本文主要是介绍Chapter12/Chapter13(外星人入侵之武装飞船,之外星人)，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
#12-1 蓝色天空 ：创建一个背景为蓝色的Pygame窗口
import pygame
def show_sky():pygame.init()screen=pygame.display.set_mode((1200,800))pygame.display.set_caption("Blue Sky")while True:screen.fill((135,206,250))pygame.display.flip()
show_sky()结果：
import pygame,sys
#12-2 游戏角色 ：找一幅你喜欢的游戏角色位图图像或将一幅图像转换为位图。创建一个类，将该角色绘制到屏幕中央，
# 并将该图像的背景色设置为屏幕背景色，或将屏幕背景色设置为该图像的背景色。
class Draw_center():"""绘制到屏幕中央"""def __init__(self,screen):self.screen=screenself.image=pygame.image.load("image/dog.bmp")self.rect=self.image.get_rect()self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()self.rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerxself.rect.centery = self.screen_rect.centerydef blitme(self):self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
#12-1 蓝色天空 ：创建一个背景为蓝色的Pygame窗口
def show_sky():pygame.init()screen=pygame.display.set_mode((1200,800))pygame.display.set_caption("Blue Sky")draw_center=Draw_center(screen)while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()screen.fill((135,206,250))draw_center.blitme()pygame.display.flip()
show_sky()
结果：
#12-3 火箭 ：编写一个游戏，开始时屏幕中央有一个火箭，而玩家可使用四个方向键上下左右移动火箭。
# 请务必确保火箭不会移到屏幕外面。
import pygame,sys
class Settings():"""存储《外星人入侵》的所有设置的类"""def __init__(self):"""初始化游戏的设置"""# 屏幕设置self.screen_width = 1200self.screen_height = 800self.bg_color = (135,206,250)self.ship_speed_factor = 10
#-----------------------------------------------------
class Ship():def __init__(self, ai_settings,screen):"""初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""self.screen = screenself.ai_settings=ai_settings# 加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形self.image = pygame.image.load('image/ship.bmp')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()# 将每艘新飞船放在屏幕底部中央self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerxself.rect.centery= self.screen_rect.centeryself.moving_right=Falseself.moving_left=Falseself.moving_top = Falseself.moving_bottom = False#在飞船的属性center中存储小数值self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)def update(self):"""根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""# 更新飞船的center值，而不是rectif self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:self.rect.centerx += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factorif self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:self.rect.centerx -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factorif self.moving_top and self.rect.top >0:self.rect.centery -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factorif self.moving_bottom and self.rect.bottom <self.screen_rect.bottom:self.rect.centery += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factordef blitme(self):"""在指定位置绘制飞船"""self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
#----------------------------------------------------------
def check_keydown_events(event, ship):"""响应按键"""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:ship.moving_right = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_UP:ship.moving_top = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:ship.moving_bottom = True
def check_keyup_events(event, ship):"""响应松开"""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:ship.moving_right = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_UP:ship.moving_top = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:ship.moving_bottom = False
def check_events(ship):"""监视键盘和鼠标事件"""for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:check_keydown_events(event,ship)elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:check_keyup_events(event,ship)
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship):"""更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕"""# 每次循环时都重绘屏幕screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)ship.blitme()# 让最近绘制的屏幕可见pygame.display.flip()
def show_sky():pygame.init()screen=pygame.display.set_mode((1200,800))ai_settings=Settings()pygame.display.set_caption("ship moving")ship=Ship(ai_settings,screen)while True:update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship)ship.update()check_events(ship)
