Vue3各种方式项目搭建npm、cnpm、pnpm、cli3\vite、VSCode软件安装汉化中文课件教程

本文主要是介绍Vue3各种方式项目搭建npm、cnpm、pnpm、cli3\vite、VSCode软件安装汉化中文课件教程，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

@TOC

第03节 VUE3环境搭建

[教学内容]

(一)环境搭建

A、传统安装

1、下载源码

如果仅仅只是在项目或者某个文件中简单的使用vue，就可以直接在html中引入如下链接

<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>

可以复制上面的地址到浏览器打开源代码，并复制全部源代码，保存为本地文件js文件，加入到项目中就可以使用了

2、创建项目

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ch">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>VUE3</title><script src="vue.global.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="counter">Counter: {{ counter }}
</div>
</body>
<script>const App = {data() {return {counter: 0}},mounted() {setInterval(() => {this.counter++}, 1000)}}Vue.createApp(App).mount('#counter')
</script>
</html>

B、CLI安装

1、安装Node

安装Node.js，下载地址：

http://nodejs.cn/download/

查看Node版本

node -v

查看npm版本

npm -v

设置镜像

npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org --global

查看正在使用的镜像

npm get registry

如果没有切换成功可以手动切换

npx nrm use taobao

2、npm安装CLI

如果之前本地有安装vue2.x的脚手架需要先进行卸载

npm uninstall vue-cli -g

安装vue3

npm install @vue/cli -g

上面两句命令也可以合并一行执行

npm uninstall vue-cli -g && npm install @vue/cli -g

如果需要升级vue

npm update -g @vue/cli

查看vue版本(大V)

vue -V

3、cnpm安装cli

也可以使用cnpm来代替npm

npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

cnpm是中国 npm 镜像的客户端

以后就可以使用cnpm来安装插件了

查看cnpm版本信息

cnpm -v

安装CLI脚手架

cnpm uninstall -g vue-cli && cnpm install -g @vue/cli

查看vue版本(大V)

vue -V

4、pnpm安装CLI

pnpm速度比npm更快，可以使用npm的所有命令

安装pnpm

npm install -g pnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

查看pnpm版本

pnpm -v

安装 @vue/cli

pnpm install -g @vue/cli

查看vue版本(大V)

vue -V

5、yarn安装CLI

安装yarn

npm install -g yarn --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

查看yarn版本

yarn -v

安装CLI

yarn global add @vue/cli

6、CLI命令行创建项目

切换到项目路径

D:

cd C:\Users\star\WebstormProjects

创建项目

vue create project02

使用上下键切换选项

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: (Use arrow keys)Default ([Vue 2] babel, eslint)						使用默认配置自动vue2项目Default (Vue 3 Preview) ([Vue 3] babel, eslint)		使用默认配置自动vue3项目
> Manually select features								自定义创建项目

重点讲一下自定义创建项目

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features		请选择
? Check the features needed for your project: (Press <space> to select, <a> to toggle all, <i> to invert selection)												空格键选择，a键全选，i键反选
>(*) Choose Vue version									是否自定义选择vue版本(*) Babel												是否使用babel以支持ES6等语言(*) TypeScript											是否使用TypeScripyt(*) Progressive Web App (PWA) Support					PWA渐进式web app支持(*) Router												路由插件(*) Vuex												vue状态管理插件(*) CSS Pre-processors									CSS预处理插件(*) Linter / Formatter									代码 / 格式检查插件(*) Unit Testing										是否开启单元测试(*) E2E Testing										支持 E2E 测试

输入y回车

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, PWA, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Lint
er, Unit, E2E
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with2.x
> 3.x (Preview)											选择3

输入y回车

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, PWA, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Lint
er, Unit, E2E
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use class-style component syntax? (y/N) y				输入y

输入y回车

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, PWA, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Lint
er, Unit, E2E
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use class-style component syntax? Yes
? Use Babel alongside TypeScript (required for modern mode, auto-detected polyfills, transpiling JSX)? (Y/n) y

