本文主要是介绍数据可视化！全面了解象形柱形图！，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
目录
前言
一.普通图像画制象形柱形图
1.象形柱形图是什么？它有什么适用场景？
2.柱形象形图有什么优劣势？
3.导入库
4.最终具体代码
5.图形效果
二.通过json文件显示图标
1.什么是json文件？
2.导入库
3.最终代码
三.总结
前言
象形柱图它利用SVG图片和形状来表现数据，能够让数据展现更加贴近数据故事背景，视觉表达更为丰富生动。你可以通过新增的内置多种图案快速实现数据形态的修饰，同时结合图案的个性化设置效果搭配来改变数据的展现效果。今天让我们来学习一下象形柱形图，加深对它的了解吧。
一.普通图像画制象形柱形图
1.象形柱形图是什么？它有什么适用场景？
象形柱图（Pictorial Bar）是属于柱形图的一种，用象形图的方式来展示，象形图是通过其与物理对象的图画相似来表达其意义的表意文字。象形柱图的整体适用范围和柱形图一致，象形柱图比起实际的应用，更多的是符合人们不同审美的需求，用更形象的图案去展示数据。
象形柱图和柱形图的使用方法一致，主要用于多个分类间的数据（大小、数值）的对比，可以用来显示一段时间内的数据变化或显示各项之间的比较情况，柱形图简单直观，易于比较各组数据之间的差别。
2.柱形象形图有什么优劣势？
优势：相较于普通柱形图，象形柱图更加美观，在表现数据的同时也能通过图形表达数据之外的含义。
缺点：象形柱图不适合用于表达趋势的数据，这种数据更适合用折线图或者面积图；也不适合用于表达占比的数据，这种数据更适合用于饼图。
3.导入库
代码如下（示例）：
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import PictorialBar注意：
如果还没有pyecharts库的话，我们windows中搜索anaconda prompt打开，运行下述代码：
pip install pyecharts
或使用清华镜像下载（建议使用这个）：
pip install pyecharts -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
4.最终具体代码
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import PictorialBarc = (PictorialBar().add_xaxis(["reindeer", "ship", "plane", "train", "car"]).add_yaxis("",[{'value':1,'symbol':'image://小猪佩奇.jpg'},{'value':2,'symbol':'image://小猪佩奇2.jpg'},{'value':3,'symbol':'image://小猪佩奇3.jpg'},{'value':4,'symbol':'image://小猪佩奇4.jpg'},{'value':5,'symbol':'image://小猪佩奇5.jpg'},],label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False), # 不显示数据标签symbol_size=50, # 图形大小symbol_repeat="fixed",# 是否用重复图形表示柱形symbol_offset=[0, 0], # 图形的偏移is_symbol_clip=True, # 是否剪切图形).reversal_axis().set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="PictorialBar-Vehicles in X City"),xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(is_show=False),yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axistick_opts=opts.AxisTickOpts(is_show=False),axisline_opts=opts.AxisLineOpts(linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(opacity=0)),),)
)
c.render_notebook()使用.add_xaxis([ ])画制图形的x轴参数，
使用.add_yaxis([ ])画制图形的y轴参数，因为这里我们使用图形，因此没有定义。
传入自己想要的图片来勇于表示柱形，在这里，我使用的是小猪佩奇的图片
使用render_notebook进行渲染
在这里要注意传入的图片图形，需要与我们的代码文件处于同一位置！大家还可以通过其他的配置样式，来修改我们的图形参数。
基本语法可以参考以下网站：
https://gallery.pyecharts.org/#/PictorialBar/pictorialbar_multi_custom_symbols
5.图形效果
二.通过json文件显示图标
1.什么是json文件？
“.json”是用来存储简单的数据接口和对象的文件；json是一种轻量级的数据交换格式，基于ECMAScript的一个子集，采用完全独立于编程语言的文本格式来存储和表示数据，用于许多web应用程序来进行数据交换。
2.导入库
代码如下（示例）：
import jsonfrom pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import PictorialBarwith open("symbol.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:symbols = json.load(f)在这里，我们需要提前导入写好的json文件，里面包涵每个图标的path部分。
创建symbols.json文件,内容包涵：
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}更多图标的svg代码可以从阿里巴巴矢量图标库中下载：
https://www.iconfont.cn/collections/index?spm=a313x.7781069.1998910419.d33146d14&type=3
我们只需要复制每个图标的path部分代码。
在这里我选择用蛋糕图标替换其中一个图形，我们要先复制它的SVG代码，选取它的path部分赋予一个新值代替。操作如下：
SVG代码部分如下：
<svg t="1678792213702" class="icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="1122" width="200" height="200"><path d="M708.2496 170.6496a25.6 25.6 0 1 0-51.2 0v42.7008a25.6 25.6 0 0 0 51.2 0v-42.7008z m-25.6 123.7504a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 25.6 25.6V486.4h145.1008a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 25.6 25.6v315.7504h59.6992a25.6 25.6 0 1 1 0 51.2H85.3504a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 0-51.2h59.6992v-101.888a26.112 26.112 0 0 1 0-1.024V512a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 25.6-25.6h145.1008V320a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 51.2 0V486.4H486.4V320a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 51.2 0V486.4h119.4496V320a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 25.6-25.6z m145.1008 533.3504v-86.5792L768 711.2704l-73.8816 36.9664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1-22.8864 0l-73.8816-36.9664-73.8816 36.9664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1-22.9376 0l-73.8816-36.9664-73.8816 36.9664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1-22.8864 0L256 711.2704l-59.7504 29.9008v86.528h631.5008z