商务英语 [初入职场]

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👨‍🏫 商务英语（初入职场电子书PDF）提取码：t9ri

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💝术语翻译

💝 368号作文

😴 找工作

Handling job interviews is probably the most critical part of the whole job searching process. How do you make your job interview successful? Answer this question within 150-200 words.

Handling job interviews is indeed a crucial aspect of the entire job searching process. To ensure a successful interview, one must prepare adequately and present themselves confidently.

求职面试的确是整个求职过程中至关重要的一个方面。为了确保面试成功，一个人必须做好充分的准备并表现得自信。

Firstly, research about the company and the position you are applying for is essential. This will not only show your interest in the company but also help you understand what the company expects from its employees. Secondly, practice common interview questions with a friend or family member. This will help you to be more comfortable and confident during the actual interview.

首先，研究一下公司和你申请的职位是很重要的。这不仅能显示出你对公司的兴趣，还能帮助你了解公司对员工的期望。其次，和朋友或家人一起练习一些常见的面试问题。这会让你在实际的面试中更自在、更自信。

During the interview, maintain eye contact, sit up straight, and speak clearly. Dress appropriately and arrive on time. It’s also important to listen carefully to the interviewer’s questions and answer them honestly and concisely.

在面试过程中，保持眼神交流，坐直，说话清晰。穿着得体，准时到达。仔细倾听面试官的问题，诚实而简洁地回答问题也很重要。

Lastly, don’t forget to ask questions about the company and the position. This will show your enthusiasm and eagerness to learn more about the job.

最后，别忘了问一些关于公司和职位的问题。这会显示出你对这份工作的热情和渴望。

In conclusion, a successful job interview requires adequate preparation, confidence, and good communication skills. By following these tips, one can increase their chances of impressing the interviewer and securing the job.

总之，成功的面试需要充分的准备、自信和良好的沟通技巧。通过遵循这些建议，你可以增加给面试官留下深刻印象并获得工作的机会。

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😴 商务礼仪

business etiquette is in essence about building relationships with people in business world. What are the benefits of using the correct etiquette? Can you share some guidelines of good etiquette in a working place within 150~180 words.

Business etiquette is crucial for establishing and maintaining positive relationships in the professional world. It not only reflects one’s personal and professional image but also influences the success of business deals and collaborations.

商务礼仪对于在职场中建立和维持积极的人际关系至关重要。它不仅反映了一个人的个人和职业形象，也影响了商业交易和合作的成功。

The benefits of using correct etiquette are manifold. Firstly, it helps in building trust and respect among colleagues, clients, and partners. Secondly, it promotes clear communication, reducing misunderstandings and conflicts. Thirdly, it enhances the overall work environment, making it more pleasant and productive. Lastly, it can lead to better career opportunities as employers often value employees who exhibit good manners and professional conduct.

使用正确礼仪的好处是多方面的。首先，它有助于在同事、客户和合作伙伴之间建立信任和尊重。其次，它促进了清晰的沟通，减少了误解和冲突。第三，它改善了整体工作环境，使其更加愉快和富有成效。最后，它可以带来更好的职业机会，因为雇主通常看重那些表现出良好举止和职业操守的员工。

In a working place, some guidelines of good etiquette include being punctual, dressing appropriately, using respectful language, actively listening, avoiding interruptions, maintaining eye contact during conversations, showing gratitude, and respecting personal boundaries. These practices not only show consideration for others but also contribute to a harmonious and efficient workplace.

在工作场所，一些良好的礼仪准则包括守时，穿着得体，使用尊重的语言，积极倾听，避免打断，在谈话中保持目光接触，表达感激之情，尊重个人界限。这些做法不仅表现出对他人的体贴，也有助于营造一个和谐高效的工作场所。

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😴 市场4P

“The four Ps” form the basis of the marketing mix. If you want to market a product successfully, you need to get this mix right. Then what are referred to as “the four Ps” of marketing? If you were to specialize in one of the elements, which one would you choose and why Give your answers within 150-200 words.

Title: The Four Ps of Marketing and My Specialization

标题：市场营销的四个P和我的专长

The four Ps of marketing - Product, Price, Place, and Promotion - form the foundation of any successful marketing strategy. These elements work together to create a comprehensive approach to reaching and engaging customers.

