本文主要是介绍使用canal监控mysql数据库实现elasticsearch索引实时更新,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
文章目录
- 业务场景
- 安装
- 下载安装
- 数据库启用row binlog
- 使用
- 修改配置文件canal.properties
- 配置单个连接
- 配置多个连接
- 配置rabbitMQ
- 程序改动
- canal源码
- 微服务消费mq
业务场景
- 使用elasticsearch作为全文搜索引擎,对标题、内容等,实现智能搜索、输入提示、拼音搜索等
- elasticsearch索引与数据库数据不一致,导致搜索到不应被搜到的结果,或者搜不到已有数据
- 索引相关业务,影响其他业务操作,如索引删除失败导致数据库删除失败
- 为了减少对现有业务的侵入,基于数据库层面,对信息表进行监控,但需要索引的字段变动时,更新索引
- 由于使用的是mysql数据库,故决定采用alibaba的canal中间件
- 主要是监控信息基表base,监控这一张表的数据变动,mq消息消费时,重新从数据库查询数据更新或删除索引(数据无法直接使用,要数据清洗,需要关联查询拼接处理等)
- 大致逻辑
数据库变动 -> 产生binlog -> canal监控读取binlog -> 发送mq -> 索引服务消费mq -> 查询数据库 -> 更新索引 -> 消息ack
安装
下载安装
- wget 地址
- 解压即可
- 修改配置即可启动使用
- wget 下载太慢了,可以自己下载下来再传到centos服务器里
- github1.1.5地址:https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releases/tag/canal-1.1.5
数据库启用row binlog
- 修改mysql数据库 my.cnf
- 开启 Binlog 写入功能,配置 binlog-format 为 ROW 模式
log-bin=mysql-bin # 开启 binlog
binlog-format=ROW # 选择 ROW 模式
server_id=1 # 配置 replaction 不要和 canal 的 slaveId 重复
- 建立canal授权账号
CREATE USER canal IDENTIFIED BY 'canal';
GRANT SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'canal'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
使用
修改配置文件canal.properties
- 主配置文件
canal.properties
- 配置你的连接
canal.destinations = example
,默认了个example - 启用rabbitMQ
canal.serverMode = rabbitMQ
##################################################
######### RabbitMQ #############
# 提前建好 用户、vhost、exchange
##################################################
rabbitmq.host = 192.168.1.171:5672
rabbitmq.virtual.host = sql
rabbitmq.exchange = sqlBinLogExchange
rabbitmq.username = admin
rabbitmq.password = admin
rabbitmq.deliveryMode = Direct
配置单个连接
canal/conf/
下- 修改
instance.properties
- 需要配置数据库连接
canal.instance.master.address
- 配置表过滤规则,
canal.instance.filter.regex
,注意.
和\\
- 配置路由规则
canal.mq.topic
- 示例如下
#################################################
## mysql serverId , v1.0.26+ will autoGen
# canal.instance.mysql.slaveId=0# enable gtid use true/false
canal.instance.gtidon=false# position info 写连接即可,其他省略,会自动获取
canal.instance.master.address=192.168.1.175:3306
canal.instance.master.journal.name=
canal.instance.master.position=
canal.instance.master.timestamp=
canal.instance.master.gtid=# rds oss binlog
canal.instance.rds.accesskey=
canal.instance.rds.secretkey=
canal.instance.rds.instanceId=# table meta tsdb info
canal.instance.tsdb.enable=true
#canal.instance.tsdb.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/canal_tsdb
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername=canal
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword=canal#canal.instance.standby.address =
#canal.instance.standby.journal.name =
#canal.instance.standby.position =
#canal.instance.standby.timestamp =
#canal.instance.standby.gtid=# username/password 先前建好的数据库用户名密码
canal.instance.dbUsername=canal
canal.instance.dbPassword=canal
canal.instance.connectionCharset = UTF-8
# enable druid Decrypt database password
canal.instance.enableDruid=false
#canal.instance.pwdPublicKey=MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBALK4BUxdDltRRE5/zXpVEVPUgunvscYFtEip3pmLlhrWpacX7y7GCMo2/JM6LeHmiiNdH1FWgGCpUfircSwlWKUCAwEAAQ==# table regex 只监控部分表
canal.instance.filter.regex=.*\\.cms_base_content
# table black regex
canal.instance.filter.black.regex=mysql\\.slave_.*
# table field filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.field=test1.t_product:id/subject/keywords,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch
# table field black filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.black.field=test1.t_product:subject/product_image,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch# mq config 这个是routerkey,要配置
canal.mq.topic=anhui_szf
# dynamic topic route by schema or table regex
#canal.mq.dynamicTopic=mytest1.user,mytest2\\..*,.*\\..*
