DAY30--learning English

Budget  /ˈbʌdʒɪt/

1.[ CU]the money that is available to a person or an organization and a plan of how it will be spent over a period of time预算

•a monthly/an annual/a family budget 每月╱年度╱家庭预算

•the education/defence budget (= the amount of money that can be spent on this) 教育╱国防预算

•an advertising budget of $2 million预计200万元的广告费

•a big-budget movie一部巨额预算的电影

•We decorated the house on a tight budget (= without much money to spend) .

我们俭省地装修了房子。

•The work was finished on time and within budget (= did not cost more money than was planned) .工作按时完成且未超出预算。

•They went over budget (= spent too much money) .他们超出了预算。

•budget cuts预算削减

2.( BrE alsoBudget ) an official statement by the government of a country's income from taxes, etc. and how it will be spent政府的年度预算

•tax cuts in this year's budget本年度政府预算中的税收削减

•a budget deficit (= when the government spends more money than it earns)

政府预算赤字

~ (sth) (for sth)~ sth (at sth)to be careful about the amount of money you spend; to plan to spend an amount of money for a particular purpose谨慎花钱；把…编入预算

[ V]

•If we budget carefully we'll be able to afford the trip.我们精打细算一点，就能够负担这次旅行。

•I've budgeted for two new members of staff.

我已经把两名新职员名额编入预算。

[ VN]

•Ten million francs has been budgeted for the project.

为该工程已编制了一千万法郎的预算。

•The project has been budgeted at ten million francs.

该工程已制订一千万法郎的预算。

——note atsave

DERIVATIVES 派生词

budget·ing[ U]n

 ( used in advertising, etc.用于广告等 )

[ only before noun] ( used in advertising, etc.用于广告等 ) low in price价格低廉的；花钱少的

•a budget flight/hotel 便宜的航班╱旅馆

——note atcheap

Fabulous adj. /ˈfæbjələs/

1. (informal) 极好的；绝妙的

   • A fabulous performance: 一场精彩的表演

   • Jane is a fabulous cook: 简的烹饪技巧堪称一绝。

2. (formal) 很大的；巨大的

   • Fabulous wealth/riches/beauty: 巨额财富；大量财产；非常美丽

3. （只用于名词前）（文学上）寓言中的；神话似的

   • Fabulous beasts: 传说中的野兽

Strait n. /streɪt/

1. (also straits) [pl.]（尤用于地名）海峡；（联结两大水域的）水道

   • the Strait(s) of Gibraltar: 直布罗陀海峡

2. straits [pl.] 尤指经济拮据引起的困境，境况窘迫

   • The factory is in dire straits: 工厂岌岌可危。

   • She found herself in desperate financial straits:

她发觉自己经济状况极为窘迫。

Jut v. /dʒʌt/ ( -tt- )

~ (out) (from, into, over sth)（使）突出，伸出

同义词：protrude, project

[动词]

• A row of small windows jutted out from the roof: 有一排小窗户从房顶上突出来。

• A rocky headland jutted into the sea: 嶙峋的岬角突入海中。

• a jutting chin: 突出的下巴

[及物动词]

• She jutted her chin out stubbornly: 她倔强地把下巴翘得高高的。

Grater n. /ˈɡreɪtə(r)/

a kitchen utensil (= a tool) with a rough surface, used for grating food into very small pieces

• a cheese/nutmeg grater: 奶酪磨碎器；擦肉豆蔻的礤床儿

Fillet n. /ˈfɪlɪt/ (NAmE also filet)

n. /ˈfɪlɪt/ (北美也可拼作filet)

[C, U] 无骨肉片；去骨鱼片

• plaice fillets: 鲽鱼片

• a fillet of cod: 一片鳕鱼

• fillet steak: 无骨牛排

[V, T] 剔去（鱼、肉的）骨头；把（鱼、肉）切成片

Fin n. /fɪn/

1.（鱼的）鳍

2. 鳍状物，翼（车辆、航空器等用以保持平衡等的突出窄扁部分）

• tail fins: 垂直尾翼

Decay n. /dɪˈkeɪ/

1. [U] 腐烂；腐朽，指因自然原因或不加护理而被破坏的过程或结果

• tooth decay: 蛀牙

• The landlord had let the building fall into decay:

房东不管，房子已经破烂不堪。

• The smell of death and decay hung over the town:

城市上空弥漫着死亡和腐烂的气息。

2. [U] 社会、机构、制度等的渐进性破坏，衰败，衰退

• economic/moral/urban decay: 经济衰退；道德败坏；城市衰落

• the decay of the old industries: 旧工业的衰败

v. /dɪˈkeɪ/

1. [V] 逐渐被自然过程破坏；使某物腐烂，腐朽

• decaying leaves/teeth/food: 烂叶；蛀齿；腐烂食物

2. [V] （建筑、地方等）逐渐变得更糟；衰落，衰败

• decaying inner city areas: 衰败中的旧城区

3. [V] 力量、影响等逐渐减弱，失去对人们、社会等的影响力

• decaying standards of morality: 日趋低下的道德标准

Cartilage n. /ˈkɑːrtəlɪdʒ/

[UC] 强健的白色组织，对于支撑和特别是在关节中防止骨头相互摩擦非常重要，即软骨

Gill n. /ɡɪl/

n. [usually pl.] 鱼类头部侧面的呼吸器官之一，用于呼吸，即鳃

IDIOMS 习语

1. TO THE GILLS

   (informal) completely full（完全）满了，饱了；满满当当

   • I was stuffed to the gills with chocolate cake: 我吃巧克力蛋糕都撑到嗓子眼儿了。

n. 液体计量单位，一品脱等于四个及耳。

Convex adj. /ˈkɒnveks/

(of an outline or a surface外形或表面) curving out凸出的；凸面的

• a convex lens/mirror: 凸透镜；凸镜

OPP concave

DERIVATIVES 派生词

convexity

n. [U] /kɒnˈveksəti/ 凸度

Con·cave adj. /kɒnˈkeɪv/

( of an outline or a surface轮廓或表面 ) curving in凹的；凹面的

• a concave lens/mirror 凹透镜；凹镜

OPP convex

Tender adj. /ˈtendə(r)/

(comparative: more tender; superlative: most tender)

1. 亲切的；温柔的；慈爱的

• tender words: 亲切的话语

• What he needs now is a lot of tender loving care (= sympathetic treatment):

他现在需要的是充分的关心和爱护。

2. (食物) 嫩的；柔软的

• This meat is extremely tender: 这肉嫩得很。

OPP tough

3. (身体部位) 一触即痛的；疼痛的，疼痛的

4. 易损坏的；纤弱的；脆弱的

• tender young plants: 娇嫩的幼苗

IDIOMS 习语

1. at a tender age: 在少不更事的…岁时，在不谙世故的…岁上

• He left home at the tender age of 15: 他15岁离家，还少不更事。

• She shouldn't be having to deal with problems like this at such a tender age:

她小小年纪涉世未深，实在还不该处理这样的问题。

DERIVATIVES 派生词

1. tenderly

2. Tenderness n. [U]

Tender n. /ˈtendə(r)/

1. 投标

• Cleaning services have been put out to tender: 清扫工作已经对外招标。

• a competitive tender: 具有竞争力的投标

2. （蒸汽机车的）煤水车

3. （在大船和口岸之间载运人或货物的）供应船，补给船，交通船

Tender v. /ˈtendə(r)/

1. (投标) to make a formal offer to supply goods or do work at a stated price

• Local firms were invited to tender for the building contract: 当地的公司被邀请投标承包建筑工程。

2. (提出) to offer or give something to someone

• He has tendered his resignation to the Prime Minister:

他已向首相递交辞呈。

Trim v. /trɪm/ ( -mm- )

1. 修剪；修整

• to trim your hair: 理发

• to trim a hedge (back): 修剪树篱

(比喻)

• The training budget had been trimmed by £10,000:

培训预算削减了1万英镑。

2. 切掉，割掉，剪下，除去（不必要的部分）

• Trim any excess fat off the meat: 把多余的肥膘从肉上切掉。

• I trimmed two centimeters off the hem of the skirt:

我把裙子的下摆剪短了两厘米。

3. 装饰，修饰，点缀（尤指某物的边缘）

• gloves trimmed with fur: 毛皮镶边的手套

IDIOMS 习语

1. trim your sails

(1) 随风扬帆；见风转舵

(2) 减少开支；削减费用

PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词

1. trim down

to become smaller in size; to make something smaller

• Using the diet he's trimmed down from 90 kilos to 70:

通过控制饮食，他的体重从90公斤减到了70公斤。

Trim n. /trɪm/ ( -mm- )

1. （尤指毛发的）修剪

• a wash and trim: 洗头理发

• The hedge needs a trim: 这树篱得修剪了。

2. （衣服、家具、汽车等的）饰物，边饰，装饰配件

• The car is available with black or red trim (the colour of the seats):

这款汽车的座椅有黑红两种颜色。

• a blue jacket with a white trim: 镶有白边的蓝色上衣

IDIOMS 习语

1. in (good, etc.) trim

(非正式) 状态良好；健康极佳；井然有序

• He keeps in trim by running every day: 他每天跑步保持身体健康。

• The team needs to get in trim for the coming season:

这个球队需要为下个赛季做好准备。

Trim adj. /trɪm/

1. （指人）苗条的；修长的；健康优雅的

• She has kept very trim: 她的身材保持得很苗条。

• a trim figure: 修长的身材

2. 整齐的；精心照管的；井然有序的

同义词: well kept

• a trim garden: 精心管理的花园

Workload n. /ˈwɜːkləʊd/

the amount of work that has to be done by a particular person or organization

某一人或组织的）工作量，工作负担

• a heavy workload

沉重的工作负担

• We have taken on extra staff to cope with the increased workload.