营销的4p——产品(Product)、价格(Price)、地点(Place)和促销(Promotion)——构成了任何成功营销策略的基础。这些要素共同创造了一种全面的方法来接触和吸引客户。

Product: This refers to the goods or services being offered. A strong product should fulfill a need or solve a problem for the target audience.

产品：指提供的商品或服务。一个强大的产品应该满足目标受众的需求或解决问题。

Price: Pricing strategy plays a crucial role in attracting and retaining customers. The right price should strike a balance between profitability and affordability for the target market.

价格：定价策略在吸引和留住客户方面起着至关重要的作用。合适的价格应该在目标市场的盈利能力和可负担性之间取得平衡。

Place: This element involves selecting the most appropriate channels for distributing and selling the product, such as online, retail stores, or direct sales.

地点:这一要素包括选择最合适的渠道来分销和销售产品，如在线、零售商店或直接销售。

Promotion: This encompasses all marketing activities aimed at raising awareness and interest in the product, such as advertising, public relations, and social media.

促销:这包括所有旨在提高产品意识和兴趣的营销活动，如广告、公共关系和社交媒体。

If I had to specialize in one of the four Ps, I would choose Promotion. This is because I believe that effective communication is essential for any successful marketing strategy. By understanding the target audience and crafting compelling messages, I can help businesses connect with their customers and drive sales.

如果我必须在四个p中选择一个，我会选择推广。这是因为我相信有效的沟通对于任何成功的营销策略都是必不可少的。通过了解目标受众和制作引人注目的信息，我可以帮助企业与他们的客户建立联系并推动销售。

Unit 1 Job-seeking

✨ 单词

• recruitment n. 招聘
• physical adj. 有形的;物质的
• profitability n. 盈利
• launch vt. 将(新产品等)投放市场
• budget n. 预算
• account for 占(一定数量或比例)
• key adj. 极重要的
• Super Bowl 超级碗(美国国家橄榄球联盟的年度冠军赛)
• scan vt. 浏览
• post vt. (在网上)公布消息，发帖子
• speed up (使)加快速度
• accuracy n. 准确性
• filter n. 过滤程序
• revenue n. (also revenues) 收益
• human resources department n. 人力资源部
• qualification n. 资格，资历
• tricky adj. 棘手的
• feasiable adj. 可行的
• approach the problem 解决问题
• one-on-one interview 一对一面试
• case interview 案例面试
• behavioral interview 行为面试

🍁 课文

⭐ Monster.com , the pioneer of online recruitment, shows how electronic marketplaces reach more people and can offer more efficiency than physical markets. It also shows that money can be made in such markets:Monster has a long record of profitability.
⭐ Jeff Taylor, who launched the site in 1994, says that the Monster. com name is the firm’s“single most important success factor”. It introduces an image of youthful fun in what is basically a boring business. Supporting the brand is a big advertising budget which accounts for a quarter of the firm’s costs. He runs expensive ads during key sporting events such as the Super Bowl.
⭐ Job-seekers supply resumes and employers pay to scan them or to post job ads. Most of the services that job-seekers get are free, but they have to pay for a service that allows them to contact each other for advice and career management. They can use this service to ask each other questions about, say, what it is like to work for a firm that they are thinking of joining.
⭐ The main contribution of Monster has been to speed up hiring and vastly increase the accuracy of the job-searching process.“You can post a job at 2 pm and get your first response at 2.01, ”Mr Taylor says proudly. And an employer who knows exactly what he wants can use Monster’s filters to search vast numbers of resumes with precise accuracy. Monster is a serious threat to newspapers, which historically made 40%of their revenues from carrying ads, up to half of which were for staff. Headhunting firms have also lost business, because demand for their help in filling lower-level jobs has fallen.
⭐ The online job market works well for workers and employers who know what they want. It works badly for people who are unsure. Check that your resume says clearly what kind of job you want. The filters will then make sure that it reaches the right human resources departments.

