本文主要是介绍培训第九周（部署k8s基础环境），希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
一、前期系统环境准备
1、关闭防火墙与selinux
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl disable firewalldRemoved symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.[root@k8s-master ~]# setenforce 0[root@k8s-master ~]# sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux[root@k8s-master ~]# sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
2、配置主机映射
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/hosts10.0.0.11 k8s-master10.0.0.22 k8s-node0110.0.0.33 k8s-node02[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/hosts root@10.0.0.22:/etc/hosts[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/hosts root@10.0.0.22:/etc/hosts
3、测试映射效果
[root@k8s-master ~]# ping k8s-node01PING k8s-node01 (10.0.0.22) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from k8s-node01 (10.0.0.22): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.346 ms64 bytes from k8s-node01 (10.0.0.22): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.265 ms^C--- k8s-node01 ping statistics ---2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.265/0.305/0.346/0.044 ms[root@k8s-master ~]# ping k8s-node02PING k8s-node02 (10.0.0.33) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from k8s-node02 (10.0.0.33): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.306 ms64 bytes from k8s-node02 (10.0.0.33): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms^C--- k8s-node02 ping statistics ---2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
4、配置主机间免密登录
[root@k8s-master ~]# ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:SHA256:pJNP7Nx9pi00P7w8nBNECxdAyHyKPnc6UNaLdXYs6b8 root@k8s-masterThe key's randomart image is:+---[RSA 2048]----+| o oo... || + o o || .. + + + || =. + o B o|| +.So o * o || *+.o.= o || ++.+.=o+ || o .*O .|| ...+E.|+----[SHA256]-----+[root@k8s-master ~]# ssh-copy-id root@10.0.0.22/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keysroot@10.0.0.22's password: Number of key(s) added: 1Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@10.0.0.22'"and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.[root@k8s-master ~]# ssh-copy-id root@10.0.0.33
5、配置yum源
[root@k8s-master ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/# docker软件源[root@k8s-master yum.repos.d]# vim docker-ce.repo[docker-ce-stable]name=Docker CE Stable - $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/stableenabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg[docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/debug-$basearch/stableenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg[docker-ce-stable-source]name=Docker CE Stable - Sourcesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/source/stableenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg[docker-ce-test]name=Docker CE Test - $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/testenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg[docker-ce-test-debuginfo]name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/debug-$basearch/testenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg[docker-ce-test-source]name=Docker CE Test - Sourcesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/source/testenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg[docker-ce-nightly]name=Docker CE Nightly - $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/nightlyenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg[docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo]name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/debug-$basearch/nightlyenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg[docker-ce-nightly-source]name=Docker CE Nightly - Sourcesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/source/nightlyenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg# K8S软件源[root@k8s-master yum.repos.d]# vim kubernetes.repo [kubernetes]name=Kubernetesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/enabled=1gpgcheck=0repo_gpgcheck=0gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg[root@k8s-master yum.repos.d]# yum clean all && yum makecache[root@k8s-master yum.repos.d]# scp docker-ce.repo root@10.0.0.22:/etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo 100% 2073 1.9MB/s 00:00 [root@k8s-master yum.repos.d]# scp kubernetes.repo root@10.0.0.22:/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo 100% 211 281.2KB/s 00:00 [root@k8s-master yum.repos.d]# scp docker-ce.repo root@10.0.0.33:/etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo 100% 2073 1.9MB/s 00:00 [root@k8s-master yum.repos.d]# scp kubernetes.repo root@10.0.0.33:/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo 100% 211 281.2KB/s 00:00