我们已经额外雇用员工来应付增加了的工作量。

Knuckle n. /ˈnʌkl/

1. [C] any of the joints in the fingers, especially those connecting the fingers to the rest of the hand指节；指关节

2. (especially in NAmE also hock) [U] a piece of meat from the lower part of an animal's leg, especially a pig猪等动物的）肘，蹄

IDIOMS

1. near the knuckle

(BrE informal) (of a remark, joke, etc.) concerned with sex in a way that is likely to offend people or make them feel embarrassed

近乎下流；近乎猥亵

PHRASAL VERBS

1. knuckle down (to sth)

(informal) to begin to work hard at something

开始努力做

SYN get down to

• I'm going to have to knuckle down to some serious study.

我得开始认认真真地学习了。

2. knuckle under (to sb/sth)

(informal) to accept somebody else's authority 屈服；认输

Crev·ice n.  /ˈkrevɪs/

a narrow crack in a rock or wall（岩石或墙壁的）裂缝，裂隙，裂口

Skew v. /skjuː/

1. [VN] to change or influence something with the result that it is not accurate, fair, normal, etc.

歪曲；曲解；使不公允；影响…的准确性

• to skew the statistics

影响统计数字的准确性

2. [V + adv./prep.] (BrE) to move or lie at an angle, especially in a position that is not normal

偏离；歪斜

• The ball skewed off at a right angle.

球呈直角偏离弹了出去。

Membrane n. /ˈmembreɪn/ [C, U]

1. a thin layer of skin or tissue that connects or covers parts inside the body

（身体内的）膜

— see also mucous membrane

2. a very thin layer found in the structure of cells in plants

（植物的）细胞膜

3. a thin layer of material used to prevent air, liquid, etc. from entering a particular part of something

（可起防水、防风等作用的）膜状物

• a waterproof membrane防水薄膜

DERIVATIVES

membranous

adj. /ˈmembrənəs/ 膜的；膜状的

Delicate adj. /ˈdelɪkət/

1. easily damaged or broken

易损的；易碎的；脆弱的

SYN fragile

• delicate china teacups

易碎的瓷茶杯

• The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body.

眼睛是人体最娇贵的器官之一。

• the delicate ecological balance of the rainforest

热带雨林极易被破坏的生态平衡

• Babies have very delicate skin.婴儿的皮肤非常娇嫩。

• a cool wash cycle for delicate fabrics精细织物冷洗程序

2. (of a person) not strong and easily becoming ill/sick虚弱的；纤弱的

• a delicate child/constitution纤弱的孩子/体质

3. small and having a beautiful shape or appearance

纤细的；微小的；精美的；小巧玲珑的

• his delicate hands他纤细的手

4. made or formed in a very careful and detailed way

精致的；精细的；精密的

• the delicate mechanisms of a clock钟的精密机件

5. showing or needing skilful, careful or sensitive treatment

熟练的；需要技巧的；需要小心处理的；微妙的

• I admired your delicate handling of the situation.

我赞赏你应付这种局面的娴熟技巧。

• a delicate problem微妙的问题

• The delicate surgical operation took five hours.

这精细的外科手术花了五个小时。

6. (of colours, flavours and smells) light and pleasant; not strong

柔和的；清淡可口的；清香的

SYN subtle

• a delicate fragrance/flavour

清新的芳香；鲜美的味道

• a river scene painted in delicate watercolours

用柔和的水彩画的河景

DERIVATIVES

delicately

adv. • He stepped delicately over the broken glass.

