本文主要是介绍Spring Boot后端返还JSON数据 + 统一异常处理(返还JSON错误),希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
1 背景
现在项目都是前后端分离,前后端通过JSON交换数据,这时,后端就需要提供健全的api接口供前端调用。本文主要介绍自己封装的JsonResult与Spring Boot的统一异常处理,项目地址在这里。
2 JsonResult
JsonResult是自己封装的一个返还Json,主要由返还码、返还信息,以及返还数据构成,其中提供了静态方法success、failed可供controller层直接调用。废话不多说,直接上代码供大家参考。
package com.lm.common;import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Objects;/*** @author lming.41032@gmail.com* @date 18-11-7 下午12:25*/
public class JsonResult implements Serializable {private static final long serialVersionUID = 5598308977637490090L;private int status;private String message;private Object data;public int getStatus() {return status;}public void setStatus(int status) {this.status = status;}public String getMessage() {return message;}public void setMessage(String message) {this.message = message;}public void setData(Object data) {this.data = data;}public Object getData() {return data;}public static JsonResult success() {return success(null);}public static JsonResult success(Object data) {JsonResult jsonResult = new JsonResult();jsonResult.setStatus(200);jsonResult.setMessage("SUCCESS");if (data != null) {jsonResult.setData(data);}return jsonResult;}public static JsonResult failed() {return failed("FAILED");}public static JsonResult failed(String message) {JsonResult jsonResult = new JsonResult();jsonResult.setStatus(500);jsonResult.setMessage(message);return jsonResult;}@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object o) {if (this == o) {return true;}if (!(o instanceof JsonResult)) {return false;}JsonResult result = (JsonResult) o;return status == result.status &&Objects.equals(message, result.message) &&Objects.equals(data, result.data);}@Overridepublic int hashCode() {return Objects.hash(status, message, data);}@Overridepublic String toString() {return new ToStringBuilder(this).append("status", status).append("message", message).append("data", data).toString();}}
以下就是一个模拟登录成功返还的Json信息.
{"status":200,"message":"SUCCESS","data":{"id":1,"userName":"lmm","password":"123"}
}
3 统一异常处理(返还Json)
在前后端分离项目中,无论后台程序出现了什么问题,我们都要返还一个错误的Json信息。这个错误的信息可以包括错误码,错误信息等,这样不仅仅方便前端处理,也方便后期运维、开发人员快速的定位到错误。下面就是一个错误的Json信息。
{"status":700,"message":"用户不存在!","data":null}
首先我们需要定义一个基本异常,它主要包包含错误码,错误信息。我们也可以在这个基本异常中预先定义一些异常如参数错误、没有权限等。
package com.lm.common;/*** @author lming.41032@gmail.com* @date 18-11-7 上午11:46*/
public class BaseException extends Exception {private static final long serialVersionUID = -3392027101671055457L;public static final int ERROR_CODE_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENTS = 600;// 错误码private int code;//错误信息private String errorMessage;public BaseException(int code) {super("error code" + code);this.code = code;}public BaseException(int code, Throwable throwable) {super(throwable);this.code = code;}public BaseException(int code, String errorMessage) {super(errorMessage);this.code = code;this.errorMessage = errorMessage;}public int getCode() {return code;}public String getErrorMessage() {return errorMessage;}
}
一个系统由多个模块组成,每个模块中都可能会抛出各种各样的异常,这时我们就需要在模块中定义属于本模块中的异常,这些异常需继承BaseException。比如用户登录模块,可能就会抛出用户不存在、密码错误等异常,这时我们定义一个UserException异常,如下所示。
package com.lm.user;import com.lm.common.BaseException;/*** @author lming.41032@gmail.com* @date 18-11-7 上午11:53*/
public class UserException extends BaseException {public static final int ERROR_CODE_NOT_EXIT = 700;public static final int ERROR_CODE_PASSWORD_EEEOR = 701;public UserException(int code) {super(code);}
}
定义完异常后,我们需要对异常进行处理,这样后台抛出异常后,将直接返还错误Json。我们定义一个统一异常处理类(GlobalExceptionHandle),用@ControllerAdvice注解该类,用注解@ExceptionHandler来定义要处理的异常类型。用@ResponseBody来使返还的数据为Json格式。
package com.lm.dubboconsumer.common;import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.lm.common.BaseException;
import com.lm.common.JsonResult;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
import org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MissingServletRequestParameterException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