m0-143.872V537.6H196.2496v146.3296l48.2816-24.1664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 22.9376 0l73.8816 36.9664 73.8816-36.9664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 22.8864 0l73.8816 36.9664 73.8816-36.9664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 22.8864 0l73.8816 36.9664 73.8816-36.9664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 22.9376 0l48.2816 24.1664zM512 145.1008a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 25.6 25.6v42.7008a25.6 25.6 0 0 1-51.2 0v-42.7008a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 25.6-25.6z m-145.0496 25.6a25.6 25.6 0 0 0-51.2 0v42.7008a25.6 25.6 0 0 0 51.2 0v-42.7008z" fill="#4A4A4A" p-id="1123"></path></svg>其中我们只选取选取path部分，在这里要注意不要选取颜色部分代码。
symbols['蛋糕']='path://M708.2496 170.6496a25.6 25.6 0 1 0-51.2 0v42.7008a25.6 25.6 0 0 0 51.2 0v-42.7008z m-25.6 123.7504a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 25.6 25.6V486.4h145.1008a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 25.6 25.6v315.7504h59.6992a25.6 25.6 0 1 1 0 51.2H85.3504a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 0-51.2h59.6992v-101.888a26.112 26.112 0 0 1 0-1.024V512a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 25.6-25.6h145.1008V320a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 51.2 0V486.4H486.4V320a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 51.2 0V486.4h119.4496V320a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 25.6-25.6z m145.1008 533.3504v-86.5792L768 711.2704l-73.8816 36.9664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1-22.8864 0l-73.8816-36.9664-73.8816 36.9664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1-22.9376 0l-73.8816-36.9664-73.8816 36.9664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1-22.8864 0L256 711.2704l-59.7504 29.9008v86.528h631.5008z m0-143.872V537.6H196.2496v146.3296l48.2816-24.1664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 22.9376 0l73.8816 36.9664 73.8816-36.9664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 22.8864 0l73.8816 36.9664 73.8816-36.9664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 22.8864 0l73.8816 36.9664 73.8816-36.9664a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 22.9376 0l48.2816 24.1664zM512 145.1008a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 25.6 25.6v42.7008a25.6 25.6 0 0 1-51.2 0v-42.7008a25.6 25.6 0 0 1 25.6-25.6z m-145.0496 25.6a25.6 25.6 0 0 0-51.2 0v42.7008a25.6 25.6 0 0 0 51.2 0v-42.7008z"'3.最终代码
import jsonfrom pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import PictorialBarwith open("symbol.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:symbols = json.load(f)c = (PictorialBar().add_xaxis(["reindeer", "ship", "plane", "train", "car"]).add_yaxis("2015",[{"value": 157, "symbol":symbols["蛋糕"]},{"value": 21, "symbol": symbols["ship"]},{"value": 66, "symbol": symbols["plane"]},{"value": 78, "symbol": symbols["train"]},{"value": 123, "symbol": symbols["car"]},],label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),symbol_size=22,symbol_repeat="fixed",symbol_offset=[0, 5],is_symbol_clip=True,).add_yaxis("2016",[{"value": 184, "symbol": symbols["蛋糕"]},{"value": 29, "symbol": symbols["ship"]},{"value": 73, "symbol": symbols["plane"]},{"value": 91, "symbol": symbols["train"]},{"value": 95, "symbol": symbols["car"]},],label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),symbol_size=22,symbol_repeat="fixed",symbol_offset=[0, -25],is_symbol_clip=True,).reversal_axis().set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="PictorialBar-Vehicles in X City"),xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(is_show=False),yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axistick_opts=opts.AxisTickOpts(is_show=False),axisline_opts=opts.AxisLineOpts(linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(opacity=0)),),)
# .render("pictorialbar_multi_custom_symbols.html")
)
c.render_notebook()使用render_notebook进行渲染
运行结果图如下：
三.总结
综合以上内容，我们更加了解了pyecharts中象形柱形图的使用方法，同时提供丰富的数据报表模板，快速搭建，大大提升工作效率。希望今天的内容对大家有所帮助！
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