6、安装必备工具
[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git -y
7、关闭swap 分区
[root@k8s-master ~]# swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0vm.swappiness = 0[root@k8s-master ~]# sed -ri '/^[^#]*swap/s@^@#@' /etc/fstab
8、同步时间
[root@k8s-master ~]# yum -y install ntpdate[root@k8s-master ~]# ntpdate time2.aliyun.com4 Sep 10:08:59 ntpdate[1897]: adjust time server 203.107.6.88 offset 0.007780 sec[root@k8s-master ~]# which ntpdate/usr/sbin/ntpdate[root@k8s-master ~]# crontab -e* 5 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com
9、配置 limit
# 单个进程可以打开的⽂件数量将被限制为 65535[root@k8s-master ~]# ulimit -SHn 65535 [root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf # 末尾添加如下内容* soft nofile 65536* hard nofile 131072* soft nproc 65535* hard nproc 655350* soft memlock unlimited* hard memlock unlimited
10、安装 k8s ⾼可⽤性 Git 仓库并重启
# 在 /root/ ⽬录下克隆⼀个名为 k8s-ha-install.git 的 Git 仓库[root@k8s-master ~]# git clone https://gitee.com/dukuan/k8s-ha-install.git正克隆到 'k8s-ha-install'...remote: Enumerating objects: 920, done.remote: Counting objects: 100% (8/8), done.remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done.remote: Total 920 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 912接收对象中: 100% (920/920), 19.74 MiB | 1.51 MiB/s, done.处理 delta 中: 100% (388/388), done.[root@k8s-master ~]# cd k8s-ha-install/[root@k8s-master k8s-ha-install]# lscalico.yaml krm.yaml LICENSE metrics-server-0.3.7 metrics-server-3.6.1 README.md[root@k8s-master k8s-ha-install]# reboot
二、配置内核模块
1、配置ipvs模块
[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y# 使⽤ modprobe 命令加载内核模块，核⼼ IPVS 模块。[root@k8s-master ~]# modprobe -- ip_vs# IPVS 负载均衡算法 rr。[root@k8s-master ~]# modprobe -- ip_vs_rr# IPVS 负载均衡算法 wrr[root@k8s-master ~]# modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr# ⽤于源端负载均衡的模块[root@k8s-master ~]# modprobe -- ip_vs_sh# ⽤于⽹络流量过滤和跟踪的模块[root@k8s-master ~]# modprobe -- nf_conntrack# 在系统启动时加载下列 IPVS 和相关功能所需的模块[root@k8s-master ~]# find / -name "ipvs.config"[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.configip_vs # 负载均衡模块ip_vs_lc # ⽤于实现基于连接数量的负载均衡算法ip_vs_wlc # ⽤于实现带权重的最少连接算法的模块ip_vs_rr # 负载均衡rr算法模块ip_vs_wrr # 负载均衡wrr算法模块ip_vs_lblc # 负载均衡算法，它结合了最少连接（LC）算法和基于偏置的轮询（Round Robin with Bias）算法ip_vs_lblcr # ⽤于实现基于链路层拥塞状况的最少连接负载调度算法的模块ip_vs_dh # ⽤于实现基于散列（Hashing）的负载均衡算法的模块ip_vs_sh # ⽤于源端负载均衡的模块ip_vs_fo # ⽤于实现基于本地服务的负载均衡算法的模块ip_vs_nq # ⽤于实现NQ算法的模块ip_vs_sed # ⽤于实现随机早期检测（Random Early Detection）算法的模块ip_vs_ftp # ⽤于实现FTP服务的负载均衡模块ip_vs_shnf_conntrack # ⽤于跟踪⽹络连接的状态的模块ip_tables # ⽤于管理防护墙的机制ip_set# ⽤于创建和管理IP集合的模块xt_set # ⽤于处理IP数据包集合的模块，提供了与iptables等⽹络⼯具的接⼝ipt_set # ⽤于处理iptables规则集合的模块ipt_rpfilter # ⽤于实现路由反向路径过滤的模块ipt_REJECT # iptables模块之⼀，⽤于将不符合规则的数据包拒绝，并返回特定的错误码ipip # ⽤于实现IP隧道功能的模块，使得数据可以在两个⽹络之间进⾏传输[root@k8s-master ~]# sysctl --system* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf ...* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/10-default-yama-scope.conf ...kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 0* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-default.conf ...kernel.sysrq = 16kernel.core_uses_pid = 1net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0net.ipv4.conf.default.promote_secondaries = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.promote_secondaries = 1fs.protected_hardlinks = 1fs.protected_symlinks = 1* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf ...* Applying /etc/sysctl.conf ...# 开机⾃启systemd默认提供的⽹络管理服务[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable systemd-modules-load.service[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl start systemd-modules-load.service# 查看已写⼊加载的模块[root@k8s-master ~]# lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrackip_vs_sh 12688 0 ip_vs_wrr 12697 0 ip_vs_rr 12600 0 ip_vs 141432 6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrrnf_conntrack 133053 1 ip_vslibcrc32c 12644 3 xfs,ip_vs,nf_conntrack
