本文主要是介绍鸿蒙开发5.0【Picker的受限权限适配方案】,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
Picker由系统独立进程实现,应用可以通过拉起Picker组件,用户在Picker上选择对应的资源(如图片、文档等),应用可以获取Picker返回的结果。
类型 | 受限权限 | 使用的picker |
---|---|---|
音频 | ohos.permission.READ_AUDIO,ohos.permission.WRITE_AUDIO | AudioViewPicker |
文件 | ohos.permission.READ_DOCUMENT,ohos.permission.WRITE_DOCUMENT | DocumentViewPicker |
照片 | ohos.permission.READ_IMAGEVIDEO,ohos.permission.WRITE_IMAGEVIDEO | PhotoViewPicker |
联系人 | ohos.permission.READ_CONTACTS | Contacts Picker |
相机 | ohos.permission.CAMERA | Camera Picker |
扫码 | ohos.permission.CAMERA | 扫码Picker |
卡证识别 | ohos.permission.CAMERA | 卡证识别Picker |
文档扫描 | ohos.permission.CAMERA | 文档扫描Picker |
目前支持的Picker组件有:
- 音频Picker(AudioViewPicker):选择、保存音频文件。
- 文件Picker(DocumentViewPicker):选择、保存文档文件。
- 照片Picker(PhotoViewPicker):选择、保存图片文件。
- 联系人Picker(Contacts Picker):选择联系人。
- 相机Picker (Camera Picker):拍照、录制。
- 扫码Picker:扫码。
- 卡证识别Picker:识别并提取卡证信息。
- 文档扫描Picker:拍摄文档并转化为高清扫描件。
- 投播组件Picker:可用于将音视频资源投放到其它设备播放。
音频Picker
使用音频Picker(AudioViewPicker)可访问、保存用户公共目录的音频文件。
-
在应用需要申请权限ohos.permission.READ_AUDIO以访问用户公共目录的音频文件时,可以使用FilePicker中的AudioViewPicker替代
async function example13() {try {let audioSelectOptions = new picker.AudioSelectOptions();let audioPicker = new picker.AudioViewPicker();audioPicker.select(audioSelectOptions).then((audioSelectResult: Array<string>) => {console.info('AudioViewPicker.select successfully, audioSelectResult uri: ' + JSON.stringify(audioSelectResult));}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {console.error('AudioViewPicker.select failed with err: ' + JSON.stringify(err));});} catch (error) {let err: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;console.error('AudioViewPicker failed with err: ' + JSON.stringify(err));} }
-
在应用需要申请权限ohos.permission.WRITE_AUDIO以修改用户公共目录的音频文件时,可以使用FilePicker中的AudioViewPicker替代
async function example16() {try {let audioSaveOptions = new picker.AudioSaveOptions();audioSaveOptions.newFileNames = ['AudioViewPicker01.mp3'];let audioPicker = new picker.AudioViewPicker();audioPicker.save(audioSaveOptions).then((audioSaveResult: Array<string>) => {console.info('AudioViewPicker.save successfully, audioSaveResult uri: ' + JSON.stringify(audioSaveResult))}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {console.error('AudioViewPicker.save failed with err: ' + JSON.stringify(err));});} catch (error) {let err: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;console.error('AudioViewPicker failed with err: ' + JSON.stringify(err));} }
-
save返回的uri权限是读写权限,可以根据结果集中uri进行文件读写等操作。注意不能在picker的回调里直接使用此uri进行打开文件操作,需要定义一个全局变量保存uri,使用类似一个按钮去触发打开文件。使用fs.openSync接口,通过uri打开这个文件得到fd。这里需要注意接口权限参数是fs.OpenMode.READ_WRITE。最后再将通过fs.read读取到selecturi的音频文件的buffer,再通过fd使用fs.writeSync接口将buffer写入这个音频文件,编辑修改完成后关闭fd。
Button('写入音频').backgroundColor('#0D9FFB').fontSize(20).fontColor('#FFFFFF').fontWeight(FontWeight.Normal).align(Alignment.Center).type(ButtonType.Capsule).width('90%').height(40).margin({ top: 5, bottom: 5 }).onClick(() => {let file = fs.openSync(selecturi, fs.OpenMode.READ_WRITE)let file1 = fs.openSync(saveuri, fs.OpenMode.READ_WRITE)let arrayBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(5120000);fs.read(file.fd, arrayBuffer)fs.writeSync(file1.fd, arrayBuffer);fs.close(file1)fs.close(file)})
文件Picker
使用文件Picker(DocumentViewPicker)可访问、保存公共目录中非媒体类型的文件。
-
在应用需要申请权限ohos.permission.READ_DOCUMENT以访问用户公共目录中非媒体类型的文件时,可以使用FilePicker中的DocumentViewPicker替代
async function example07() {try {let documentSelectOptions = new picker.DocumentSelectOptions();let documentPicker = new picker.DocumentViewPicker();documentPicker.select(documentSelectOptions).then((documentSelectResult: Array<string>) => {console.info('DocumentViewPicker.select successfully, documentSelectResult uri: ' + JSON.stringify(documentSelectResult));}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {console.error('DocumentViewPicker.select failed with err: ' + JSON.stringify(err));});} catch (error) {let err: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;console.error('DocumentViewPicker failed with err: ' + JSON.stringify(err));} }