show_sky()#结果
# 12-4 按键 ：创建一个程序，显示一个空屏幕。在事件循环中，每当检测到pygame.KEYDOWN 事件时都打印属性event.key 。
# 运行这个程序，并按各种键，看看Pygame如何响应。
def show_void():pygame.init()screens=pygame.display.set_mode((800,300))pygame.display.set_caption('Nothing hey')bg=(230,230,230)while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_UP:bg=(0,255,0)else:bg=(255,0,0)screens.fill(bg)pygame.display.flip()
show_void()结果：
按下UP键:
按下DOWN/LEFT/RIGHT键:
# 12-5 侧面射击 ：编写一个游戏，将一艘飞船放在屏幕左边，并允许玩家上下移动飞船。
#在玩家按空格键时，让飞船发射一颗在屏幕中向右穿行的子弹，并在子弹离开屏幕而消失后将其删除。
#########bullet.py#################
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):def __init__(self,setting,screen,ship):super().__init__()self.screen=screen#在(0,0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,setting.bullet_width,setting.bullet_height)self.rect.centery = ship.rect.centeryself.rect.right = ship.rect.right# 存储用小数表示的子弹位置self.x = float(self.rect.x)self.color = setting.bullet_colorself.speed_factor = setting.bullet_speed_factordef update(self):"""向右移动子弹"""# 更新表示子弹位置的小数值self.x += self.speed_factor#更新表示子弹的rect的位置self.rect.x = self.xdef draw_bullets(self):"""在屏幕上绘制子弹"""pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)
#########ship.py###################
import pygame
class Ship():def __init__(self,setting,screen):"""初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""self.screen = screenself.setting = setting# 加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ships.bmp')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()# 将每艘新飞船放在屏幕左边中央self.rect.centery = self.screen_rect.centeryself.rect.left = self.screen_rect.leftself.moving_top = Falseself.moving_bottom = False# 在飞船的属性center中存储小数值(因为rect的centery等属性只能存储整数值)self.center = float(self.rect.centery)def update(self):"""根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""# 更新飞船的center值，而不是rectif self.moving_top and self.rect.top > 0:self.center -= self.setting.ship_speed_factorif self.moving_bottom and self.rect.bottom < self.screen_rect.bottom:self.center += self.setting.ship_speed_factor# 根据self.center更新rect对象self.rect.centery=self.centerdef blitme(self):"""在指定位置绘制飞船"""self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
#########shot_function.py##########
import pygame,sys
from bullet import Bullet
def check_keydown_events(event,setting,screen,ship,bullets):"""响应按键"""if event.key==pygame.K_UP:ship.moving_top=Trueif event.key==pygame.K_DOWN:ship.moving_bottom=Trueif event.key==pygame.K_SPACE:fire_bullets(setting, screen, ship, bullets)def check_keyup_events(event,ship):"""响应松开"""if event.key == pygame.K_UP:ship.moving_top = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:ship.moving_bottom = Falsedef check_events(setting,screen,ship,bullets):"""监视键盘和鼠标事件"""for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:check_keydown_events(event,setting,screen,ship,bullets)elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:check_keyup_events(event,ship)def update_screen(setting,screen,ship,bullets):"""更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕"""# 每次循环时都重绘屏幕# 在飞船和外星人后面重绘所有子弹screen.fill(setting.bg)for bullet in bullets.sprites():bullet.draw_bullets()ship.blitme()#让最近绘制的屏幕可见pygame.display.flip()
def update_bullets(right,bullets):"""更新子弹的位置，并删除已消失的子弹"""#更新子弹的位置bullets.update()# 删除已消失的子弹for bullet in bullets.copy():if bullet.rect.left > right:bullets.remove(bullet)
def fire_bullets(setting, screen, ship, bullets):"""#创建新子弹并将其加入到编组bullets中"""if len(bullets) < setting.bullet_allowed:new_bullet = Bullet(setting, screen, ship)bullets.add(new_bullet)#########setting.py##############
class Setting():def __init__(self):#屏幕self.screen_width = 1500self.screen_height = 800self.bg=(230,230,230)self.ship_speed_factor=2.5#子弹self.bullet_speed_factor = 0.7self.bullet_width = 15self.bullet_height = 3self.bullet_color = 0,0,0self.bullet_allowed = 30
########主函数，shot.py###########
import pygame
import shot_functions as sf
from setting import Setting
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