⭐ Monster.com是在线招聘的先驱，它展示了电子市场如何接触到更多的人，并比实体市场提供更高的效率。这也表明了在这样的市场上可以赚钱：Monster有着长期的盈利记录。
⭐ 杰夫·泰勒于1994年创建了这个网站，他说“怪物”。com名称是该公司“最重要的成功因素”。它介绍了一个年轻有趣的形象，这基本上是一个无聊的行业。支持品牌是一项庞大的广告预算，占公司成本的四分之一。他在超级碗等重要体育赛事期间投放昂贵的广告。
⭐ 求职者提供简历，雇主付费扫描简历或发布招聘广告。求职者获得的大多数服务都是免费的，但他们必须付费购买一项服务，该服务允许他们相互联系，寻求建议和职业管理。他们可以使用这项服务互相询问问题，比如为他们想加入的公司工作是什么感觉。
⭐ Monster的主要贡献是加快了招聘速度，大大提高了求职过程的准确性。泰勒先生自豪地说：“你可以在下午2点发布一份工作，并在2点01分得到第一次回复。”。一个确切知道自己想要什么的雇主可以使用Monster的过滤器准确地搜索大量简历。Monster对报纸来说是一个严重的威胁，历史上，报纸40%的收入来自于刊登广告，其中多达一半是为员工提供的。猎头公司也失去了业务，因为对他们帮助填补低级别职位的需求下降了。
⭐ 对于知道自己想要什么的员工和雇主来说，在线就业市场运作良好。它对那些不确定的人来说效果很差。检查你的简历是否清楚地表明你想要什么样的工作。然后过滤器将确保它到达正确的人力资源部门。

🌸 练习

🍻 BIZ knowledge

在求职过程中，你可以参加不同类型的面试。了解每种类型的面试内容可以帮助你更好地准备面试。以下是三种最常见的面试类型。
⭐ 传统的一对一面试
对于一对一的面试，已经确定你具备该职位所需的技能和教育背景。面试的重点是确定你提供的信息是否可靠，你是否适合公司，以及你的技能和资格将如何使公司受益。所以，你通常会列出一系列关于资历、工作经验、知识和期望的问题，比如“你在上一份工作中的职责是什么？”或者“你认为自己在五年内会达到什么水平？”在一对一的面试中，你的目标是给面试官留下一个好印象，让他们相信你是多么可靠和合格。
⭐ 个案访谈
个案访谈尤其具有挑战性。这里发生的是面试官提出了一个问题。
然后用一系列问题来找出候选人将如何处理这个问题。为了给你一个概念，它可能是这样的：X公司希望在不超过其当前预算（200万美元）的情况下，将其每年招聘的大学毕业生数量增加50%。你会建议他们怎么做？这会让应聘者处于一个非常不舒服的位置，因为他们实际上被要求做几件事——证明他们能够逻辑地分析问题，提出可行的解决方案，并与面试官进行有效的沟通。所以这是一种压力很大的面试形式。
⭐ 行为面试
它旨在发现候选人在某些情况下的实际表现，尤其是在棘手的情况下。这些问题通常是基于候选人自己过去的经历。一个典型的问题可能是“你能给我举个例子，说明你不得不服从你不同意的命令的情况吗？”这会给候选人带来压力，因为他们必须找到一个好的例子，他们必须进行谈话。所以它打开了很多信息，面试官可以更多地看到坐在对面的人。

Unit 2 Business etiquette

✨ 单词

• etiquette n. 礼节，规矩
• distract vt. 使分心
• University of Surrey （英国）萨里大学
• breach n. 违反
• collaboration n. 合作
• protocol n. 礼仪
• courtesy n. 礼貌
• stuffy adj. 古板的
• junior adj. 资历较浅的
• dramatic adj. 显著的

🌸 练习

Unit 3 Companies

✨ 单词

• workhorse n. 主力
• joint-stock company n. 股份公司
• durable adj. 持久的
• The New Industrial State 《新工业国》
• hierarchical adj. 分等级的
• bureaucratic adj. 官僚的
• standardise vt. 使……标准化
• regularity n. 规律性
• customise vt. 定制
• flatten vt. 使扁平化
• takeover n. 收购，接管
• couple n. 一些；几个
• decade n. 十年
• merger n. 合并
• warehouse n. 仓库
• tangible asset n. 有形财产
• lease vt. 租借；租用
• freelance adj. 做自由职业的
• entrepreneur n. 企业家
• bidder n. 出价人
• venture capitalist 风险投资家