2、配置k8s内核
# 写⼊k8s所需内核模块[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.confnet.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1# 控制⽹络桥接与iptables之间的⽹络转发⾏为net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1# ⽤于控制⽹络桥接（bridge）的IP6tables过滤规则。当该参数设置为1时，表示启⽤对⽹络桥接的IP6tables过滤规则fs.may_detach_mounts = 1# ⽤于控制⽂件系统是否允许分离挂载，1表示允许net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet = 1# 允许本地⽹络上的路由。设置为1表示允许，设置为0表示禁⽌。vm.overcommit_memory=1# 控制内存分配策略。设置为1表示允许内存过量分配，设置为0表示不允许。vm.panic_on_oom=0# 决定当系统遇到内存不⾜（OOM）时是否产⽣panic。设置为0表示不产⽣panic，设置为1表示产⽣panic。fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100# inotify可以监视的⽂件和⽬录的最⼤数量。fs.file-max=52706963# 系统级别的⽂件描述符的最⼤数量。fs.nr_open=52706963# 单个进程可以打开的⽂件描述符的最⼤数量。net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720# ⽹络连接跟踪表的最⼤⼤⼩。net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600# TCP保活机制发送探测包的间隔时间（秒）。net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3# TCP保活机制发送探测包的最⼤次数。net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15# TCP保活机制在发送下⼀个探测包之前等待响应的时间（秒）。net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000# TCP TIME_WAIT状态的bucket数量。net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1# 允许重⽤TIME_WAIT套接字。设置为1表示允许，设置为0表示不允许。net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680# 系统中最⼤的孤套接字数量。net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3# 系统尝试重新分配孤套接字的次数。net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1# ⽤于防⽌SYN洪⽔攻击。设置为1表示启⽤SYN cookies，设置为0表示禁⽤。net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384# SYN连接请求队列的最⼤⻓度。net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536# IP连接跟踪表的最⼤⼤⼩。net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384# 系统中最⼤的监听队列的⻓度。net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0# ⽤于关闭TCP时间戳选项。net.core.somaxconn = 16384# ⽤于设置系统中最⼤的监听队列的⻓度# 保存后，所有节点重启，保证重启后内核依然加载[root@k8s-master ~]# lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrackip_vs_sh 12688 0 ip_vs_wrr 12697 0 ip_vs_rr 12600 0 ip_vs 141432 6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrrnf_conntrack 133053 1 ip_vslibcrc32c 12644 3 xfs,ip_vs,nf_conntrack
三、基本组件安装
1、安装 Containerd
1）安装 Docker
# 卸载之前的containerd[root@k8s-master ~]# yum remove -y podman runc containerd# 安装Docker和containerd[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install containerd.io docker-ce dockerce-cli -y
2）配置 Containerd 所需模块
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf> overlay> br_netfilter> EOFoverlay # ⽤于⽀持Overlay⽹络⽂件系统的模块，它可以在现有的⽂件系统之上创建叠加层，以实现虚拟化、隔离和管理等功能。br_netfilter # ⽤于containerd的⽹络过滤模块，它可以对进出容器的⽹络流量进⾏过滤和管理。[root@k8s-master ~]# cat /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf overlaybr_netfilter[root@k8s-master ~]# modprobe -- overlay[root@k8s-master ~]# modprobe -- br_netfilter
3）配置 Containerd 所需内核
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.confnet.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 # ⽤于控制⽹络桥接是否调⽤iptables进⾏包过滤和转发。net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 # 路由转发，1为开启net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 # 控制是否在桥接接⼝上调⽤IPv6的iptables进⾏数据包过滤和转发。[root@k8s-master ~]# sysctl --system
4）Containerd 配置⽂件
[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir -p /etc/containerd# 读取containerd的配置并保存到/etc/containerd/config.toml[root@k8s-master ~]# containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/containerd/config.toml # 找到第63行修改为sandbox_image = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"# 找到containerd.runtimes.runc.options模块，添加SystemdCgroup = false，如果已经存在则直接修改（在第127行）# 添加sandbox_image = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"（第128行）
# 加载systemctl控制脚本[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload# 启动containerd并设置开机启动[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl start containerd.service[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable containerd.serviceCreated symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service.