def show_left():pygame.init()setting = Setting()screen=pygame.display.set_mode((setting.screen_width,setting.screen_height ))pygame.display.set_caption("侧面射击")ship = Ship(setting,screen)bullet = Group()while True:sf.check_events(setting, screen, ship, bullet)ship.update()sf.update_bullets(screen.get_rect().right,bullet)sf.update_screen(setting, screen, ship, bullet)
show_left()
结果：
#13-1 星星 ：找一幅星星图像，并在屏幕上显示一系列整齐排列的星星。
import pygame,sys
from pygame.sprite import Group
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Star(Sprite):def __init__(self,screen):super(Star,self).__init__()self.screen=screenself.image=pygame.image.load("image/starmans.bmp")self.rect=self.image.get_rect()self.rect.x=self.rect.widthself.rect.y=self.rect.heightself.x=float(self.rect.x)def blitme(self):self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def get_number_stars_x(screen_width,stars_width):available_sapce_x = screen_width-2*stars_widthnumber_stars_x = int(available_sapce_x/(2*stars_width))return number_stars_x
def get_number_rows(screen_height,stars_height):available_sapce_x = screen_height - 2 * stars_heightnumber_rows = int(available_sapce_x / (2 * stars_height))return number_rows
def create_stars(screen,stars,star_number,row_number):star = Star(screen)star.x = star.rect.width + 2*star.rect.width*star_numberstar.rect.x = star.xstar.rect.y = star.rect.height+2*star.rect.height*row_numberstars.add(star)
def show_stars():pygame.init()screen=pygame.display.set_mode((800,600))pygame.display.set_caption("starry starry night")stars=Group()while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()star=Star(screen)number_stars_x = get_number_stars_x(800,star.rect.width)number_rows = get_number_rows(600,star.rect.height)for row_number in range(number_rows):for star_number in range(number_stars_x):create_stars(star.screen,stars,star_number,row_number)screen.fill((230,230,230))stars.draw(screen)pygame.display.flip()
show_stars()结果：
#13-2 更逼真的星星 ：为让星星的分布更逼真，可随机地放置星星。本书前面说过，可像下面这样来生成随机数：
# from random import randint
# random_number = randint(-10,10)
import pygame,sys
from pygame.sprite import Group
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
from random import randint
class Star(Sprite):def __init__(self,screen):super().__init__()self.screen=screenself.image=pygame.image.load("image/starmans.bmp")self.rect=self.image.get_rect()self.number_random = randint(-10,10)self.rect.x=self.rect.width+self.number_randomself.rect.y=self.rect.height+self.number_randomself.x=float(self.rect.x)def blitme(self):self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def get_number_stars_x(screen_width,stars_width):available_space_x = screen_width-2*stars_widthnumber_stars_x = int(available_space_x/(2*stars_width))return number_stars_x
def get_number_rows(screen_height,stars_height):available_space_y = screen_height - 2 * stars_heightnumber_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * stars_height))return number_rows
def create_stars(screen,stars,star_number,row_number):star = Star(screen)star.x = star.rect.x + 2*star.rect.x*star_numberstar.rect.x = star.xstar.rect.y = star.rect.y+2*star.rect.y*row_numberstars.add(star)
def show_stars():pygame.init()screen=pygame.display.set_mode((800,600))pygame.display.set_caption("starry starry night")stars=Group()star = Star(screen)number_stars_x = get_number_stars_x(800, star.rect.width)number_rows = get_number_rows(600, star.rect.height)for row_number in range(number_rows):for star_number in range(number_stars_x):create_stars(star.screen, stars, star_number, row_number)while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()screen.fill((230,230,230))stars.draw(screen)pygame.display.flip()
show_stars()
结果：
#13-3 雨滴 ：寻找一幅雨滴图像，并创建一系列整齐排列的雨滴。让这些雨滴往下落，直到到达屏幕底端后消失。
#13-4 连绵细雨 ：修改为完成练习13-3而编写的代码，使得一行雨滴消失在屏幕底端后,屏幕顶端又出现一行新雨滴，
# 并开始往下落。
import pygame,sys
from pygame.sprite import Group