🌸 练习

🍻 BIZ knowledge

• Sole trader(UK) or sole proprietorship(US)：独资经营者(英国) 或 独资经营者(美国)
  
  

• Partnership：伙伴关系
  

• Limited company (UK)：有限公司

• Plc (public limited company) (UK)：Plc(公众有限公司)
  

• Inc (Incorporated)：（公司）股份有限的
  

• Multinational：跨国公司

• Joint venture：合资企业
  

Unit 4 Strategy

✨ 单词

• masculine adj. 男性的
• click with 合得来
• undisputed adj.公认的
• Achilles’heel 薄弱环节; 致命的弱点
• Air Jordan飞人乔丹(耐克公司旗下的运动鞋品牌)
• Skechers 斯凯奇(美国第二大鞋类品牌)
• skateboardingn 滑板运动
• buddy n. 朋友;伙伴
• sign up 签约雇用
• locker room n. 更衣室
• seniority n. 资历
• core adj. 核心的
• attribute n. 特质
• apparel n. 服装
• Ralph Lauren 拉夫·劳伦(美国时尚品牌)
• icon n. 标志;偶像
• pitch vt. 推销 n. 商业推销
• turnoff n. 令人扫兴的东西
• in step with 与…一致
• traffic n. 客流量
• galvanise vt. 使振奋
• take off 突然取得成功
• galvanise sb. into action 激励某人采取行动
• SWOT analysis 四点（优势、劣势、机会、威胁）分析
• Porter’s Five Forces 波特五力模型
• PEST analysis 政治、经济、社会和技术分析

🌸 练习

🍻 BIZ knowledge

👩‍🏫 SWOT 分析

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👩‍🏫 波特五力

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👩‍🏫 PEST

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👩‍🏫 Strategic planning

Unit 5 Marketing

✨ 单词

• manipulate vt. 操纵
• corrupt vt. 使堕落
• grim adj. 糟糕的;令人担忧的
• showcase vt. 展现
• aspiration n. 渴望
• premium n. 加付款;额外费用
• Marlboro 万宝路(香烟品牌)
• lead n. 领先地位
• bombard vt. 向…大量提供信息
• commercial n. 商业广告
• veteran n. 经验丰富的人
• pitch n. (美口)商品广告
• cynical adj. 愤世嫉俗的;爱嘲笑的
• P&G(Procter & Gamble) 宝洁(日用消费品公司)
• stamp n. 特点;特质
• project vt. 展现确立(形象)

🌸 练习

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🍻 BIZ knowledge

marketing mix ：营销组合

Unit 6 Finance

✨ 单词

• corporate governance 公司治理
• Royal Ahold (荷兰)皇家阿霍德集团
• scandal n. 丑闻
• overwhelming adj. 难以应对的
• apart adv. 除去…
• aggressive earnings management 激进性盈余管理
• irregularity n. 违规行为
• auditor n. 审计员
• resignation n. 辞职
• overstate vt. 夸大
• plunge vi. 突然地下降
• applaud vi. 为……鼓掌表示赞赏
• absolve vt. 免除······的责任
• in bulk 大批地
• rebate n. (作为减免或折扣的)部分退款
• book vt. 登记
• seduce sb. into doing sth. 诱导某人做某事
• file for 申请
• back out 违约
• obscure adj. 难以说清楚的，模糊的；鲜为人知的，默默无闻的；未被查实的，不确定的；费解的，晦涩的
• striking adj. 惊人的，异常的
• rebate v. 退还（部分付款）
• applaud v. 鼓掌；称赞，赞许
• horizontal adj. 水平的；（公司）同一层次的
• liability [会计]负债；债务
• Asset - Liability = Equity 资产-负债=权益
• accounts receivable 应收账款
• accounts payable 应付账款
• outsourcing 外包
• upturn 情况好转
• turnover n. 营业额，成交量

🍁 课文

It may seem an exaggeration to describethe scandal overwhelming Royal Ahold as “Europe’s Enron”- but in many ways it istrue enough. Certainly, Ahold, the world’sthird-biggest food retailer presents none ofthe financial risks of Enron. That apart, thesimilarities between the two are strikingfrom the very bad corporate governance,aggressive earnings management andaccounting irregularities to auditors whoserole must be called into question.