他小心翼翼地跨过碎玻璃。

• delicately balanced flavours精心调配的味道

1. Budget - I need to create a budget for my monthly expenses.

(我需要为我的月度开销制定一个预算。)

2. Fabulous - The sunset view from the hilltop was absolutely fabulous. 

(山顶上的日落景色真是太棒了。)

3. Strait - The ship navigated through the narrow strait to reach the open sea.

(船只穿过狭窄的海峡进入开阔的海域。)

4. Jut - A rocky cliff jutted out into the ocean. (一座岩石悬崖突出到海洋中。)

5. Grater - She used a grater to grate some cheese for the recipe.

(她用磨碎器磨碎一些奶酪用于食谱。)

6. Fillet - The chef carefully prepared a salmon fillet for the main course.

 (厨师精心准备了一块三文鱼切片作为主菜。)

7. Fin - The shark gracefully swam through the water, its dorsal fin cutting through the surface. (鲨鱼优雅地在水中游动，它的背鳍划破水面。)

8. Decay - The abandoned house showed signs of decay and neglect.

(这座废弃的房屋显示出腐烂和荒废的迹象。)

9. Cartilage - Cartilage provides a cushioning effect between bones in the joints.

(软骨在关节中提供缓冲效果。)

10. Gill - Fish use their gills to extract oxygen from water.

 (鱼类利用鳃从水中提取氧气。)

11. Convex - The convex mirror in the parking lot helps drivers see around corners. (停车场的凸面镜帮助驾驶员看到拐角处。)

12. Concave - The concave shape of the bowl made it perfect for holding soup.

(碗的凹形使其非常适合盛汤。)

13. Tender - The meat was so tender that it melted in my mouth.

(肉质如此嫩滑，入口即化。)

14. Trim - She decided to trim her hair and get a new hairstyle.

(她决定修剪头发，换个新发型。)

15. Workload - The employees were overwhelmed with the heavy workload before the project deadline.

(在项目截止日期之前，员工们被沉重的工作负荷压得喘不过气来。)

16. Knuckle - He cracked his knuckle while playing basketball.

(他在打篮球时弄响了手指关节。)

17. Crevice - A small lizard disappeared into the crevice of the rock.

 (一只小蜥蜴消失在岩石的裂缝中。)

18. Skew - The picture on the wall was slightly skew and needed to be straightened. (墙上的图片稍微歪斜，需要拉直。)

19. Membrane - The cell membrane acts as a protective barrier for the cell. (细胞膜起着对细胞的保护屏障作用。)

20. Delicate - She handled the delicate china teacup with great care.

(她小心翼翼地拿着那个精美的中国茶杯。)

Complete sentence: The delicate china teacup slipped from her hands and shattered into pieces. (那个精美的中国茶杯从她手中滑落，摔成了碎片。)

Creating a fabulous dish doesn't have to break the budget. With a little creativity and some simple ingredients, anyone can prepare a meal that's both delicious and affordable. Take, for example, a simple fish fillet. By using a grater to zest some lemon and adding a sprinkle of herbs, you can elevate a basic fillet into something truly fabulous.

Now, imagine yourself standing on the edge of a cliff, overlooking the strait below. The water juts out into the open sea, and as the sun sets, the view is nothing short of breathtaking. The cliffs themselves show signs of decay, with the rocks weathered and worn, but their convex and concave shapes create a stunning natural beauty.

As you prepare the fish, you notice the delicate cartilage and fin, which must be handled with care. The fish's gills are still red from its recent swim, a sign of its freshness. With a tender touch, you trim any excess and carefully remove the bones. Despite the workload, the end result is worth it.

As you sit down to enjoy your meal, you can't help but marvel at the intricate details of the fish's membrane and the way it holds everything together. Every bite is a delight, and you savor the flavors lingering in every crevice of your mouth. This simple dish has proven that even with limited resources, one can create something truly extraordinary.

做一道美味的菜肴并不需要超出预算。只要有一点创意和一些简单的食材，任何人都可以做出既美味又实惠的饭菜。以一块简单的鱼片为例。用磨碎器磨一些柠檬皮，再加上一些香草，你就可以把一块基本的鱼片提升到真正的美味。

现在，想象你自己站在悬崖边上，俯瞰下面的海峡。海水延伸到开阔的大海，当太阳落山时，景色简直令人叹为观止。悬崖本身也有腐朽的迹象，岩石饱经风霜和磨损，但它们的凹凸形状创造了一种惊人的自然美。

当你准备鱼的时候，你会注意到它脆弱的软骨和鱼鳍，必须小心处理。这条鱼最近游过泳，它的腮仍然是红色的，这表明它很新鲜。用温柔的触摸，修剪任何多余的部分，小心地去除骨头。尽管工作量很大，但最终结果是值得的。

当你坐下来享用美食时，你会情不自禁地惊叹于鱼膜的复杂细节以及它将所有东西结合在一起的方式。每一口都是一种愉悦，你细细品味着在你口中的每一个缝隙中挥之不去的味道。这道简单的菜已经证明，即使资源有限，人们也可以做出真正非凡的东西。