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Raindrop(Sprite):def __init__(self,screen):super().__init__()self.screen=screenself.image=pygame.image.load("image/raindrops.bmp")self.rect=self.image.get_rect()self.rect.x=self.rect.widthself.rect.y=self.rect.heightself.drop_speed =1def update(self):self.rect.y += self.drop_speeddef blitme(self):self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def get_number_raindrops_x(screen_width,raindrops_width):available_space_x = screen_width-2*raindrops_widthnumber_raindrops_x = int(available_space_x/(2*raindrops_width))return number_raindrops_x
def create_raindrops(screen,raindrops,raindrop_number):raindrop=Raindrop(screen)raindrop.rect.x = raindrop.rect.x+2*raindrop.rect.x*raindrop_numberraindrops.add(raindrop)
def create_raindrops_group(screen, raindrops):raindrop = Raindrop(screen)raindrop_number = get_number_raindrops_x(800, raindrop.rect.width)for raindrop_num in range(raindrop_number):create_raindrops(raindrop.screen, raindrops, raindrop_num)
def update_raindrops(screen,raindrops):"""更新雨滴的位置，删除已经消失的雨滴"""raindrops.update()for raindrop in raindrops:if raindrop.rect.top >= 600:raindrops.remove(raindrop)if raindrop.rect.top >= 600:create_raindrops_group(screen,raindrops)def show_raindrops():pygame.init()screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800,600))pygame.display.set_caption("rainbow raindrops")raindrops=Group()create_raindrops_group(screen, raindrops)while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()screen.fill((230,230,230))update_raindrops(screen, raindrops)raindrops.draw(screen)pygame.display.flip()
show_raindrops()
结果：
#13-5 抓球 ：创建一个游戏，在屏幕底端放置一个玩家可左右移动的角色。让一个球出现在屏幕顶端，
# 且水平位置是随机的，并让这个球以固定的速度往下落。如果角色与球发生碰撞（表示将球抓住了），
# 就让球消失。每当角色抓住球或球因抵达屏幕底端而消失后，都创建一个新球。
import pygame,sys
from random import randint
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
from pygame.sprite import Group
class Ball(Sprite):def __init__(self,screen):super().__init__()self.screen = screenself.image = pygame.image.load("image/ball.jpg")self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.number_random = randint(10,600)self.rect.x = self.rect.width+self.number_randomself.drop_speed = 1def update(self):self.rect.y += self.drop_speeddef blitme(self):self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
class Man(Sprite):def __init__(self,screen):super().__init__()self.screen = screenself.image = pygame.image.load("image/man.jpg")self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.centerx = self.screen.get_rect().centerxself.rect.bottom = self.screen.get_rect().bottomself.moving_right = Falseself.moving_left = Falseself.center = float(self.rect.centerx)def update(self):if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:self.center -= 50if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < 800:self.center += 50self.rect.centerx = self.centerdef blitme(self):self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def check_keydown(event,man):if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:man.moving_right = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:man.moving_left = True
def check_keyup(event,man):"""响应松开"""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:man.moving_right = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:man.moving_left = False
def create_ball(balls,screen):if len(balls) ==0:b = Ball(screen)balls.add(b)else:pass
def update_ball(balls,mans):for ball in balls:balls.update()if ball.rect.y >= 600:balls.remove(ball)collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(balls, mans, True, True)
def show_ball():pygame.init()screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800,600))mans = Group()balls = Group()pygame.display.set_caption("Catch the ball!")while True:screen.fill((230, 230, 230))if len(mans) == 0:mans.add(Man(screen))for man in mans:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:check_keydown(event,man)elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:check_keyup(event,man)man.update()mans.draw(screen)create_ball(balls, screen)update_ball(balls,mans)balls.draw(screen)pygame.display.flip()
show_ball()13-5结果：
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