本文主要是介绍Android原生实现控件阴影方案(API28及以上),希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
Android控件的阴影效果的实现方式有很多种,这里介绍一下另一种Android原生的阴影实现方案(API28及以上)。
我们利用elevation、outlineAmbientShowColor、outlineSpotShadowColor来实现一个带阴影的Button。
实现效果如下图,阴影宽度分别为2dp、10dp、30dp:
阴影原理
阴影效果的实现采用的是Android原生的View的属性,拔高Z轴。Z轴会让View产生阴影的效果。
阴影的效果由Z轴(elevation)、光源(shadowColor)和环境阴影透明度(ambientShadowAlpha)三者综合决定的。所以我们需要对这三者进行合理的设置。环境阴影透明度是通过主题theme设置的,一般为1,因此起决定性作用的是Z轴(elevation)和光源(shadowColor)。
光源又分为主光源(outlineSpotShadowColor
)和环境光源(outlineAmbientShowColor
)。
阴影原理
实现
属性
在attrs.xml文件中,创建Button的自定义属性:
<declare-styleable name="shape_button"><attr name="android:background" /><attr name="android:textColor" /><!-- shadow 相关--><attr name="carbon_elevation" /><attr name="carbon_elevationShadowColor" /><attr name="carbon_elevationAmbientShadowColor" /><attr name="carbon_elevationSpotShadowColor" /><attr name="android:textStyle" /><attr name="android:textAppearance" /><attr name="android:singleLine" /><attr name="android:maxLines" /><attr name="android:textAllCaps" /></declare-styleable>
另外,创建一个styles_button.xml
<resources xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"><style name="carbon_Button" parent="@android:style/Widget.Button"><item name="android:gravity">center_vertical|center_horizontal</item><item name="android:paddingTop">0dp</item><item name="android:paddingBottom">0dp</item><item name="android:paddingLeft">@dimen/carbon_paddingHalf</item><item name="android:paddingRight">@dimen/carbon_paddingHalf</item><item name="android:minHeight">36dp</item><item name="android:minWidth">88dp</item><item name="carbon_elevation">@dimen/carbon_elevationButton</item><item name="android:textColor">@null</item><item name="android:textAppearance">?attr/carbon_textAppearanceButton</item><item name="android:maxLines">1</item><item name="android:background">@color/carbon_defaultColorControl</item></style>
</resources>
自定义ShapeButton
创建一个阴影接口,这样所有需要阴影的控件实现这个接口就好了:
/*** 阴影相关*/
public interface ShadowView {/*** The elevation value. There are useful values of elevation defined in xml as* carbon_elevationFlat, carbon_elevationLow, carbon_elevationMedium, carbon_elevationHigh,* carbon_elevationMax.*/float getElevation();void setElevation(float elevation);float getTranslationZ();void setTranslationZ(float translationZ);ColorStateList getElevationShadowColor();void setElevationShadowColor(ColorStateList color);void setElevationShadowColor(int color);int getOutlineAmbientShadowColor();void setOutlineAmbientShadowColor(int color);void setOutlineAmbientShadowColor(ColorStateList color);int getOutlineSpotShadowColor();void setOutlineSpotShadowColor(int color);void setOutlineSpotShadowColor(ColorStateList color);}
创建ShapeButton.java 实现ShadowView:
public class ShapeButton extends AppCompatButton implements ShadowView{public ShapeButton(@NonNull Context context) {super(context);initButton(null, android.R.attr.buttonStyle, R.style.carbon_Button);}public ShapeButton(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {super(context, attrs);initButton(attrs, android.R.attr.buttonStyle, R.style.carbon_Button);}public ShapeButton(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);initButton(attrs, defStyleAttr, R.style.carbon_Button);}public ShapeButton(Context context, String text, OnClickListener listener) {super(context);initButton(null, android.R.attr.buttonStyle, R.style.carbon_Button);setText(text);setOnClickListener(listener);}private static int[] elevationIds = new int[]{R.styleable.shape_button_carbon_elevation,R.styleable.shape_button_carbon_elevationShadowColor,R.styleable.shape_button_carbon_elevationAmbientShadowColor,R.styleable.shape_button_carbon_elevationSpotShadowColor};// 重点就是利用下面的属性:// 拔高Z轴可以通过控制elevation和translationZ。