5）配置 crictl 客户端连接的运⾏位置
# 配置容器运⾏环境的crictl.yml⽂件[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/crictl.yamlruntime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock # 指定了容器运⾏时的地址为：unix://...image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock # 指定了镜像运⾏时的地址为：unix://...timeout: 10 # 设置了超时时间为10秒debug: false # 关闭调试模式
2、安装 Kubernetes 组件
# 安装 Kubeadm、Kubelet 和 Kubectl# 查询最新的Kubernetes版本号[root@k8s-master ~]# yum list kubeadm.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r# 安装1.28最新版本kubeadm、kubelet和kubectl[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install kubeadm-1.28* kubelet-1.28* kubectl-1.28* -y[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload# 允许开机⾃启kubelet[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable --now kubelet# 查看当前安装的kubeadm版本号[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm versionkubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"28", GitVersion:"v1.28.2", GitCommit:"89a4ea3e1e4ddd7f7572286090359983e0387b2f", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2023-09-13T09:34:32Z", GoVersion:"go1.20.8", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
3、Kubernetes 集群初始化
1）Kubeadm 配置⽂件
# 修改kubeadm配置⽂件[root@k8s-master ~]# vim kubeadm-config.yamlapiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3# 指定Kubernetes配置文件的版本，使用的是kubeadm API的v1beta3版本bootstrapTokens:# 定义bootstrap tokens的信息。这些tokens用于在Kubernetes集群初始化过程中进行身份验证- groups:# 定义了与此token关联的组- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-tokentoken: 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury# bootstrap token的值ttl: 24h0m0s# token的生存时间，这里设置为24小时usages:# 定义token的用途- signing# 数字签名- authentication# 身份验证kind: InitConfiguration# 指定配置对象的类型，InitConfiguration：表示这是一个初始化配置localAPIEndpoint:# 定义本地API端点的地址和端口advertiseAddress: 192.168.15.11bindPort: 6443nodeRegistration:# 定义节点注册时的配置criSocket: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock# 容器运行时(CRI)的套接字路径name: k8s-master# 节点的名称taints: # 标记- effect: NoSchedule # 免调度节点key: node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane # 该节点为控制节点---apiServer:# 定义了API服务器的配置certSANs:# 为API服务器指定了附加的证书主体名称(SAN)，指定IP即可- 192.168.15.11timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s# 控制平面的超时时间，这里设置为4分钟apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3# 指定API Server版本certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki# 指定了证书的存储目录clusterName: kubernetes# 定义了集群的名称为"kubernetes"controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.15.11:6443# 定义了控制节点的地址和端口controllerManager: {}# 控制器管理器的配置，为空表示使用默认配置etcd:# 定义了etcd的配置local:# 本地etcd实例dataDir: /var/lib/etcd# 数据目录imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers# 指定了Kubernetes使用的镜像仓库的地址，阿里云的镜像仓库。kind: ClusterConfiguration# 指定了配置对象的类型，ClusterConfiguration：表示这是一个集群配置kubernetesVersion: v1.28.2# 指定了kubernetes的版本networking:# 定义了kubernetes集群网络设置dnsDomain: cluster.local# 定义了集群的DNS域为：cluster.localpodSubnet: 172.16.0.0/16# 定义了Pod的子网serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16# 定义了服务的子网scheduler: {}# 使用默认的调度器行为# 将旧的kubeadm配置⽂件转换为新的格式[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm config migrate --old-config kubeadm-config.yaml --new-config new.yaml[root@k8s-master ~]# vim new.yaml# 修改第12行、24行、29行的ip地址为自己本机的ip地址
2）下载组件镜像
# 通过新的配置⽂件new.yaml从指定的阿⾥云仓库拉取kubernetes组件镜像[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm config images pull --config /root/new.yaml [config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.28.2[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.28.2[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.28.2[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.28.2[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.9-0[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.10.1
3）集群初始化