输入y回车

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, PWA, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Lint
er, Unit, E2E
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use class-style component syntax? Yes
? Use Babel alongside TypeScript (required for modern mode, auto-detected polyfills, transpiling JSX)? Yes
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in production) (Y/n) y

选择CSS预处理方式

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, PWA, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Lint
er, Unit, E2E
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use class-style component syntax? Yes
? Use Babel alongside TypeScript (required for modern mode, auto-detected polyfills, transpiling JSX)? Yes
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in production) Yes
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default): (Use arrow keys)
> Sass/SCSS (with dart-sass)Sass/SCSS (with node-sass)LessStylus

选择格式校验模式

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, PWA, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Lint
er, Unit, E2E
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use class-style component syntax? Yes
? Use Babel alongside TypeScript (required for modern mode, auto-detected polyfills, transpiling JSX)? Yes
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in production) Yes
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default): Sass/SCSS (with dart-sass)
? Pick a linter / formatter config: (Use arrow keys)ESLint with error prevention only				仅错误预防ESLint + Airbnb config						Airbnb配置ESLint + Standard config						标准配置
> ESLint + Prettier								两者同时用TSLint (deprecated)							TS的格式检查

选择检查方式

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, PWA, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Lint
er, Unit, E2E
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use class-style component syntax? Yes
? Use Babel alongside TypeScript (required for modern mode, auto-detected polyfills, transpiling JSX)? Yes
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in production) Yes
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default): Sass/SCSS (with dart-sass)
? Pick a linter / formatter config: Prettier
? Pick additional lint features: (Press <space> to select, <a> to toggle all, <i> to invert selection)
>(*) Lint on save								保存时检查( ) Lint and fix on commit (requires Git)		提交时检查

选择单元测试

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, PWA, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Lint
er, Unit, E2E
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use class-style component syntax? Yes
? Use Babel alongside TypeScript (required for modern mode, auto-detected polyfills, transpiling JSX)? Yes
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in production) Yes
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default): Sass/SCSS (with dart-sass)
? Pick a linter / formatter config: Prettier
? Pick additional lint features: Lint on save
? Pick a unit testing solution: (Use arrow keys)
> Mocha + ChaiJest

选择E2E端对端测试测试

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, PWA, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Lint
er, Unit, E2E
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use class-style component syntax? Yes
? Use Babel alongside TypeScript (required for modern mode, auto-detected polyfills, transpiling JSX)? Yes
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in production) Yes
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default): Sass/SCSS (with dart-sass)
? Pick a linter / formatter config: Prettier
? Pick additional lint features: Lint on save
? Pick a unit testing solution: Mocha
? Pick an E2E testing solution: (Use arrow keys)Cypress (Chrome only)Nightwatch (WebDriver-based)
> WebdriverIO (WebDriver/DevTools based)

选择测试浏览器

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, PWA, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Lint
er, Unit, E2E
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use class-style component syntax? Yes
? Use Babel alongside TypeScript (required for modern mode, auto-detected polyfills, transpiling JSX)? Yes
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in production) Yes
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default): Sass/SCSS (with dart-sass)
? Pick a linter / formatter config: Prettier
? Pick additional lint features: Lint on save
? Pick a unit testing solution: Mocha
? Pick an E2E testing solution: WebdriverIO
? Pick browsers to run end-to-end test on 
> ChromeFireFox

选择 Babel, PostCSS, ESLint 等自定义配置的存放位置

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, PWA, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Lint
er, Unit, E2E
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use class-style component syntax? Yes
? Use Babel alongside TypeScript (required for modern mode, auto-detected polyfills, transpiling JSX)? Yes
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in production) Yes
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default): Sass/SCSS (with dart-sass)
? Pick a linter / formatter config: Prettier
? Pick additional lint features: Lint on save
? Pick a unit testing solution: Mocha
? Pick an E2E testing solution: WebdriverIO
? Pick browsers to run end-to-end test on 
> Chrome
? Where do you prefer placing config for Babel, ESLint, etc.? (Use arrow keys)
> In dedicated config files						在专用的配置文件中In package.json