区别:// elevation:一般是写在 xml 文件中做静态配置,单纯的控制Z轴;// translateZ:除了控制Z轴,还可以用来控制动画效果,比如我们点击按钮时希望它有一个弹起的效果。// 由于我们只需要实现阴影效果,所以我们只关注elevation即可。private float elevation = 0;private float translationZ = 0;// 表示光源的颜色private ColorStateList ambientShadowColor, spotShadowColor;private void initButton(AttributeSet attrs, @AttrRes int defStyleAttr, @StyleRes int defStyleRes) {TypedArray a = getContext().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.shape_button, defStyleAttr, defStyleRes);// todo-获取自定义属性的初始化// Carbon.initElevation(this, a, elevationIds);a.recycle();}@Overridepublic float getElevation() {return elevation;}@Overridepublic void setElevation(float elevation) {// todo-设置elevation的值}@Overridepublic float getTranslationZ() {return translationZ;}public void setTranslationZ(float translationZ) {// todo-设置translationZ的值}@Overridepublic ColorStateList getElevationShadowColor() {return ambientShadowColor;}@Overridepublic void setElevationShadowColor(ColorStateList shadowColor) {// todo-设置ElevationShadowColor的值,这个光源值表示统一主光源和环境光源的颜色}@Overridepublic void setElevationShadowColor(int color) {// todo-设置ElevationShadowColor的值,这个光源值表示统一主光源和环境光源的颜色}@Overridepublic void setOutlineAmbientShadowColor(ColorStateList color) {// todo-设置OutlineAmbientShadowColor的值}@Overridepublic void setOutlineAmbientShadowColor(int color) {// todo-设置OutlineAmbientShadowColor的值}@Overridepublic int getOutlineAmbientShadowColor() {return ambientShadowColor.getDefaultColor();}@Overridepublic void setOutlineSpotShadowColor(int color) {// todo-设置OutlineSpotShadowColor的值}@Overridepublic void setOutlineSpotShadowColor(ColorStateList color) {// todo-设置OutlineSpotShadowColor的值}@Overridepublic int getOutlineSpotShadowColor() {return ambientShadowColor.getDefaultColor();}
}
属性初始化
public class Carbon {public static final boolean IS_LOLLIPOP_OR_HIGHER = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP;public static final boolean IS_PIE_OR_HIGHER = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.P;private Carbon() {}public static void initElevation(ShadowView view, TypedArray a, int[] ids) {int carbon_elevation = ids[0];int carbon_shadowColor = ids[1];int carbon_ambientShadowColor = ids[2];int carbon_spotShadowColor = ids[3];// 获取xml设置的elevation属性的值,并设置给Viewfloat elevation = a.getDimension(carbon_elevation, 0);view.setElevation(elevation);// 获取xml设置的shadowColor属性的值,并设置给ViewColorStateList shadowColor = a.getColorStateList(carbon_shadowColor);view.setElevationShadowColor(shadowColor != null ? shadowColor.withAlpha(255) : null);//如果有设置环境光源 ambientShadowColor,则设置给Viewif (a.hasValue(carbon_ambientShadowColor)) {ColorStateList ambientShadowColor = a.getColorStateList(carbon_ambientShadowColor);view.setOutlineAmbientShadowColor(ambientShadowColor != null ? ambientShadowColor.withAlpha(255) : null);}//如果有设置主光源spotShadowColor,则设置给Viewif (a.hasValue(carbon_spotShadowColor)) {ColorStateList spotShadowColor = a.getColorStateList(carbon_spotShadowColor);view.setOutlineSpotShadowColor(spotShadowColor != null ? spotShadowColor.withAlpha(255) : null);}}
}
设置阴影相关属性
设置Elevation
