile all;set newname for datafile 1 to "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf";set newname for datafile 2 to "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf";set newname for datafile 3 to "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf";set newname for datafile 4 to "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf";set newname for datafile 5 to "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test02.dbf";set newname for datafile 6 to "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test01.dbf";backup as copy reusedatafile 1 auxiliary format "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf" datafile 2 auxiliary format "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf" datafile 3 auxiliary format "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf" datafile 4 auxiliary format "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf" datafile 5 auxiliary format "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test02.dbf" datafile 6 auxiliary format "/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test01.dbf" ;sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Scriptexecuting command: SET NEWNAMErenamed tempfile 1 to /opt/oracle/oradata/suq/temp01.dbf in control fileexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEStarting backup at 24-MAY-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/system01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/users01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/test02.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test02.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00006 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/test01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 24-MAY-14sql statement: alter system archive log currentcontents of Memory Script:
{switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Scriptdatafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test02.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=12 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 24-MAY-14四、开启standby日志应用
duplicate完成之后备库数据库启动到mount阶段，这时候就可以开启应用日志，最后再重启打开到read only并应用日志：
SQL> select status from v$Instance;STATUS
------------
MOUNTEDSQL> select database_role from v$database;DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBYSQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;数据库已更改。SQL> alter database open read only;
alter database open read only
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-10456: cannot open standby database; media recovery session may be in
progressSQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;数据库已更改。SQL> alter database open read only;数据库已更改。SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;数据库已更改。
查看主库日志传输状态：
SQL> SELECT dest_id,dest_name,status,target,destination,ERROR,db_unique_name FROM v$archive_dest WHERE ROWNUM<3;DEST_ID DEST_NAME STATUS TARGET DESTINATION ERROR DB_UN
------- -------------------- --------- ------- --------------- ---------- -----1 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID PRIMARY /opt/arch squan2 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID STANDBY 11g2 suq查看角色和打开模式：
SQL> select DATABASE_ROLE,PROTECTION_MODE,open_mode from v$database; DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE OPEN_MODE
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE READ ONLY WITH APPLY开启应用：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;开启实时应用：
SQL>recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;关闭应用：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;查看是否有gap:
SQL>SELECT * FROM v$archive_gap;查看归档日志是否被应用：
SQL>SELECT NAME,thread#,sequence#,first_time,next_time,applied FROM v$archived_log ORDER BY 1,2;fail over:
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database finish ;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database finish force;
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;standby进程状态：
SQL>SELECT pid, PROCESS, STATUS, THREAD#, SEQUENCE#, BLOCK#, BLOCKS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY where process='RFS' or process='MRP0';
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