是否保存为预设

Vue CLI v4.5.12
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, PWA, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Lint
er, Unit, E2E
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use class-style component syntax? Yes
? Use Babel alongside TypeScript (required for modern mode, auto-detected polyfills, transpiling JSX)? Yes
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in production) Yes
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default): Sass/SCSS (with dart-sass)
? Pick a linter / formatter config: Prettier
? Pick additional lint features: Lint on save
? Pick a unit testing solution: Mocha
? Pick an E2E testing solution: WebdriverIO
? Pick browsers to run end-to-end test on Chrome
? Where do you prefer placing config for Babel, ESLint, etc.? In dedicated config files
? Save this as a preset for future projects? (y/N) n

如果报错,管理员权限打开执行：

npm install --global --production windows-build-tools

完成后开始安装cli插件

Vue CLI v4.5.12
✨  Creating project in C:\Users\star\WebstormProjects\project02.
⚙️  Installing CLI plugins. This might take a while...

安装成功后

...
added 53 packages from 36 contributors in 9.62s74 packages are looking for fundingrun `npm fund` for details⚓  Running completion hooks...📄  Generating README.md...🎉  Successfully created project project02.
👉  Get started with the following commands:$ cd project03$ npm run serve

7、图形界面创建项目

vue ui

过程如上，只是全部操作在浏览器中都有图形界面

5、安装运行

cd project04
npm run serve

C、webpack安装

1、安装cli-init

npm i -g @vue/cli-init

2、创建项目

vue init webpack project05

选择选项

? Project name project05
? Project description A Vue.js project
? Author
? Vue build standalone
? Install vue-router? Yes
? Use ESLint to lint your code? Yes
? Pick an ESLint preset Standard
? Set up unit tests Yes
? Pick a test runner jest
? Setup e2e tests with Nightwatch? Yes
? Should we run `npm install` for you after the project has been created? (recommended) npm

完成后

# Project initialization finished!
# ========================To get started:cd project05npm run devDocumentation can be found at https://vuejs-templates.github.io/webpack

3、安装运行

cd project05
npm run dev

D、Vite安装

Vite是一个 web 开发构建工具，由于其原生 ES 模块导入方式，可以实现闪电般的冷服务器启动。可以使用 Vite 快速构建 Vue 项目。

1、创建项目

npm init @vitejs/app project06

选择一个模板

? Select a template: ...vanilla
> vuevue-tsreactreact-tspreactpreact-tslit-elementlit-element-tssveltesvelte-ts

2、安装运行

cd project06
npm install
npm run dev

当然也可以直接指定模板安装

# npm 6.x
npm init @vitejs/app my-vue-app --template vue

支持的模板预设包括：

vanilla
vue
vue-ts
react
react-ts
preact
preact-ts
lit-element
lit-element-ts

E、Vite-yarn安装

使用yarn创建项目

yarn create @vitejs/app project07

选择模板

? Select a template: ...vanilla
> vuevue-tsreactreact-tspreactpreact-tslit-elementlit-element-tssveltesvelte-ts

完成之后

cd project07
yarn
yarn dev

(二)开发软件

A、安装VSCode

1、下载安装

下载地址

https://code.visualstudio.com/

2、设置中文

按快捷键ctrl + shift + p在弹出来的窗口中输入configure display language选中回车，在左边列出来的列表中选择Chinese安装即可。最后重启VSCode生效。

B、安装插件

安装完成后打开，并安装Vetur插件

1、安装Vetur插件

Vetur插件是Vue官方提供的VSCode完美支持Vue的插件，提供对Vue语法良好支持。包括语法高亮、语法代码提示、语法lint检测等

点击VSCode节目最左边的最下面的图标

输入vetur后，在搜索出来的列表中选择vetur右下角的安装按钮即可安装。

使用快捷键：

Alt+Shift+F （格式化全文）
Ctrl+K Ctrl+F（格式化选中代码，两个Ctrl需要同时按着）

常用的插件还有几个

Path Intellisense(必备)
自动提示文件路径，支持各种快速引入文件
Prettier - Code formatter(必备)
代码格式化
open in browser (必备)
支持快捷键与鼠标右键快速在浏览器中打开html文件
npm Intellisense(node必备)
import、require npm模块是自动补全
IntelliSense for CSS class names (推荐)
智能提示 css 的 class 名
Class autocomplete for HTML(必备)