canal.mq.partition=0
# hash partition config
#canal.mq.partitionsNum=3
#canal.mq.partitionHash=test.table:id^name,.*\\..*
#canal.mq.dynamicTopicPartitionNum=test.*:4,mycanal:6
#################################################
配置多个连接
- 在
conf
下新建文件夹,复制一份instance.properties
- 在
canal.destinations
里添加上面的文件夹名称 - 可以使用不同的
canal.mq.topic
,路由到不同队列
配置rabbitMQ
-
登入你的rabbitMQ管理界面
http://192.168.1.***:15672/
-
确保用户存在,且有权限
-
确保vhost存在,没使用默认的
/
,则创建
-
新建你的
exchange
-
新建你的
queue
-
根据前面配置的
topic
,作为routerkey
将exchange
与queue
起来
程序改动
canal源码
- 修改
CanalRabbitMQProducer.java
- 实现只监控部分字段
- 处理mq消息体,去除不需要的东西,减少数据传输
- 主要修改了
send(MQDestination canalDestination, String topicName, Message messageSub)
package com.alibaba.otter.canal.connector.rabbitmq.producer;
... ... 省略
@SPI("rabbitmq")
public class CanalRabbitMQProducer extends AbstractMQProducer implements CanalMQProducer {
... ... 省略// 需要监控的操作类型private static final String OPERATE_TYPE = "UPDATE,INSERT,DELETE";// 更新时,需要触发发送mq的字段private static final String[] KEY_FIELDS = new String[]{"COLUMN_ID","TITLE","REDIRECT_LINK","IMAGE_LINK","IS_PUBLISH","PUBLISH_DATE","RECORD_STATUS","IS_TOP","AUTHOR","REMARKS","TO_FILEID","UPDATE_USER_ID"};// 数据处理时,需要保留的字段(需把标题等传值过去,已删除数据这些查不到了)private static final String[] HOLD_FIELDS = new String[]{"ID", "SITE_ID", "COLUMN_ID", "RECORD_STATUS", "TITLE"};... ... 省略private void send(MQDestination canalDestination, String topicName, Message messageSub) {if (!mqProperties.isFlatMessage()) {byte[] message = CanalMessageSerializerUtil.serializer(messageSub, mqProperties.isFilterTransactionEntry());if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {logger.debug("send message:{} to destination:{}", message, canalDestination.getCanalDestination());}sendMessage(topicName, message);} else {// 并发构造MQMessageUtils.EntryRowData[] datas = MQMessageUtils.buildMessageData(messageSub, buildExecutor);// 串行分区List<FlatMessage> flatMessages = MQMessageUtils.messageConverter(datas, messageSub.getId());for (FlatMessage flatMessage : flatMessages) {if (!OPERATE_TYPE.contains(flatMessage.getType())) {continue;}// 只有设置的关键字段更新,才会触发消息发送if ("UPDATE".equals(flatMessage.getType())) {List<Map<String, String>> olds = flatMessage.getOld();if (olds.size() > 0) {Map<String, String> param = olds.get(0);// 判断更新字段是否包含重要字段,不包含则跳过boolean isSkip = true;for (String keyField : KEY_FIELDS) {if (param.containsKey(keyField) || param.containsKey(keyField.toLowerCase())) {isSkip = false;break;}}if (isSkip) {continue;}}}// 取出data里面的ID和RECORD_STATUS,只保留这个字段的值,其余的舍弃if (null != flatMessage.getData()) {List<Map<String, String>> data = flatMessage.getData();if (!data.isEmpty()) {List<Map<String, String>> newData = new ArrayList<>();for(Map<String, String> map : data) {Map<String, String> newMap = new HashMap<>(8);for (String field : HOLD_FIELDS) {if (map.containsKey(field) || map.containsKey(field.toLowerCase())) {newMap.put(field, map.get(field));}}newData.add(newMap);}flatMessage.setData(newData);}}// 不需要的字段注释掉,较少网络传输消耗flatMessage.setMysqlType(null);flatMessage.setSqlType(null);flatMessage.setOld(null);flatMessage.setIsDdl(null);logger.info("====================================");logger.info(JSON.toJSONString(flatMessage));byte[] message = JSON.toJSONBytes(flatMessage, SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue);if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {logger.debug("send message:{} to destination:{}", message, canalDestination.getCanalDestination());}sendMessage(topicName, message);}}}... ... 省略
}
微服务消费mq
- 根据前面的mq配置,建立rabbitMQ连接
- 根据前面设置好的
exchange
与queue
,消费mq即可 - 更新或删除索引
- ack确认
- 索引更新失败的,根据情况,nack或者存入失败表
- 由于使用的Springboot版本较低,无法使用批量消费接口,只好使用拉模式,主动消费了
- 部分代码
