本文主要是介绍c#: Newtonsoft.Json 高级用法一(不创建类,动态解析和构造json、JObject/JArray),希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
环境:
- .net core3.1
- vs2019
- Newtonsoft.Json 12.0.3
关于newtonsoft.json的使用常见问题参考:
《c#:序列化json常见问题及处理方法》
《c#:关于NewtonsoftJson序列化和Grpc序列化的冲突问题》
问题:如何在不新建类的情况下动态解析json字符串?
如下面:
{"Color": {"Red": 0.8,"Blue": 1.2},"Category": {"Better": [ 99, 98, 100, 96 ],"Normal": [ 80, 75, 84 ]}
}
问: 为什么不能使用指定的类进行反序列化?
答: json中的格式不能完全确定,可能是为将来保留,或者是供别人使用,而自己只负责读写其中的一块,如:“$.Color”
下面的代码就演示如何动态解析这个json字符串:
static void TestReadJson()
{var json = @"
{""Color"": {""Red"": 0.8,""Blue"": 1.2},""Category"": {""Better"": [ 99, 98, 100, 96 ],""Normal"": [ 80, 75, 84 ]}
}";JObject obj = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<JObject>(json);//color_red=0.8var color_red = obj["Color"]["Red"].Value<decimal>();//color_blue=1.2var color_blue = obj["Color"]["Blue"].Value<double>();//other ==null truevar other = obj["Color:NotExsit"];Console.WriteLine($"other==null => {other == null}");//d = 99var d = obj["Category"]["Better"][0].Value<int>();//遍历所有属性var propNameList = new List<string>();var propValueList = new List<double>();var props = (obj["Color"] as JObject).Properties();foreach (var prop in props){propNameList.Add(prop.Name);propValueList.Add(prop.Value.Value<double>());}//propNameList=Red,Blue//propValueList=0.8,1.2//遍历数组所有元素var values = new List<int>();var arr = obj["Category"]["Better"] as JArray;foreach (var item in arr){values.Add(item.Value<int>());}//values=99, 98, 100, 96
}
问题: 如何在不新建类的情况下动态组装json?
上面只说了动态解析,那么还有动态组装json的情况,如下面的json:
{"Color": {"Red": 0.8,"Blue": 1.2},"Category": {"Better": [ 99, 98, 100, 96 ],"Normal": [ 80, 75, 84 ],"Bad": [undefined,null]}
}
看下面的代码:
static void TestCreateJson()
{/* 手动组装json{"Color": {"Red": 0.8,"Blue": 1.2},"Category": {"Better": [ 99, 98, 100, 96 ],"Normal": [ 80, 75, 84 ],"Bad": [undefined,null]}}*///写入JObject//创建json字符串根节点var obj = new JObject(); //{}//Color节点obj["Color"] = new JObject();// { "Color" : {} }obj["Color"]["Red"] = 0.8;// { "Color" : { "Red" : 0.8 } }obj["Color"]["Blue"] = 1.2;// { "Color" : { "Red" : 0.8 , "Blue" : 1.2 } }//Category节点obj["Category"] = new JObject();// { "Color" : { "Red" : 0.8 , "Blue" : 1.2 }, "Category": {} }//Category->Better数组obj["Category"]["Better"] = new JArray();(obj["Category"]["Better"] as JArray).Add(99);(obj["Category"]["Better"] as JArray).Add(98);(obj["Category"]["Better"] as JArray).Add(100);(obj["Category"]["Better"] as JArray).Add(96); //{ "Color" : { "Red" : 0.8 , "Blue" : 1.2 }, "Category": { “Better”: [99, 98, 100, 96] } }//Category->Normal数组obj["Category"]["Normal"] = new JArray();(obj["Category"]["Normal"] as JArray).Add(80);(obj["Category"]["Normal"] as JArray).Add(75);(obj["Category"]["Normal"] as JArray).Add(84);//{ "Color" : { "Red" : 0.8 , "Blue" : 1.2 }, "Category": { “Better”: [99, 98, 100, 96], “Normal”: [80, 75, 84] } }//Category->Bad数组obj["Category"]["Bad"] = new JArray();(obj["Category"]["Bad"] as JArray).Add(JValue.CreateUndefined());(obj["Category"]["Bad"] as JArray).Add(JValue.CreateNull());//{ "Color" : { "Red" : 0.8 , "Blue" : 1.2 }, "Category": { “Better”: [99, 98, 100, 96], “Normal”: [80, 75, 84], "Bad": [ undefined, null ] } }//输出jsonvar jsonStr = obj.ToString();
}
问题: 如何在不新建类的情况下改写json?
既然上面有了动态解析和组装,那么就有改写部分json的需求,看如下代码:
static void TestUpdateJson()
{var json = @"
{""Color"": {""Red"": 0.8,""Blue"": 1.2},""Category"": {""Better"": [ 99, 98, 100, 96 ],""Normal"": [ 80, 75, 84 ],""Bad"": [undefined,null]}
}";var obj = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<JObject>(json);obj["Color"] = "Red,Blue";obj["Category"]["Better"][0] = 100;obj["Category"]["Normal"][0] = new JObject();json = obj.ToString();/*{"Color": "Red,Blue","Category": {"Better": [100,98,100,96],"Normal": [{},75,84],"Bad": [null,null]}}*/
}
问题: 如何动态删除json里的内容?
直接看代码:
static void TestDeleteJson()
{var json = @"
{""Color"": {""Red"": 0.8,""Blue"": 1.2},""Category"": {""Better"": [ 99, 98, 100, 96 ],""Normal"": [ 80, 75, 84 ],""Bad"": [undefined,null]}
}";//移除属性和数组元素var obj = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<JObject>(json);(obj["Color"] as JObject).Remove("Red");(obj["Category"] as JObject).Remove("Better");obj["Category"]["Normal"][0].Remove();json = obj.ToString();/*{"Color": {"Blue": 1.2},"Category": {"Normal": [80,75,84],"Bad": [null,null]}}*/
}
问题:用考虑json文件中的注释吗?
用!!!
因为,我们现在是将json读取到JArray/JObject,Newtonsoft.Json 会将注释一并读取到结构,所以我们要手动排除注释的干扰,具体可参考:
《Newtonsoft.Json 反序列化注意点》
这篇关于c#: Newtonsoft.Json 高级用法一(不创建类,动态解析和构造json、JObject/JArray)的文章就介绍到这儿,希望我们推荐的文章对编程师们有所帮助!