大话设计模式——15.观察者模式（Observer Pattern）

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简介

也称发布订阅模式（Publish/Subscribe），定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系，当一个对象的状态发生改变时，所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并被自动更新

UML图：

在这里插入图片描述

应用场景：

消息通知组件：邮件通知、广播通知、朋友圈、私信等
当一个对象的改变需要同时改变其他对象，且不知道具体有多少对象有待改变时

示例

观察者：Observer

public interface Observer {/*** 更新状态*/void updateState();
}

public class ConcreteObserver01 implements Observer {private String observerName;private Subject subject;public ConcreteObserver01(String observerName, Subject subject) {this.observerName = observerName;this.subject = subject;}@Overridepublic void updateState() {System.out.println(subject.getAction() + "," + observerName + "进入工作状态");}
}

public class ConcreteObserver02 implements Observer {private String observerName;private Subject subject;public ConcreteObserver02(String observerName, Subject subject) {this.observerName = observerName;this.subject = subject;}@Overridepublic void updateState() {System.out.println(subject.getAction() + "," + observerName + "进入工作状态");}
}

目标/主体：Subject

public class Subject {private List<Observer> observerList = new ArrayList<>();private String action;public String getAction() {return action;}public void setAction(String action) {this.action = action;}public void addObserver(Observer observer) {observerList.add(observer);}public void delObserver(Observer observer) {observerList.remove(observer);}public void notifyObserver() {for (Observer observer : observerList) {observer.updateState();}}}

public class BossSubject extends Subject {
}

运行

public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Subject bossSubject = new BossSubject();Observer concreteObserver01 = new ConcreteObserver01("01员工摸鱼", bossSubject);Observer concreteObserver02 = new ConcreteObserver02("02员工摸鱼", bossSubject);bossSubject.addObserver(concreteObserver01);bossSubject.addObserver(concreteObserver02);bossSubject.setAction("老板开始巡视");bossSubject.notifyObserver();}
}