6.5.Docker数据管理和端口映射应用

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实战总体步骤

1. 搜索镜像

   可以在Dockerhub中查看容器如何使用，包括拉取和启动等。

2. 拉取镜像

3. 查看镜像

4. 启动镜像

5. 停止镜像

6. 移除镜像

案例1:安装tomcat（端口映射使用）

1. 搜索镜像

   docker hub上查找tomcat或通过命令搜索

   [root@zyn01 ~]# docker search -f is-official=true tomcat
   NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL
   tomcat    Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   3667      [OK]
   tomee     Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE certif…   115       [OK]
   

2. 拉取镜像

   从docker hub拉取镜像到本地

   [root@zyn01 ~]# docker pull tomcat
   

3. 查看镜像

   [root@zyn01 ~]# docker images tomcat
   REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
   tomcat       latest    b64abfdee99c   2 years ago   668MB
   

4. 启动镜像

   使用tomcat镜像创建容器实例

   [root@zyn01 ~]# docker run -it -d -p 8080:8080 tomcat
   7aa22c83581d11d6dc33e89511fe383b000fa4aa48309bbbc820ee9d1c1996b8
   [root@zyn01 ~]# docker ps
   CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                       NAMES
   db6b2e945248   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp   epic_jang
   

   -p 小写，主机端口：docker容器端口

   -P 大写，随机分配端口

   -i：交互

   -t：tty终端

   -d：后台

❓访问localhost：8080显示404。

可能是没有映射端口；可能是没有关闭防火墙；

新版tomcat需要进行如下修改：

把webapps.dist目录换成webapps,再次访问localhost：8080，访问成功。

[root@zyn01 ~]# docker exec -it db6b2e945248 /bin/bash
root@db6b2e945248:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt     LICENSE  README.md      RUNNING.txt  conf  logs            temp     webapps.dist
CONTRIBUTING.md  NOTICE   RELEASE-NOTES  bin          lib   native-jni-lib  webapps  work
root@db6b2e945248:/usr/local/tomcat# rm webapps
rm: cannot remove 'webapps': Is a directory
root@db6b2e945248:/usr/local/tomcat# rm -r webapps
root@db6b2e945248:/usr/local/tomcat# mv webapps.dist/ webapps

5. 免修改版本操作流程

   docker pull billygoo/tomcat8-jdk8
   docker run -d -p 8080:8080 --name mytomcat8 billygoo/tomcat8-jdk8
   

案例2:安装mysql（数据卷应用）

测试版

1. 搜索镜像

   docker hub上查找mysql或通过命令搜索。

   [root@zyn01 ~]# docker search -f is-official=true mysql
   NAME         DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL
   mysql        MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   15055     [OK]
   

2. 拉取镜像

   从docker hub拉取镜像到本地

   [root@zyn01 ~]# docker pull mysql
   

3. 查看镜像

   [root@zyn01 ~]# docker images
   REPOSITORY     TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED                  SIZE
   mysql          latest    96a1b6f60db8   Less than a second ago   592MB
   

4. 启动镜像

   如何启动？https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql

   使用mysql镜像创建并启动容器实例

   [root@zyn01 ~]# docker run -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d --name mysql mysql
   f3da95267e1eba21959c7739bd5967fef956d5a44b37e763b80e1ce68e08d77d[root@zyn01 ~]# docker ps
   CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                  
   NAMES
   f3da95267e1e   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 seconds ago    Up 3 seconds    0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   
   mysql

5. 进入容器测试mysql数据库，创建数据库和表

   [root@zyn01 ~]# docker exec -it f3da95267e1e /bin/bashbash-5.1# mysql -uroot -p123456
   mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
   Your MySQL connection id is 9
   Server version: 8.4.0 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
   affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
   owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> create database db01;
   Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> use db01;
   Database changed
   mysql> create table aa(id int,name varchar(20));
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into aa values(1,'zyn');
   Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> select * from aa;
   +------+------+
   | id   | name |
   +------+------+
   |    1 | zyn  |
   +------+------+
   1 row in set (0.00 sec)
   

   ❓存在插入中文乱码的情况！

   原因：docker上默认字符集编码隐患，使用mac本地客户端工具可以正常显示和插入中文，但是docker里面的mysql容器实例查看，内容如下：

   mysql>  SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
   +--------------------------+--------------------------------+
   | Variable_name            | Value                          |
   +--------------------------+--------------------------------+
   | character_set_client     | latin1                         |
   | character_set_connection | latin1                         |
   | character_set_database   | utf8mb4                        |
   | character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
   | character_set_results    | latin1                         |
   | character_set_server     | utf8mb4                        |
   | character_set_system     | utf8mb3                        |
   | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql-8.4/charsets/ |
   +--------------------------+--------------------------------+
   8 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from aa;
   +------+------+
   | id   | name |
   +------+------+
   |    1 | zyn  |
   |    2 | ??   |
   +------+------+
   2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
   

