本文主要是介绍LayoutInflater源码分析,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
前言
最近又遇到RecyclerView的item最外层布局参数失效的问题,之前都没有去了解真正的原因,现在正好有空探寻一下这个问题,就从了解源码开始吧。
View的inflate()
平时我经常使用View.inflate(),它是View的一个静态方法,看到源码:
public static View inflate(Context context, @LayoutRes int resource, ViewGroup root) {LayoutInflater factory = LayoutInflater.from(context);return factory.inflate(resource, root);}
其中调用了LayoutInflater的静态方法from():
/*** Obtains the LayoutInflater from the given context.*/public static LayoutInflater from(Context context) {LayoutInflater LayoutInflater =(LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);if (LayoutInflater == null) {throw new AssertionError("LayoutInflater not found.");}return LayoutInflater;}
这里根据上下文,从系统获取了一个LayoutInfalter的实例对象。
LayoutInflater的infalte()
然后接着上面,用这个获取的对象去调用LayoutInfalter的inflate():
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root) {return inflate(resource, root, root != null);}public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {final Resources res = getContext().getResources();if (DEBUG) {Log.d(TAG, "INFLATING from resource: \"" + res.getResourceName(resource) + "\" ("+ Integer.toHexString(resource) + ")");}final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);try {return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);} finally {parser.close();}}
其中可以看到获取了一个xml解析器,获取解析器的时候把要填充的xml的ID作为了参数,然后又去调用了一个inflate()的重载:
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");final Context inflaterContext = mContext;final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;// 假设该方法返回的结果为根View, 即方法参数rootView result = root;try {// Look for the root node.int type;while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {// Empty}if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()+ ": No start tag found!");}final String name = parser.getName();if (DEBUG) {System.out.println("**************************");System.out.println("Creating root view: "+ name);System.out.println("**************************");}if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {// 如果要填充的xml根布局为merge标签if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {// 如果root为空或者不需要将创建出来的View添加到root中直接会抛异常throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "+ "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");}// 创建并填充子ViewrInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);} else {// Temp is the root view that was found in the xml// 根据xml,创建对应的View,叫tempfinal View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;if (root != null) {// 如果传进来的root不为空if (DEBUG) {System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +root);}// Create layout params that match root, if supplied// 那么根据xml中配置的属性,去获取布局参数params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);if (!attachToRoot) {// Set the layout params for temp if we are not// attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)// 如果temp不需要被添加到root中,就给他设置布局参数temp.setLayoutParams(params);}}if (DEBUG) {System.out.println("-----> start inflating children");}// Inflate all children under temp against its context.// 创建并填充子ViewrInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);if (DEBUG) {System.out.println("-----> done inflating children");}// We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)// to root. Do that now.if (root != null && attachToRoot) {// 如果root不为空,并且temp需要被添加到root中// 那就把temp添加到root中root.addView(temp, params);}// Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the// top view found in xml.if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {// root为空或者temp不需要被添加到root中// 那么该方法返回的View就是temp// 否则返回rootresult = temp;}}} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {final InflateException ie = new InflateException(e.getMessage(), e);ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);throw ie;} catch (Exception e) {final InflateException ie = new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()+ ": " + e.getMessage(), e);ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);throw ie;} finally {// Don't retain static reference on context.mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;mConstructorArgs[1] = null;Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);}return result;}}
以上的这个方法信息量很大,我写了很多中文注释在代码中。
关于方法返回值
我们可以知道,如果root为空或者我当前要创建的View不需要添加到root中,那么返回的就是我要创建的View,反之返回的是root。
外层布局失效的问题
我写的代码是这样的View view = View.inflate(context, R.layout.item_pic, null);
,然后根据函数调用链:
// 第一步:
View view = View.inflate(context, R.layout.item_pic, null);
// 第二步
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root) {// 就变成了infalte(R.layout.item_pic, null, false);return inflate(resource, root, root != null);
}
……
// 最后就进入了上面的方法
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot){……
}
因为我最初传入的root就是空啊,所以我最后只是创建了View,返回了View 但是没有给他设置布局参数,所以出现外层布局失效的问题。
那我创建RecyclerView的item时,直接把RecyclerView作为参数root传进去可以吗?答案是不行的,因为这样的话调用inflate()的时候是这样的:inflate(resource, recyclerView, true)
。然后你创建了View,并且把它添加到了RecyclerView。然而RecyclerView接收到你返回的View之后,还会自动把它添加到本身,这样又会出现重复添加的问题:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: The specified child already has a parent. You must call removeView() on the child’s parent first
最佳解决方案就是直接使用LayoutInflater:View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item_pic, recyclerView, false);
