Electron 项目实战 03: 实现一个截图功能

本文主要是介绍Electron 项目实战 03: 实现一个截图功能，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

实现效果

实现思路

1. 创建两个window，一个叫mainWindow，一个叫cutWindow
2. mainWindow：主界面用来展示截图结果
3. cutWindow：截图窗口，加载截图页面和截图交互逻辑
4. mainWindow 页面点击截图，让cutWIndow 来实现具体截图逻辑
5. cutWindow：截图完后把截图send给mainWindow页面

截图过程-时序图

创建项目

我在网上找了一大圈，没有找到一个合适的模板，要么环境太老、要么配置各种缺失不完善、要么打包出来各种问题等等，说实话坑还真不少，无意间找到一个特别好的脚手架，它简单又完善。推荐给大家：electron-vite ，所以接下来直接用创建命令

yarn create @quick-start/electron

安装依赖

• vue-router：切换加载首页和截图页面
• konva：完成截图交互的库

yarn add konva vue-router

核心代码

为了更好的展示添加的内容，提供如下目录结构图方便理解

目录结构

主进程

• src/main/index.js

  import {app,shell,BrowserWindow,ipcMain,screen,desktopCapturer,globalShortcut
  } from 'electron'
  import { join } from 'path'
  import { electronApp, optimizer, is } from '@electron-toolkit/utils'
  import icon from '../../resources/icon.png?asset'let mainWindow
  let cutWindowfunction closeCutWindow() {cutWindow && cutWindow.close()cutWindow = null
  }function createMainWindow() {mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({width: 900,height: 670,show: false,autoHideMenuBar: true,...(process.platform === 'linux' ? { icon } : {}),webPreferences: {preload: join(__dirname, '../preload/index.js'),sandbox: false}})mainWindow.on('ready-to-show', () => {mainWindow.show()})mainWindow.webContents.setWindowOpenHandler((details) => {shell.openExternal(details.url)return { action: 'deny' }})console.log('loadURL:', process.env['ELECTRON_RENDERER_URL'])if (is.dev && process.env['ELECTRON_RENDERER_URL']) {mainWindow.loadURL(process.env['ELECTRON_RENDERER_URL'])} else {mainWindow.loadFile(join(__dirname, '../renderer/index.html'))}mainWindow.on('closed', () => {closeCutWindow()})
  }function registerShortcut() {//! 截图快捷键globalShortcut.register('CommandOrControl+Alt+C', () => {openCutScreen()})globalShortcut.register('Esc', () => {closeCutWindow()mainWindow.show()})globalShortcut.register('Enter', sendFinishCut)
  }app.whenReady().then(() => {// Set app user model id for windowselectronApp.setAppUserModelId('com.electron')// Default open or close DevTools by F12 in development// and ignore CommandOrControl + R in production.// see https://github.com/alex8088/electron-toolkit/tree/master/packages/utils//! 开发模式：win 环境F12 和 mac os 环境：CommandOrControl + R 打开 DevToolsapp.on('browser-window-created', (_, window) => {optimizer.watchWindowShortcuts(window)})createMainWindow()registerShortcut()openMainListener()app.on('activate', function () {if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createMainWindow()})
  })app.on('window-all-closed', () => {if (process.platform !== 'darwin') {globalShortcut.unregisterAll()app.quit()}
  })function getSize() {const { size, scaleFactor } = screen.getPrimaryDisplay()return {width: size.width * scaleFactor,height: size.height * scaleFactor}
  }function createCutWindow() {const { width, height } = getSize()cutWindow = new BrowserWindow({width,height,autoHideMenuBar: true,useContentSize: true,movable: false,frame: false,resizable: false,hasShadow: false,transparent: true,fullscreenable: true,fullscreen: true,simpleFullscreen: true,alwaysOnTop: false,webPreferences: {preload: join(__dirname, '../preload/index.js'),nodeIntegration: true,contextIsolation: false}})console.log('createCutWindow:', is.dev, process.env['ELECTRON_RENDERER_URL'])if (is.dev && process.env['ELECTRON_RENDERER_URL']) {let url = process.env['ELECTRON_RENDERER_URL'] + '/#/cut'console.log('createCutWindow: loadURL=', url)cutWindow.loadURL(url)} else {cutWindow.loadFile(path.join(__dirname, '../renderer/index.html'))}cutWindow.maximize()cutWindow.setFullScreen(true)
  }function sendFinishCut() {cutWindow && cutWindow.webContents.send('FINISH_CUT')
  }function openCutScreen() {closeCutWindow()mainWindow.hide()createCutWindow()cutWindow.show()
  }function openMainListener() {ipcMain.on('OPEN_CUT_SCREEN', openCutScreen)ipcMain.on('SHOW_CUT_SCREEN', async (e) => {let sources = await desktopCapturer.getSources({types: ['screen'],thumbnailSize: getSize()})cutWindow && cutWindow.webContents.send('GET_SCREEN_IMAGE', sources[0])})ipcMain.on('FINISH_CUT_SCREEN', async (e, cutInfo) => {closeCutWindow()mainWindow.webContents.send('GET_CUT_INFO', cutInfo)mainWindow.show()})ipcMain.on('CLOSE_CUT_SCREEN', async (e) => {closeCutWindow()mainWindow.show()})
  }
  

渲染器

• scr/main.js

  import { createApp } from 'vue'
  import App from './App.vue'
  import router from './router'const app = createApp(App)
  app.use(router)
  app.mount('#app')
  