   接下来给出解决方案。容器删除后，数据将丢失。接下来通过挂在容器卷实现容器移除后再次重启容器数据维持不变。

实战版

1. 新建mysql容器

   docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --privileged=true -v /zzyyuse/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql -v /zzyyuse/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /zzyyuse/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456  --name mysql mysql
   

2. 新建my.cnf，通过容器卷同步给mysql容器实例

   [root@zyn01 ~]# cd /zzyyuse/mysql/conf/
   [root@zyn01 conf]# vim my.cn
   [client]
   default_character_set=utf8
   [mysqld]
   collation_server = utf8_general_ci
   character_set_server = utf8
   

3. 修改字符集操作后，重启mysql容器再次查看字符集编码并测试插入中文。

   [root@zyn01 conf]# docker restart  mysql
   mysql> [root@zyn01 ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
   bash-5.1# mysql -uroot -p123456
   mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
   Your MySQL connection id is 9
   Server version: 8.4.0 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
   affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
   owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
   +--------------------------+--------------------------------+
   | Variable_name            | Value                          |
   +--------------------------+--------------------------------+
   | character_set_client     | utf8mb3                        |
   | character_set_connection | utf8mb3                        |
   | character_set_database   | utf8mb3                        |
   | character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
   | character_set_results    | utf8mb3                        |
   | character_set_server     | utf8mb3                        |
   | character_set_system     | utf8mb3                        |
   | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql-8.4/charsets/ |
   +--------------------------+--------------------------------+
   8 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> create database dn01;
   Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
   mysql> use dn01;
   Database changed
   mysql> create table aa(id int,name varchar(20));
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> select * from aa;
   +------+--------+
   | id   | name   |
   +------+--------+
   |    1 | 张 三    |
   +------+--------+
   1 row in set (0.00 sec)
   

4. 本次绑定了数据卷，因此移除容器后再次重启容器，数据依然存在

   [root@zyn01 conf]# docker stop mysql
   mysql
   [root@zyn01 conf]# docker rm mysql
   mysql
   [root@zyn01 conf]# docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --privileged=true -v /zzyyuse/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql -v /zzyyuse/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /zzyyuse/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456  --name mysql mysql
   3fdcedd80ef699764860393a377048ebb0ecc4400cd15e6e4ab4159e407ff631
   [root@zyn01 ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
   bash-5.1# mysql -uroot -p123456
   mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
   Your MySQL connection id is 9
   Server version: 8.4.0 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
   affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
   owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> use dn01;
   Reading table information for completion of table and column names
   You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed
   mysql> select * from aa;
   +------+--------+
   | id   | name   |
   +------+--------+
   |    1 | 张 三    |
   +------+--------+
   1 row in set (0.00 sec)
   

案例3:安装Redis（数据卷应用）

1. 拉取redis镜像

   docker pull redis:6.0.8
   

2. 运行镜像

   [root@zyn01 conf]# docker run -d -p 6379:6379 redis:6.0.8
   d2cc16415883b0352c0d239692a17a0ac0ac7b7c04f16fea4060948769b64d4d
   [root@zyn01 conf]# docker ps
   CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                                                  NAMES
   d2cc16415883   redis:6.0.8   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds       0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp              magical_edison
   [root@zyn01 conf]# 
   [root@zyn01 conf]# docker exec -it d2cc16415883 /bin/bash
   root@d2cc16415883:/data# redis-cli
   127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 v1
   OK
   127.0.0.1:6379> get k1
   "v1"
   127.0.0.1:6379> ping
   PONG
   

3. 在宿主机下新建目录/app/redis,将redis.conf文件上传至该目录并进行如下修改

   #1.开启redis验证 可选
   requirepass 123
   #2.允许redis外地连接 必须注释掉
   # bind 127.0.0.1
   #3.将daemonize yes注释起来或者daemonize no设置，因为该配置和docker run中-d参数冲突，会导致容器一直启动失败
   daemonize no
   #4.开启redis数据持久化  可选
   appendonly yes
   

4. 停止和删除redis容器，重新创建进行测试

   [root@zyn01 redis]# docker ps
   CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                  NAMES
   d2cc16415883   redis:6.0.8   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   25 minutes ago   Up 25 minutes   0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp              magical_edison[root@zyn01 redis]# docker stop d2cc16415883
   d2cc16415883
   [root@zyn01 redis]# docker rm d2cc16415883
   d2cc16415883
   [root@zyn01 redis]# docker run  -p 6379:6379 --name myr3 --privileged=true -v /app/redis/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf -v /app/redis/data:/data -d redis:6.0.8 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
   25d1f9ae4ddacea525fc00e4e8abba1e59c99557c9389b9f2b8780a51b4b1328[root@zyn01 redis]# docker exec -it myr3 /bin/bash
   root@25d1f9ae4dda:/data# redis-cli
   127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 v1
   (error) NOAUTH Authentication required.
   127.0.0.1:6379> auth 123
   OK
   127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 v1
   OK
   127.0.0.1:6379> get k1
   "v1"
   

   需要认证说明配置生效，测试成功。

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