-
在应用需要申请权限ohos.permission.WRITE_DOCUMENT以修改用户公共目录中非媒体类型的文件时,可以使用FilePicker中的DocumentViewPicker替代
async function example10() {try {let documentSaveOptions = new picker.DocumentSaveOptions();documentSaveOptions.newFileNames = ['DocumentViewPicker01.txt'];let documentPicker = new picker.DocumentViewPicker();documentPicker.save(documentSaveOptions).then((documentSaveResult: Array<string>) => {console.info('DocumentViewPicker.save successfully, documentSaveResult uri: ' + JSON.stringify(documentSaveResult));}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {console.error('DocumentViewPicker.save failed with err: ' + JSON.stringify(err));});} catch (error) {let err: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;console.error('DocumentViewPicker failed with err: ' + JSON.stringify(err));} }
-
save返回的uri权限是读写权限,可以根据结果集中uri进行文件读写等操作。注意不能在picker的回调里直接使用此uri进行打开文件操作,需要定义一个全局变量保存uri,使用类似一个按钮去触发打开文件。使用fs.openSync接口,通过uri打开这个文件得到fd。这里需要注意接口权限参数是fs.OpenMode.READ_WRITE。最后通过fd使用fs.writeSync接口对这个文件进行编辑修改,编辑修改完成后关闭fd。
Button('写入文件').backgroundColor('#0D9FFB').fontSize(20).fontColor('#FFFFFF').fontWeight(FontWeight.Normal).align(Alignment.Center).type(ButtonType.Capsule).width('90%').height(40).margin({ top: 5, bottom: 5 }).onClick(() => {let file = fs.openSync(uri, fs.OpenMode.READ_WRITE);console.info('file fd: ' + file.fd);let writeLen = fs.writeSync(file.fd, 'hello, world');console.info('write data to file succeed and size is:' + writeLen);fs.closeSync(file);})
照片Picker
使用照片Picker(PhotoViewPicker)可访问、保存公共目录的图片或视频文件。
-
在应用需要申请权限ohos.permission.READ_IMAGEVIDEO以访问用户公共目录的图片或视频文件时,可以使用PhotoViewPicker替代
async function example01() {try {let photoSelectOptions = new picker.PhotoSelectOptions();photoSelectOptions.MIMEType = picker.PhotoViewMIMETypes.IMAGE_TYPE;photoSelectOptions.maxSelectNumber = 5;let photoPicker = new picker.PhotoViewPicker();photoPicker.select(photoSelectOptions).then((photoSelectResult: picker.PhotoSelectResult) => {console.info('PhotoViewPicker.select successfully, photoSelectResult uri: ' + JSON.stringify(photoSelectResult));}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {console.error('PhotoViewPicker.select failed with err: ' + JSON.stringify(err));});} catch (error) {let err: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;console.error('PhotoViewPicker failed with err: ' + JSON.stringify(err));} }
-
在应用需要申请权限ohos.permission.WRITE_IMAGEVIDEO以保存用户公共目录的图片或视频文件时,可以使用安全控件替代
@Entry @Component struct Index {@State message: string = 'Hello World'@State saveButtonOptions: SaveButtonOptions = {icon: SaveIconStyle.FULL_FILLED,text: SaveDescription.SAVE_IMAGE,buttonType: ButtonType.Capsule} // 设置安全控件按钮属性build() {Row() {Column() {Text(this.message).fontSize(50).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)SaveButton(this.saveButtonOptions)// 创建安全控件按钮.onClick(async (event, result: SaveButtonOnClickResult) => {if (result == SaveButtonOnClickResult.SUCCESS) {try {let context = getContext();let phAccessHelper = photoAccessHelper.getPhotoAccessHelper(context);// 需要确保fileUri对应的资源存在let fileUri = 'file://com.example.temptest/data/storage/el2/base/haps/entry/files/test.jpg';let assetChangeRequest: photoAccessHelper.MediaAssetChangeRequest =photoAccessHelper.MediaAssetChangeRequest.createImageAssetRequest(context, fileUri);await phAccessHelper.applyChanges(assetChangeRequest);console.info('createAsset successfully, uri: ' + assetChangeRequest.getAsset().uri);} catch (err) {console.error(`create asset failed with error: ${err.code}, ${err.message}`);}} else {console.error('SaveButtonOnClickResult create asset failed');}})}.width('100%')}.height('100%')} }