• src/router/index.js

  import { createRouter, createWebHashHistory } from 'vue-router'const routes = [{ path: '/', redirect: '/home' },{path: '/home',name: 'home',component: () => import('../pages/Home/index.vue')},{path: '/cut',name: 'cut',component: () => import('../pages/Cut/index.vue')}
  ]const router = createRouter({history: createWebHashHistory(),routes
  })export default router
  

• src/App.vue

  <template><router-view></router-view>
  </template><script setup>
  </script><style lang="less">
  @import './assets/css/styles.less';
  </style>
  

• src/pages/index.vue：首页

  <template><div class="container"><button @click="handleCutScreen">截屏</button><div><img :src="previewImage"style="max-width: 100%" /></div></div>
  </template><script setup>
  import { ref } from "vue";
  const { ipcRenderer } = window.electron;
  const previewImage = ref("");async function handleCutScreen() {await ipcRenderer.send("OPEN_CUT_SCREEN");ipcRenderer.removeListener("GET_CUT_INFO", getCutInfo);ipcRenderer.on("GET_CUT_INFO", getCutInfo);
  }function getCutInfo(event, pic) {previewImage.value = pic;
  }
  </script>
  

• src/pages/cut.vue：截图界面

  <template><div class="container":style="'background-image:url(' + bg + ')'"ref="container"@mousedown="onMouseDown"@mousemove="onMouseMove"@mouseup="onMouseUp"></div>
  </template>
  <script setup>
  import Konva from "konva";
  import { ref, onMounted } from "vue";const { ipcRenderer } = window.electron;
  let container = ref(null);
  let bg = ref("");
  let stage, layer, rect, transformer;onMounted(() => {ipcRenderer.send("SHOW_CUT_SCREEN");ipcRenderer.removeListener("GET_SCREEN_IMAGE", getSource);ipcRenderer.on("GET_SCREEN_IMAGE", getSource);ipcRenderer.on("FINISH_CUT", confirmCut);
  });async function getSource(event, source) {const { thumbnail } = source;const pngData = await thumbnail.toDataURL("image/png");bg.value = pngData;render();
  }function render() {stage = createStage();layer = createLayer(stage);
  }function createStage() {return new Konva.Stage({container: container.value,width: window.innerWidth,height: window.innerHeight,});
  }function createLayer(stage) {let layer = new Konva.Layer();stage.add(layer);layer.draw();return layer;
  }function createRect(layer, x, y, width, height, alpha, draggable) {let rect = new Konva.Rect({x,y,width,height,fill: `rgba(0,0,255,${alpha})`,draggable});layer.add(rect);return rect;
  }let isDown = false;
  let rectOption = {};
  function onMouseDown(e) {if (rect || isDown) {return;}isDown = true;const { pageX, pageY } = e;rectOption.x = pageX || 0;rectOption.y = pageY || 0;rect = createRect(layer, pageX, pageY, 0, 0, 0.25, false);rect.draw();
  }function onMouseMove(e) {if (!isDown) return;const { pageX, pageY } = e;let w = pageX - rectOption.x;let h = pageY - rectOption.y;rect.remove();rect = createRect(layer, rectOption.x, rectOption.y, w, h, 0.25, false);rect.draw();
  }function onMouseUp(e) {if (!isDown) {return;}isDown = false;const { pageX, pageY } = e;let w = pageX - rectOption.x;let h = pageY - rectOption.y;rect.remove();rect = createRect(layer, rectOption.x, rectOption.y, w, h, 0, true);rect.draw();transformer = createTransformer(rect);layer.add(transformer);
  }function createTransformer(rect) {let transformer = new Konva.Transformer({nodes: [rect],rotateAnchorOffset: 60,enabledAnchors: ['top-left', 'top-right', 'bottom-left', 'bottom-right']});return transformer
  }/*** 根据选择区域生成图片* @param {*} info */
  async function getCutImage(info) {const { x, y, width, height } = info;let img = new Image();img.src = bg.value;let canvas = document.createElement("canvas");let ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");canvas.width = ctx.width = width;canvas.height = ctx.height = height;ctx.drawImage(img, -x, -y, window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);return canvas.toDataURL("image/png");
  }/*** 确认截图*/
  async function confirmCut() {const { width, height, x, y, scaleX = 1, scaleY = 1 } = rect.attrs;let _x = width > 0 ? x : x + width * scaleX;let _y = height > 0 ? y : y + height * scaleY;let pic = await getCutImage({x: _x,y: _y,width: Math.abs(width) * scaleX,height: Math.abs(height) * scaleY,});ipcRenderer.send("FINISH_CUT_SCREEN", pic);
  }/*** 关闭截图*/
  function closeCut() {ipcRenderer.send("CLOSE_CUT_SCREEN");
  }
  </script><style lang="scss" scoped>
  .container {position: fixed;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 0;right: 0;width: 100%;height: 100%;overflow: hidden;background-color: transparent;background-size: 100% 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;border: 2px solid blue;box-sizing: border-box;
  }
  </style>
  

总结

虽然实现了核心功能，但是仅支持主屏幕截图，不支持多屏幕截图，同时还遗留诸多问题，后面单独一篇更新解决

完整demo ：传送门，顺便帮忙点个star，感谢~

参考文献

• https://juejin.cn/post/7111115472182968327
• https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/tutorial/keyboard-shortcuts
• https://konvajs.org/docs/select_and_transform/Basic_demo.html
• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40360109/content-security-policy-img-src-self-data/62213224#62213224

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