本文主要是介绍享元模式(Flyweight),,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
首先,让我们给出享元模式的定义。 享元模式(Flyweight),运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。 享元模式可以避免大量非常相似类的开销。在程序设计中,有时需要生成大量细粒度的类实例来表示数据。如果能发现这些实例除了几个参数外基本上都是相同的,有时就能够受大幅度地减少需要实例化的类数量。如果能把那些参数移到类实例的外面,在方法调用时将它们传递进来,就可以通过共享大幅度地减少单个实例的数目。 下面先给出类结构图。 从图中可以看出,Flyweight执行时所需的状态可能有内部的也可能有外部的,内部状态存储于ConcreteFlyweight对象之中,而外部对象则应该考虑由客户端对象存储或计算,当调用Flyweight对象的操作时,将该状态传递给它。 那么,一般什么情况下使用享元模式呢?如果一个应用程序使用了大量的对象,而大量的这些对象造成了很大的存储开销时就应该考虑使用;还有就是对象的大多数状态可以作为外部状态,如果删除对象的外部状态,那么可以用相对较少的共享对象取代很多组对象,此时可以考虑使用享元模式。不过,享元模式也是有缺陷的,使用享元模式需要维护一个记录了系统已有的所有享元的列表,而这本身需要耗费资源,另外享元模式使得系统更加复杂。为了使对象可以共享,需要将一些状态外部化,这使得程序的逻辑复杂化。因此,应当在有足够多的对象实例可供共享时才值得使用享元模式。 好的,下面给出简单的代码实现。 1 2 3 4 5 | #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface Flyweight: NSObject -( void )Operation:( int )extrinsicestate; @end | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | #import "Flyweight.h" @implementation Flyweight -( void )Operation:( int )extrinsicestate{ return ; } @end | 1 2 3 4 | #import "Flyweight.h" @interface ConcreteFlyweight :Flyweight @end | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | #import "ConcreteFlyweight.h" @implementation ConcreteFlyweight -( void )Operation:( int )extrinsicestate{ NSLog (@ "具体Flyweight:%d" , extrinsicestate); } @end | 1 2 3 4 | #import "Flyweight.h" @interface UnshareConcreteFlyweight:Flyweight @end | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | #import "UnshareConcreteFlyweight.h" @implementation UnshareConcreteFlyweight -( void )Operation:( int )extrinsicestate{ NSLog (@ "不共享的具体Flyweight:%d" , extrinsicestate); } @end | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @class Flyweight; @class ConcreteFlyweight; @interface FlyweightFactory : NSObject { NSMutableDictionary *nd; } -(Flyweight*)GetFlyweight:( NSString *)key; @end | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | #import "FlyweightFactory.h" #import "ConcreteFlyweight.h" @implementation FlyweightFactory -( id )init{ if ( self == [ super init]) { nd= [ NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; [nd setObject:[[ConcreteFlyweightalloc]init]forKey:@ "X" ]; [nd setObject:[[ConcreteFlyweightalloc]init]forKey:@ "Y" ]; [nd setObject:[[ConcreteFlyweightalloc]init]forKey:@ "Z" ]; } return self ; } -(Flyweight*)GetFlyweight:( NSString *)key{ return [nd objectForKey:key]; } @end | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import "Flyweight.h" #import "FlyweightFactory.h" #import "UnshareConcreteFlyweight.h" int main ( int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { int extrinsicstate =22; FlyweightFactory *f = [[FlyweightFactory alloc]init]; Flyweight *fx = [f GetFlyweight:@ "X" ]; [fx Operation:--extrinsicstate]; Flyweight *fy = [f GetFlyweight:@ "Y" ]; [fy Operation:--extrinsicstate]; Flyweight *fz = [f GetFlyweight:@ "Z" ]; [fz Operation:--extrinsicstate]; Flyweight *uf = [[UnshareConcreteFlyweight alloc]init]; [uf Operation:--extrinsicstate]; } return 0; } | | |
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