将压倒皇家 Ahold 的丑闻描述为“欧洲的安然”似乎有些夸张，但在许多方面，这已经足够真实了。 当然，全球第三大食品零售商Ahold没有安然公司的财务风险。 除此之外，两者之间的相似之处是惊人的，从非常糟糕的公司治理、激进的盈余管理和会计违规行为到必须受到质疑的审计师。

Now, at least, Europeans should stopbelieving that corporate wrongdoing is a US problem that cannot occur in the oldcontinent. Instead, they should fix theirown corporate governance and accountingproblems.

至少现在，欧洲人应该不再相信，企业不当行为是美国的问题，不会在欧洲大陆发生。相反，它们应该解决自己的公司治理和会计问题。

On 24 February 2003 Ahold announcedthe resignation of its chief executive andfinance director after finding that it hadoverstated its profits by more than €463m($500m). Its market value plunged by 63per cent that day, to €3.3bn. In late 2001,it exceeded E30bn.Ahold is now underinvestigation by various authorities,including the Securities and ExchangeCommission (SEC)in the USA.

2003年2月24日，在发现公司虚报利润超过4.63亿欧元(合5亿美元)后，Ahold宣布其首席执行官和财务总监辞职。该公司市值当日暴跌63%，至33亿欧元。2001年末，这一数字超过了300亿欧元。Ahold目前正在接受包括美国证券交易委员会(SEC)在内的多个机构的调查。

Rather like Kenneth Lay at Enron,Ahold’s former CEO,Cees van derHoeven, won a huge reputation fromturning a dull company into a growthmachine. Investors applauded long afterthey should have started asking hardquestions. When eventually they did askhim, his anger and pride became quickly apparent and he refused to answer.

与安然公司的肯尼斯•莱不同，阿霍德的前首席执行官齐斯•范德胡芬因将一家沉闷的公司转变为增长机器而赢得了巨大的声誉。投资者早就应该开始提出一些棘手的问题，但他们还是拍手叫好。当他们最终问他时，他的愤怒和骄傲很快表现出来，他拒绝回答。

The €463m overstatement is due primarily to Ahold’s USFoodservice unit, which supplies food to schools, hospitalsand restaurants, although there are also issues over its Discosubsidiary in Argentina and several other units. This has ledsome observers to say that this is less a European problem thanyet another US accounting failure. Such a claim absolves Ahold’sbosses of responsibility for their acquisitions and dishonesty andignores the persistent, firm-wide tendency to test the limits ofacceptable accounting.

4.63亿欧元的夸大主要是由于Ahold的美国食品服务部门，该部门为学校、医院和餐馆提供食品，尽管其在阿根廷的迪斯科子公司和其他几个部门也存在问题。这让一些观察人士表示，这与其说是欧洲的问题，不如说是美国的另一个会计问题。这样的声明免除了Ahold的老板们对他们的收购和不诚实的责任，并忽视了持续的、全公司范围内测试可接受会计准则极限的倾向。

Most firms that buy in bulk get discounts from suppliersif they meet sales targets. The issue is how those rebates areaccounted for. The accepted practice is to wait until the targets aremet. Ahold appears to have booked these rebate payments beforethey were earned.

大多数批量采购的公司如果能达到销售目标，就能从供应商那里获得折扣。问题是这些回扣是如何计算的。公认的做法是等待，直到目标达到。阿霍德似乎在获得这些退税之前就登记了这些款项。

What of Ahold’s auditors? Although the problems wereuncovered, it should have done so much earlier, says Lynn Turner, aformer chief accountant at the SEC.

Ahold 的审计员呢?美国证券交易委员会前首席会计师特纳(Lynn Turner)说，虽然问题被发现了，但它本应该更早发现问题。

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