联系人Picker
使用联系人Picker(Contacts Picker)可读取联系人数据。
在应用需要申请权限ohos.permission.READ_CONTACTS以读取联系人数据时,可以使用Contacts Picker替代
async function demo() {contact.selectContacts((err: BusinessError, data) => {if (err) {console.log(`selectContacts callback: err->${JSON.stringify(err)}`);return;}console.log(`selectContacts callback: success data->${JSON.stringify(data)}`);});
}
相机Picker
使用相机Picker (Camera Picker)可实现拍照、录制。
在应用需要申请权限ohos.permission.CAMERA以使用相机时,可以使用Camera Picker替代
async function demo1() {try {let pickerProfile: picker.PickerProfile = {cameraPosition: camera.CameraPosition.CAMERA_POSITION_BACK};let pickerResult: picker.PickerResult = await picker.pick(mContext,[picker.PickerMediaType.PHOTO, picker.PickerMediaType.VIDEO], pickerProfile);console.log("the pick pickerResult is:" + JSON.stringify(pickerResult));} catch (error) {let err = error as BusinessError;console.error(`the pick call failed. error code: ${err.code}`);}
}
扫码Picker
使用扫码Picker可调用相机,实现默认界面扫码。
在应用需要申请权限ohos.permission.CAMERA以使用相机扫码时,可以使用扫码Picker替代
// 定义扫码参数options
let options: scanBarcode.ScanOptions = {scanTypes: [scanCore.ScanType.ALL],enableMultiMode: true,enableAlbum: true
};
// 可调用getContext接口获取当前页面关联的UIAbilityContext
scanBarcode.startScanForResult(getContext(this), options).then((result: scanBarcode.ScanResult) => {// 收到扫码结果后返回hilog.info(0x0001, '[Scan CPSample]', `Succeeded in getting ScanResult by promise with options, result is ${JSON.stringify(result)}`);
}).catch((error: BusinessError) => {hilog.error(0x0001, '[Scan CPSample]',`Failed to get ScanResult by promise with options. Code:${error.code}, message: ${error.message}`);
});
卡证识别Picker
使用卡证识别Picker可调用相机,识别各类证件并提取卡证信息。
在应用需要申请权限ohos.permission.CAMERA以使用相机识别卡证时,可以使用卡证识别Picker替代
Stack({ alignContent: Alignment.Top }) {CardRecognition({// 此处选择身份证类型作为示例supportType: CardType.CARD_ID,callback: ((params: CallbackParam) => {hilog.info(0x0001, TAG, `params code: ${params.code}`)hilog.info(0x0001, TAG, `params cardType: ${params.cardType}`)hilog.info(0x0001, TAG, `params cardInfo front: ${JSON.stringify(params.cardInfo?.front)}`)hilog.info(0x0001, TAG, `params cardInfo back: ${JSON.stringify(params.cardInfo?.back)}`)})})
文档扫描Picker
使用文档扫描Picker可调用相机,拍摄文档并转化为高清扫描件。
@Component
struct DocDemoPage {@State docImageUris: string[] = []private docScanConfig = new DocumentScannerConfig()aboutToAppear() {this.docScanConfig.supportType = [DocType.DOC, DocType.SHEET]this.docScanConfig.isGallerySupported = truethis.docScanConfig.editTabs = []this.docScanConfig.maxShotCount = 3this.docScanConfig.defaultFilterId = FilterId.ORIGINALthis.docScanConfig.defaultShootingMode = ShootingMode.MANUALthis.docScanConfig.isShareable = truethis.docScanConfig.originalUris = []}build() {Stack({ alignContent: Alignment.Top }) {DocumentScanner({scannerConfig: this.docScanConfig,onResult: (code: number, saveType: SaveOption, uris: string[]) => {hilog.info(0x0001, TAG, `result code: ${code}, save: ${saveType}`)uris.forEach(uriString => {hilog.info(0x0001, TAG, `uri: ${uriString}`)})this.docImageUris = uris}}).size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })}.width('100%').height('100%')}
}
投播组件Picker
使用投播组件Picker,可用于将音视频资源投放到其它设备播放。
@Component
struct Index {private onStateChange(state: AVCastPickerState) {if (state == AVCastPickerState.STATE_APPEARING) {console.log('The picker starts showing.')} else if (state == AVCastPickerState.STATE_DISAPPEARING) {console.log('The picker finishes presenting.')}}build() {Row() {Column() {AVCastPicker({ normalColor: Color.Red, activeColor: Color.Blue, onStateChange: this.onStateChange }).width('40vp').height('40vp').border({ width: 1, color: Color.Red })}.height('50%')}.width('50%')}
}
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