@Overridepublic void setElevation(float elevation) {// 针对API=28以上if (Carbon.IS_PIE_OR_HIGHER) {super.setElevation(elevation);super.setTranslationZ(translationZ);} else if (Carbon.IS_LOLLIPOP_OR_HIGHER) {if (ambientShadowColor == null || spotShadowColor == null) {super.setElevation(elevation);super.setTranslationZ(translationZ);} else {super.setElevation(0);super.setTranslationZ(0);}} else if (elevation != this.elevation && getParent() != null) {((View) getParent()).postInvalidate();}this.elevation = elevation;}
设置translationZ
public void setTranslationZ(float translationZ) {if (translationZ == this.translationZ)return;if (Carbon.IS_PIE_OR_HIGHER) {super.setTranslationZ(translationZ);} else if (Carbon.IS_LOLLIPOP_OR_HIGHER) {if (ambientShadowColor == null || spotShadowColor == null) {super.setTranslationZ(translationZ);} else {super.setTranslationZ(0);}} else if (translationZ != this.translationZ && getParent() != null) {((View) getParent()).postInvalidate();}this.translationZ = translationZ;}
设置主光源和环境光源
@Overridepublic void setElevationShadowColor(ColorStateList shadowColor) {ambientShadowColor = spotShadowColor = shadowColor;setElevation(elevation);setTranslationZ(translationZ);}@Overridepublic void setElevationShadowColor(int color) {ambientShadowColor = spotShadowColor = ColorStateList.valueOf(color);setElevation(elevation);setTranslationZ(translationZ);}// 设置环境光源
@Overridepublic void setOutlineAmbientShadowColor(ColorStateList color) {ambientShadowColor = color;if (Carbon.IS_PIE_OR_HIGHER) {super.setOutlineAmbientShadowColor(color.getColorForState(getDrawableState(), color.getDefaultColor()));} else {setElevation(elevation);setTranslationZ(translationZ);}}# 设置主光源
@Overridepublic void setOutlineSpotShadowColor(ColorStateList color) {spotShadowColor = color;if (Carbon.IS_PIE_OR_HIGHER) {super.setOutlineSpotShadowColor(color.getColorForState(getDrawableState(), color.getDefaultColor()));} else {setElevation(elevation);setTranslationZ(translationZ);}}@Overridepublic void draw(Canvas canvas) {if (Carbon.IS_PIE_OR_HIGHER) {if (spotShadowColor != null)super.setOutlineSpotShadowColor(spotShadowColor.getColorForState(getDrawableState(), spotShadowColor.getDefaultColor()));if (ambientShadowColor != null)super.setOutlineAmbientShadowColor(ambientShadowColor.getColorForState(getDrawableState(), ambientShadowColor.getDefaultColor()));}super.draw(canvas);}
怎样使用
<com.chinatsp.demo1.shadow.ShapeButtonandroid:layout_width="56dp"android:layout_height="56dp"android:layout_margin="@dimen/carbon_padding"android:background="#ffffff"android:stateListAnimator="@null"android:text="TOM"android:elevation="20dp"app:carbon_elevationShadowColor="@color/carbon_amber_700" />
完整代码:
public class ShapeButton extends AppCompatButton implements ShadowView{public ShapeButton(@NonNull Context context) {super(context);initButton(null, android.R.attr.buttonStyle, R.style.carbon_Button);}public ShapeButton(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {super(context, attrs);initButton(attrs, android.R.attr.buttonStyle, R.style.carbon_Button);}public ShapeButton(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);initButton(attrs, defStyleAttr, R.style.carbon_Button);}public ShapeButton(Context context, String text, OnClickListener listener) {super(context);initButton(null, android.R.attr.buttonStyle, R.style.carbon_Button);setText(text);setOnClickListener(listener);}private static int[] elevationIds = new int[]{R.styleable.shape_button_carbon_elevation,R.styleable.shape_button_carbon_elevationShadowColor,R.styleable.shape_button_carbon_elevationAmbientShadowColor,R.styleable.shape_button_carbon_elevationSpotShadowColor};private float elevation = 0;private float translationZ = 0;private ColorStateList ambientShadowColor, spotShadowColor;private void initButton(AttributeSet attrs, @AttrRes int defStyleAttr, @StyleRes int defStyleRes) {TypedArray a = getContext().