这样的话,回去看下inflate()中的逻辑,发现view会被设置布局参数,并且不会直接被添加到recyclerView中。
LayoutInflater的createViewFromTag()
在inflate()中使用createViewFromTag()去创建xml对应的View,以下是主要代码:
View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {……try {View view;// 可以设置LayoutInflater的Factory来自行解析View,默认这些Factory都为空if (mFactory2 != null) {view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);} else if (mFactory != null) {view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);} else {view = null;}if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);}if (view == null) {// 没有Factory的情况下,通过LayoutInflater的onCreateView()或者createView()去创建Viewfinal Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];mConstructorArgs[0] = context;try {if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {// 创建原生的View// 会在onCreateView()的函数调用链中补充前缀"android.view."// 最终也会调用createView()view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);} else {// 创建自定义View// 我们在xml里写的都是全类名,标签中包含"."view = createView(name, null, attrs);}} finally {mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;}}return view;} ……}
以上说到的Factory,我之前在TintContextWrapper强转Activity失败原因深度探索分析到过,当我们使用AppCompatActivity时,会设置Factory2为AppCompatViewInflater,然后View都会走AppCompatViewInflater的createView()。
LayoutInflater的createView():
/*** Low-level function for instantiating a view by name. This attempts to* instantiate a view class of the given <var>name</var> found in this* LayoutInflater's ClassLoader.* * <p>* There are two things that can happen in an error case: either the* exception describing the error will be thrown, or a null will be* returned. You must deal with both possibilities -- the former will happen* the first time createView() is called for a class of a particular name,* the latter every time there-after for that class name.* * @param name The full name of the class to be instantiated.* @param attrs The XML attributes supplied for this instance.* * @return View The newly instantiated view, or null.*/public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {// 从缓存中获取View的构造函数Constructor<? extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);if (constructor != null && !verifyClassLoader(constructor)) {constructor = null;sConstructorMap.remove(name);}Class<? extends View> clazz = null;try {Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, name);if (constructor == null) {// 如果缓存中没有需要的构造函数// Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it// 如果prefix不为空,那么构造完整View路径,并且加载该类clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);if (!allowed) {failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);}}// 从Class对象中获取构造函数constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);constructor.setAccessible(true);// 将构造函数存入缓存中sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);} else {// If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructorif (mFilter != null) {// Have we seen this name before?Boolean allowedState = mFilterMap.get(name);if (allowedState == null) {// New class -- remember whether it is allowedclazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);boolean allowed = clazz != null && mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);mFilterMap.put(name, allowed);if (!allowed) {failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);}} else if (allowedState.equals(Boolean.FALSE)) {failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);}}}Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;args[1] = attrs;// 通过反射构造Viewfinal View view = constructor.newInstance(args);if (view instanceof ViewStub) {// Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later.// 如果是ViewStub,延迟加载final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0]));}return view;}……}
对于创建View使用反射其实我比较疑惑,方法注释说的是这个createView()是低版本上使用的方法,用来从类加载器中加载给定的View。后来我百度了下,可能是为了实现全局换肤这种类似的操作。
LayoutInflater的rInflate()
通过createViewFromTag()创建了View之后,只是创建了根布局的View,那其中的子View呢,回顾inflate()中的代码,我们会发现rInflate()和rInflateChildren()这两个方法,rInflateChildren()调用的还是rInflate():
void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {// 获取树的深度final int depth = parser.getDepth();int type;// 深度优先遍历while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {continue;}final String name = parser.getName();// 解析标签if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);} else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);} else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");}// 解析inclued标签parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs);} else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {// merge标签只能是根布局// 到了这里说明不是根布局,抛出异常throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");} else {// 创建Viewfinal View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs);final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;// 创建布局参数final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);// 递归地去遍历子树rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true);// 将创建的View加入父布局viewGroup.addView(view, params);}}if (finishInflate) {parent.onFinishInflate();}}
布局优化总结
从以上的源码分析,我们其实可以得出如下结论:
用merge标签作为填充的xml的根布局时,必须指定一个父元素并且设置attachToRoot属性为true。
我们通常使用ViewStub来做预加载处理,来改善页面加载速度和提高流畅性。
include标签用来复用布局。
在分析源码到用反射创建View的时候,我发现了一篇比较不错的文章Android 中LayoutInflater(布局加载器)系列博文说明。
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