智能提示HTML class =“”属性
HTML Snippets (必备)

智能提示HTML标签，以及标签含义
HTML CSS Support(必备)
让 html 标签上写class 智能提示当前项目所支持的样式
Auto Close Tag(必备)
自动闭合HTML/XML标签
Auto Rename Tag(必备)
自动完成另一侧标签的同步修改
GitLens (使用git的必备)
Git提示，方便查看git日志，git重度使用者必备
Vue VSCode Snippets(Vue必备)
Vue 语法片段扩展
Beautify (必备)

格式化 html ,js,css，快捷键ctrl + b
JavaScript(ES6) code snippets(必备)
ES6语法智能提示以及快速输入，除js外还支持.ts，.jsx，.tsx，.html，.vue，省去了配置其支持各种包含js代码文件的时间
Bracket Pair Colorizer(必备)
给括号加上不同的颜色，便于区分不同的区块，使用者可以定义不同括号类型和不同颜色
jQuery Code Snippets (推荐)

jQuery代码智能提示
ESLint (推荐)

js语法纠错，可以自定义配置，不过配置较为复杂，建议使用网上一些广泛使用的eslint配置

language-stylus(推荐)
stylus语法支持

C、导入项目

打开 vscode 工具 , 文件 - 打开文件夹，选择项目所在的路径

按 Ctrl + ~ 键 ( Esc 下面的那个 ) 调出终端，执行相关命令即可

(三)Vue3项目简介

这里使用Vite创建项目，目录结构：

- node_modules
- public
- src|- assets|-logo.png|- components|- HelloWord.vue|- APP.vue|- main.js
- index.html
- package-lock.json
- package.json
- vite.config.js|- router|  |- index.js|- views|- Home.vue|- Contact.vue

APP.vue代码说明：

<template><!-- 直接使用HelloWorld组件 --><HelloWorld msg="Vue 3 + Vite" ref="hw"/>  <!-- hw在这里代表HelloWorld组件 -->
</template><script setup>import { onMounted, ref } from 'vue'import HelloWorld from './components/HelloWorld.vue'   // import导入组件后可以直接在模板种使用const hw = ref(null)onMounted(()=>{// ref属性引用的数据在setup种还没有初始化，可以在mounted中使用hw.value.exposeMethod() // 使用组件中暴露出来的API函数})
</script>

Helleworld代码说明

<template><h1>{{ msg }}</h1><button @click="state.count++">count is: {{ state.count }}</button><button @click="myClick()">count is: {{ state.count }}</button>
</template><script setup>// 1、import导入定义组件输入功能和响应式函数import { defineProps, reactive } from 'vue'		// 2、自定义组件输入属性，可在外部组件直接使用const props = defineProps({msg: String})// 3、自定义组件事件，可在外部组件直接使用const emit = defineEmit(["testClick"])// 组件中使用自定义事件"testClick"const myClick = () => {emit("testClick")}// 4、将数据变成响应式数据，当数据发生变化时UI也会自动更新，reactive是用于复杂数据类型，ref用于基本数据类型const state = reactive({ count: 0 })// 5、引用上下文(常用函数有：attrs、slots、emit、expose)const context = useContext()context.emit("testClick")// 自定义暴露对象，可供外部组件使用context.expose({exposeMethod(){console.log("组件暴露的API")}})
</script>

vite.config.js代码说明：

import { defineConfig } from 'vite'		// 配置智能感知，可以获得配置项的代码提示功能
import vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue'// https://vitejs.dev/config/
export default defineConfig({plugins: [vue()]
})