import java.util.Locale;/*** @author lming.41032@gmail.com* @date 18-11-7 下午12:17*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandle {private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalExceptionHandle.class);private final MessageSource messageSource;@Autowiredpublic GlobalExceptionHandle(MessageSource messageSource) {this.messageSource = messageSource;}@ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)@ResponseBodypublic JsonResult defaultErrorHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,Exception e, Locale locale) throws IOException {JsonResult result = new JsonResult();int code = 500;String errorMessage = null;Throwable exception = e;if (exception instanceof BaseException) {code = ((BaseException) exception).getCode();errorMessage = ((BaseException) exception).getErrorMessage();} else if (exception instanceof MissingServletRequestParameterException) {code = BaseException.ERROR_CODE_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENTS;} else if (!(exception instanceof BaseException || exception instanceof MissingServletRequestParameterException)) {LOGGER.error("Unknown Exception, URI = " + request.getRequestURI(), e);} else {LOGGER.error("URI = {}, errorCode = {}, errorMessage = {}", request.getRequestURI(), code, errorMessage);}// 如果异常中包含了错误信息,则不会通过错误码获取定义的错误信息if (StringUtils.isBlank(errorMessage)) {String prefix = exception.getClass().getSimpleName();errorMessage = getMessage(prefix + "." + code, locale);if (errorMessage == null) {errorMessage = getMessage(Integer.toString(code), locale);}}result.setStatus(code);result.setMessage(errorMessage);return result;}private String getMessage(String key, Locale locale) {String errorMessage = null;try {errorMessage = messageSource.getMessage(key, null, locale);} catch (NoSuchMessageException exception) {LOGGER.debug("ErrorMessage|NotFound|{}", key);}return errorMessage;}
}
我们前面定义的异常都是都是只定义了错误码,至于错误信息,我们可以在项目resource下建一个error_codes.properties文件,其中=前面是我们自定义异常中的code,而=号右边的就是错误信息了。
500=系统错误,请稍后重试!
600=参数错误!
700=用户不存在!
701=用户已经存在!
error_codes.properties文件创建完后,需要在aplication.yml(aplication.properties)中设置一下。
spring:messages:basename: error_codescache-duration: 600s
4 测试
Service层
package com.lm.dubboprovider.user.impl;import com.lm.common.BaseException;
import com.lm.user.User;
import com.lm.user.UserException;
import com.lm.user.service.UserService;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/*** @author lming.41032@gmail.com* @date 18-11-4 下午2:55*/
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {private static final String USERNAME = "lm";private static final String PASSWORD = "123";@Overridepublic Boolean login(String userName, String password) throws BaseException {if (StringUtils.isBlank(userName) || StringUtils.isBlank(password)) {throw new BaseException(BaseException.ERROR_CODE_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENTS);}if (!userName.equals(USERNAME)) {throw new UserException(UserException.ERROR_CODE_NOT_EXIT);}if (USERNAME.equals(userName) && PASSWORD.equals(password)) {return true;}return false;}
}
Controller层
package com.lm.dubboconsumer.user;import com.lm.common.BaseException;
import com.lm.common.JsonResult;
import com.lm.user.User;
import com.lm.user.UserException;
import com.lm.user.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;/*** @author lming.41032@gmail.com* @date 18-11-5 下午5:10*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserRestController {private final UserService userService;@Autowiredpublic UserRestController(UserService userService) {this.userService = userService;}@GetMapping("login")public JsonResult login(HttpServletRequest request) throws UserException, BaseException {String userName = request.getParameter("username");String password = request.getParameter("password");Boolean flag = userService.login(userName, password);if (flag) {return JsonResult.success();} else {throw JsonResult.failed();}}
}
登录成功:
参数错误:
用户不存在:
5 总结
CSDN写博客一定要定时点击保存按钮。
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