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm init --config /root/new.yaml --upload-certs# 等待初始化后保存这些命令# 当需要加⼊新node节点时，只复制这执行即可[root@k8s-master ~]# vim token.txtkubeadm join 10.0.0.200:6443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:92191cb8741805ac561c5781d936f60a44a3233740209abf6e64738bfecd4c5e# 当需要⾼可⽤master集群时，将整个token复制下来--control-plane --certificate-key f9984be15f98141b212efa176c7a49fcda982888f8869b7cc668e661982cbcc0
4）初始化错误解决
错误信息显示本机内存不够，cpu数量不够，我们现在将本机内存提到4个G，cpu数量提到4个注意要关闭本主机然后进行修改主机配置的操作
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm init --config /root/new.yaml --upload-certs
错误信息显示需要修改配置文件/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward[root@k8s-master ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm init --config /root/new.yaml --upload-certs
# 检查kubelet为运行状态[root@master ~]# systemctl status kubeletActive: active (running) since 五 2024-09-06 17:33:30 CST; 5min ago# 可能是配置文件的地址没有改，所以找不到主机，所以超时[root@k8s-master ~]# vim new.yaml# 修改第12行、24行、29行的ip地址为自己本机的ip地址# 初始化重置[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm reset -f ; ipvsadm --clear ; rm -rf ~/.kube[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm init --config /root/new.yaml --upload-certs
5）加载环境变量
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /root/.bashrcexport KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf[root@k8s-master ~]# source /root/.bashrc
6）查看组件容器状态
之前采⽤初始化安装⽅式，所有的系统组件均以容器的⽅式运⾏ 并且在 kube-system 命名空间内，此时可以查看 Pod（容器 组）状态
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get po -n kube-systemNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGEcoredns-6554b8b87f-2jslr 0/1 Pending 0 10mcoredns-6554b8b87f-mmgbd 0/1 Pending 0 10metcd-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 10mkube-apiserver-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 10mkube-controller-manager-k8s-master 1/1 Running 3 10mkube-proxy-tvk64 1/1 Running 0 10mkube-scheduler-k8s-master 1/1 Running 3 10m# kubectl：k8s控制命令# get：获取参数# po：pod缩写# -n：指定命名空间# kube-system：命名空间
4、Token 过期处理
注意：以下步骤是上述初始化命令产⽣的 Token 过期了才需要执 ⾏以下步骤，如果没有过期不需要执⾏，直接 join 即可。
Token 过期后⽣成新的 token
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
Master 需要⽣成 --certificate-key：
kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs
5、Node 节点配置
Node 节点上主要部署公司的⼀些业务应⽤，⽣产环境中不建议 Master 节点部署系统组件之外的其他 Pod，测试环境可以允许 Master 节点部署 Pod 以节省系统资源。
1）查看集群信息
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodeNAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSIONk8s-master NotReady control-plane 25s v1.28.2
2）node 结点基础环境配置
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[root@node01 ~]# systemctl disable firewalldRemoved symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.[root@node01 ~]# setenforce 0[root@node01 ~]# sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux[root@node01 ~]# sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts[root@node01 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo epel.repo hh.repo repo.tar.gzdocker-ce.repo epel-testing.repo kubernetes.repo[root@node01 ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache[root@node01 ~]# yum -y install ntpdate[root@node01 ~]# ntpdate time2.aliyun.com[root@node01 ~]# crontab -e* 5 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com[root@node01 ~]# ulimit -SHn 65535[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/security/limits.conf root@10.0.0.250:/etc/security/limits.conf[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf root@10.0.0.250:/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.con[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf[root@node01 ~]# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -y[root@node01 ~]# yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git -y[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf root@10.0.0.250:/etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf [root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf[root@node01 ~]# modprobe -- br_netfilter[root@node01 ~]# modprobe -- overlay[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf root@10.0.0.250:/etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf [root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf[root@node01 ~]# sysctl --system[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/containerd/config.toml root@10.0.0.250:/etc/containerd/config.toml [root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/containerd/config.toml[root@node01 ~]# systemctl enable --now containerd [root@node01 ~]# cat > /etc/crictl.yaml <<EOF> runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock> image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock> timeout: 10> debug: false> EOFroot@node01 ~]# systemctl status containerdActive: active (running) since 五 2024-09-06 21:41:46 CST; 2min 13s ago[root@node01 ~]# yum install kubeadm-1.28* kubelet-1.28* kubectl-1.28* -y[root@node01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@node01 ~]# systemctl enable --now kubelet[root@node01 ~]# systemctl status kubelet
# node01通过复制master初始化⽣成的token来加⼊集群[root@node01 ~]# kubeadm join 10.0.0.200:6443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:92191cb8741805ac561c5781d936f60a44a3233740209abf6e64738bfecd4c5e
[root@node01 ~]# swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0[root@node01 ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-commandkubeadm join 10.0.0.200:6443 --token mwq6bb.h4eqdzp5vjyhe4iy --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:92191cb8741805ac561c5781d936f60a44a3233740209abf6e64738bfecd4c5e [root@node01 ~]# kubeadm join 10.0.0.200:6443 --token mwq6bb.h4eqdzp5vjyhe4iy --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:92191cb8741805ac561c5781d936f60a44a3233740209abf6e64738bfecd4c5e
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodeNAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSIONk8s-master NotReady control-plane 24h v1.28.2node01 NotReady <none> 68s v1.28.2
3）查看集群状态
master 上查看集群状态（NotReady 不影响）
# 获取所有节点信息[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get node NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSIONk8s-master NotReady control-plane 24h v1.28.2node01 NotReady <none> 68s v1.28.2
到此建议打快照
6、Calico 组件安装
1）切换 git 分⽀
[root@k8s-master ~]# cd k8s-ha-install/[root@k8s-master k8s-ha-install]# lscalico.yaml krm.yaml LICENSE metrics-server-0.3.7 metrics-server-3.6.1 README.md[root@k8s-master k8s-ha-install]# git checkout manual-installation-v1.28.x分支 manual-installation-v1.28.x 设置为跟踪来自 origin 的远程分支 manual-installation-v1.28.x。切换到一个新分支 'manual-installation-v1.28.x'
2）修改 Pod ⽹段
[root@k8s-master k8s-ha-install]# cd calico/# 获取已定义的Pod⽹段[root@k8s-master calico]# POD_SUBNET=`cat /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml | grep cluster-cidr= | awk -F= '{print $NF}'` [root@k8s-master calico]# echo $POD_SUBNET172.16.0.0/16# 修改calico.yml⽂件中的pod⽹段[root@k8s-master calico]# sed -i "s#POD_CIDR#${POD_SUBNET}#g" calico.yaml# 创建calico的pod[root@k8s-master calico]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
3）查看容器和节点状态
[root@k8s-master calico]# kubectl get po -n kube-system
[root@k8s-master calico]# kubectl get nodeNAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSIONk8s-master NotReady control-plane 24h v1.28.2node01 NotReady <none> 20m v1.28.2[root@k8s-master calico]# kubectl describe po -n kube-system calico
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