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.shape_button, defStyleAttr, defStyleRes);Carbon.initElevation(this, a, elevationIds);a.recycle();}@Overridepublic float getElevation() {return elevation;}@Overridepublic void setElevation(float elevation) {if (Carbon.IS_PIE_OR_HIGHER) {super.setElevation(elevation);super.setTranslationZ(translationZ);} else if (Carbon.IS_LOLLIPOP_OR_HIGHER) {if (ambientShadowColor == null || spotShadowColor == null) {super.setElevation(elevation);super.setTranslationZ(translationZ);} else {super.setElevation(0);super.setTranslationZ(0);}} else if (elevation != this.elevation && getParent() != null) {((View) getParent()).postInvalidate();}this.elevation = elevation;}@Overridepublic float getTranslationZ() {return translationZ;}public void setTranslationZ(float translationZ) {if (translationZ == this.translationZ)return;if (Carbon.IS_PIE_OR_HIGHER) {super.setTranslationZ(translationZ);} else if (Carbon.IS_LOLLIPOP_OR_HIGHER) {if (ambientShadowColor == null || spotShadowColor == null) {super.setTranslationZ(translationZ);} else {super.setTranslationZ(0);}} else if (translationZ != this.translationZ && getParent() != null) {((View) getParent()).postInvalidate();}this.translationZ = translationZ;}@Overridepublic ColorStateList getElevationShadowColor() {return ambientShadowColor;}@Overridepublic void setElevationShadowColor(ColorStateList shadowColor) {ambientShadowColor = spotShadowColor = shadowColor;setElevation(elevation);setTranslationZ(translationZ);}@Overridepublic void setElevationShadowColor(int color) {ambientShadowColor = spotShadowColor = ColorStateList.valueOf(color);setElevation(elevation);setTranslationZ(translationZ);}@Overridepublic void setOutlineAmbientShadowColor(ColorStateList color) {ambientShadowColor = color;if (Carbon.IS_PIE_OR_HIGHER) {super.setOutlineAmbientShadowColor(color.getColorForState(getDrawableState(), color.getDefaultColor()));} else {setElevation(elevation);setTranslationZ(translationZ);}}@Overridepublic void setOutlineAmbientShadowColor(int color) {setOutlineAmbientShadowColor(ColorStateList.valueOf(color));}@Overridepublic int getOutlineAmbientShadowColor() {return ambientShadowColor.getDefaultColor();}@Overridepublic void setOutlineSpotShadowColor(int color) {setOutlineSpotShadowColor(ColorStateList.valueOf(color));}@Overridepublic void setOutlineSpotShadowColor(ColorStateList color) {spotShadowColor = color;if (Carbon.IS_PIE_OR_HIGHER) {super.setOutlineSpotShadowColor(color.getColorForState(getDrawableState(), color.getDefaultColor()));} else {setElevation(elevation);setTranslationZ(translationZ);}}@Overridepublic int getOutlineSpotShadowColor() {return ambientShadowColor.getDefaultColor();}@Overridepublic void draw(Canvas canvas) {if (Carbon.IS_PIE_OR_HIGHER) {if (spotShadowColor != null)super.setOutlineSpotShadowColor(spotShadowColor.getColorForState(getDrawableState(), spotShadowColor.getDefaultColor()));if (ambientShadowColor != null)super.setOutlineAmbientShadowColor(ambientShadowColor.getColorForState(getDrawableState(), ambientShadowColor.getDefaultColor()));}super.draw(canvas);}
}
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