package cn.lonsun.core.middleware.rabbitmq;import cn.lonsun.core.util.SpringContextHolder;
import cn.lonsun.es.internal.service.IIndexService;
import cn.lonsun.es.internal.service.impl.IndexServiceImpl;
import cn.lonsun.es.vo.MessageVO;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.GetResponse;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.ChannelAwareMessageListener;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/*** @author yanyulin* @ClassName: MessageListenerBean* @Description: RabbitMQ消息接收者* @date 2022-3-14 15:25* @version: 1.0*/
@Component
public class MessageListenerBean implements ChannelAwareMessageListener {private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageListenerBean.class);@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate redisTemplate;// 一次处理多少条消息,考虑es写入性能(文本较大时,单个索引可能很大),一次处理200条,模拟剩余多少条,使用2private static final int BATCH_DEAL_COUNT = 2;// mq里待消费线程缓存KEYpublic static final String WAIT_DEAL = "wait_deal";// 集合编码private String code;@Overridepublic void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {Thread thread=Thread.currentThread();long maxDeliveryTag = 0;String queuName = message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue();// 消费前,更新剩余待消费消息数量redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(code + "_" + WAIT_DEAL, channel.messageCount(queuName) + 1);System.out.println("==============>" + code + "=" + redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(code + "_" + WAIT_DEAL));List<MessageVO> messageVOList = new ArrayList<>();List<GetResponse> responseList = new ArrayList<>();while (responseList.size() < BATCH_DEAL_COUNT) {// 需要设置false,手动ackGetResponse getResponse = channel.basicGet(queuName, false);if (getResponse == null) {byte[] body = message.getBody();String str = new String(body);log.info(code + " deliveryTag:{} message:{} ThreadId is:{} ConsumerTag:{} Queue:{} channel:{}",maxDeliveryTag,str,thread.getId(),message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerTag(),message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),channel.getChannelNumber());// 开始消费MessageVO messageVO = JSONObject.parseObject(str,MessageVO.class);log.debug("监听数据库cms_base_content表变更记录消息,消息内容: {} ", JSON.toJSONString(messageVO));messageVOList.add(messageVO);break;}responseList.add(getResponse);maxDeliveryTag = getResponse.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag();}try{if (!responseList.isEmpty()) {for (GetResponse response : responseList) {byte[] body = response.getBody();String str = new String(body);log.info(code + " deliveryTag:{} message:{} ThreadId is:{} ConsumerTag:{} Queue:{} channel:{}",maxDeliveryTag,str,thread.getId(),message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerTag(),message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),channel.getChannelNumber());// 开始消费MessageVO messageVO = JSONObject.parseObject(str,MessageVO.class);log.debug("监听数据库cms_base_content表变更记录消息,消息内容: {} ", JSON.toJSONString(messageVO));messageVOList.add(messageVO);}}IIndexService indexService = SpringContextHolder.getBean(IndexServiceImpl.class);indexService.batchDealIndex(messageVOList, code);channel.basicAck(maxDeliveryTag, true);// Ack后,更新剩余待消费消息数量redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(code + "_" + WAIT_DEAL, channel.messageCount(queuName));System.out.println("==============>" + code + "=" + redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(code + "_" + WAIT_DEAL));}catch(Throwable e){log.error("监听前台访问记录消息,deliveryTag: {} ",maxDeliveryTag,e);//成功收到消息try {channel.basicNack(maxDeliveryTag,true,true);} catch (IOException e1) {log.error("ack 异常, 消息队列可能出现无法消费情况, 请及时处理",e1);}}}public MessageListenerBean() {}public MessageListenerBean(String code) {this.code = code;}
}
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