Python+tkinter实现2048游戏

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游戏规则

2048 是一个单人拼图游戏，目标是通过滑动方块将相同数字的方块合并，最终得到一个数字为 2048 的方块。

游戏在一个 4x4 的网格上进行，初始时有两个方块，每个方块的值为 2 或 4。
玩家可以通过上下左右方向键滑动方块，所有方块会向滑动方向移动，直到被其他方块或网格边界阻挡。
当两个相同数字的方块碰撞时，它们会合并成一个新的方块，值为原来两个方块的和。例如，两个值为 2 的方块合并成一个值为 4 的方块。每次合并方块时，合并后的方块数值会加到玩家的总得分中。
每次滑动后，会在一个空格子中随机生成一个新的方块，值为 2 或 4。
当玩家成功生成一个值为 2048 的方块时，游戏胜利。
当网格中没有空格子且无法进行任何合并操作时，游戏结束。
玩家可以查看排行榜，显示历史最高的十次成绩。

游戏代码（使用 tkinter 库创建图形用户界面）

import tkinter as tk
import random
import osclass Game2048:def __init__(self, master):self.master = masterself.master.title("2048 Game")self.center_window(400, 450)  # 设置窗口居中# 初始化游戏板，4x4的矩阵，初始值为0self.board = [[0] * 4 for _ in range(4)]self.score = 0  # 初始化分数self.create_widgets()self.reset_game()# 绑定键盘事件self.master.bind("<Key>", self.key_handler)def center_window(self, width, height):# 获取屏幕宽度和高度screen_width = self.master.winfo_screenwidth()screen_height = self.master.winfo_screenheight()# 计算窗口左上角的位置x = (screen_width - width) // 2y = (screen_height - height) // 2self.master.geometry(f'{width}x{height}+{x}+{y}')def create_widgets(self):# 创建一个顶部框架用于放置按钮和记分牌top_frame = tk.Frame(self.master)top_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10)# 创建排行榜按钮leaderboard_button = tk.Button(top_frame, text="Leaderboard", command=self.show_leaderboard)leaderboard_button.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=10)# 创建重启按钮restart_button = tk.Button(top_frame, text="Restart", command=self.reset_game)restart_button.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=10)# 创建记分牌self.score_label = tk.Label(top_frame, text=f"Score: {self.score}", font=("Helvetica", 12))self.score_label.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=10)# 创建一个400x400的画布self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.master, width=400, height=400, bg="white")self.canvas.pack(pady=0)  # 调整pady参数self.draw_grid()def draw_grid(self):# 定义不同数字对应的颜色colors = {0: "lightgray",2: "lightyellow",4: "lightgoldenrod",8: "orange",16: "darkorange",32: "tomato",64: "red",128: "yellow",256: "gold",512: "lightgreen",1024: "green",2048: "darkgreen"}# 绘制4x4的网格for i in range(4):for j in range(4):x0, y0 = i * 100, j * 100x1, y1 = x0 + 100, y0 + 100value = self.board[j][i]color = colors.get(value, "black")  # 获取对应颜色，默认黑色self.canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=color)if value != 0:# 在非零的格子中间绘制数字self.canvas.create_text(x0 + 50, y0 + 50, text=str(value), font=("Helvetica", 24), fill="black")def reset_game(self):# 重置游戏板和分数self.board = [[0] * 4 for _ in range(4)]self.score = 0self.update_score()# 添加两个初始的随机方块self.add_new_tile()self.add_new_tile()self.update_ui()def add_new_tile(self):# 找到所有空的格子empty_cells = [(i, j) for i in range(4) for j in range(4) if self.board[i][j] == 0]if empty_cells:# 随机选择一个空格子，并放入2或4i, j = random.choice(empty_cells)self.board[i][j] = 2 if random.random() < 0.9 else 4def update_ui(self):# 更新UI，重新绘制网格self.canvas.delete("all")self.draw_grid()def update_score(self):# 更新记分牌self.score_label.config(text=f"Score: {self.score}")def key_handler(self, event):# 处理键盘事件if event.keysym in ["Up", "Down", "Left", "Right"]:if self.move(event.keysym):# 如果移动成功，添加一个新的随机方块self.add_new_tile()self.update_ui()# 检查游戏是否结束或胜利if self.check_win():self.win()elif self.check_game_over():self.game_over()def move(self, direction):# 滑动并合并行或列def slide(row):new_row = [i for i in row if i != 0]for i in range(len(new_row) - 1):if new_row[i] == new_row[i + 1]:new_row[i] *= 2self.score += new_row[i]  # 更新分数new_row[i + 1] = 0new_row = [i for i in new_row if i != 0]return new_row + [0] * (4 - len(new_row))moved = Falseif direction == "Up":for j in range(4):col = [self.board[i][j] for i in range(4)]new_col = slide(col)for i in range(4):if self.board[i][j] != new_col[i]:moved = Trueself.board[i][j] = new_col[i]elif direction == "Down":for j in range(4):col = [self.board[i][j] for i in range(4)]new_col = slide(col[::-1])[::-1]for i in range(4):if self.board[i][j] != new_col[i]:moved = Trueself.board[i][j] = new_col[i]elif direction == "Left":for i in range(4):new_row = slide(self.board[i])if self.board[i] != new_row:moved = Trueself.board[i] = new_rowelif direction == "Right":for i in range(4):new_row = slide(self.board[i][::-1])[::-1]if self.board[i] != new_row:moved = Trueself.board[i] = new_rowif moved:self.update_score()  # 更新分数return moveddef check_win(self):# 检查是否达到2048for row in self.board:if 2048 in row:return Truereturn Falsedef check_game_over(self):# 检查游戏是否结束for i in range(4):for j in range(4):if self.board[i][j] == 0:return Falseif i < 3 and self.board[i][j] == self.board[i + 1][j]:return Falseif j < 3 and self.board[i][j] == self.board[i][j + 1]:return Falsereturn Truedef game_over(self):# 显示游戏结束信息self.canvas.create_text(200, 200, text="Game Over", font=("Helvetica", 36), fill="red")self.save_score()  # 保存分数到文件def win(self):# 显示胜利信息self.canvas.create_text(200, 200, text="You win!", font=("Helvetica", 36), fill="green")self.save_score()  # 保存分数到文件def save_score(self):# 保存当前分数到文件with open("scores.txt", "a") as file:file.write(f"{self.score}\n")def show_leaderboard(self):# 读取分数并显示排行榜if os.path.exists("scores.txt"):with open("scores.txt", "r") as file:scores = [int(line.strip()) for line in file.readlines()]scores.sort(reverse=True)top_scores = scores[:10]else:top_scores = []# 创建一个新的窗口显示排行榜leaderboard_window = tk.Toplevel(self.master)leaderboard_window.title("Leaderboard")leaderboard_window.geometry("200x250")tk.Label(leaderboard_window, text="Top 10 Scores", font=("Helvetica", 16)).pack()for idx, score in enumerate(top_scores, 1):tk.Label(leaderboard_window, text=f"{idx}. {score}", font=("Helvetica", 14)).pack()if __name__ == "__main__":root = tk.Tk()game = Game2048(root)root.mainloop()