本文主要是介绍C++数据结构——链表(各式链表与案例),希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
一:单链表
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;enum error_code{success, underflow, range_error
};struct node{int data;node* next;
};class list{public:list();~list();int length()const; // 获得链表长度 error_code get_element(const int i, int& x)const; // 按序号取元素 node* locate(const int x)const; // 按值查找响应结点 error_code insert(const int i, const int x); // 插入结点 error_code delete_element(const int i); // 删除结点error_code display(); // 显示链表所有元素 node* get_head(); // 读取链表表头指针的函数void create_R(); // 表尾插入法建表void create_H(); // 表头插入法建表 private:int count;node* head;
};list::list(){count = 0;head = new node;head->next = NULL;
}list::~list(){for(int i = 1; i <= count; i++) delete_element(i);
}int list::length()const{node* p = head->next;int n = 0;while(p != NULL){n++;p = p->next;}return n;// 或者直接 return count;
} error_code list::get_element(const int i, int& x)const{node* p = new node;p = head->next;int j = 1;while(p != NULL && j != i){p = p->next;j++;}if(p == NULL) return range_error;x = p->data;return success;
}node* list::locate(const int x)const{node* p = new node;p = head->next;while(p != NULL){if(p->data == x) return p;elsep = p->next;}return NULL;
}error_code list::insert(const int i, const int x){if(i < 1 || i > count + 1) return range_error;node* p = new node;p = head; // 此时不能指向 head->next, 如果在第一个结点插入,那样会直接在while里死循环 int j = 0;while(j != i - 1 && p != NULL) // 搜索i-1结点 (p != NULL 的必要性??){p = p->next;j++;}node* s = new node;s->data = x;s->next = p->next;p->next = s;count++;return success;
} error_code list::delete_element(const int i){if(i < 1 || i > count) return range_error; node* p = new node;p = head;int j = 0;while(j != i - 1 && p != NULL){ // 搜索i-1结点 p = p->next;j++;}node* u = new node;u = p->next; // 指向待删除结点p->next = u->next; // 绕过待删除结点delete u;count--;return success;
}error_code list::display(){if(length() == 0) return underflow;node* s = new node;s = head->next;while(s != NULL){cout << s->data << " ";s = s->next;}cout << endl;return success;
}node* list::get_head(){return head;
}void list::create_R(){int x;cin >> x;node* rear = head; // 设置尾指针while(x != -1) // 设置结束符 {node* s = new node;s->data = x;rear->next = s;rear = s;rear->next = NULL;count++;cin >> x;}
} void list::create_H(){int x;cin >> x;while(x != -1) // 设置结束符{node* s = new node;s->data = x;s->next = head->next;head->next = s;count++;cin >> x;}
}bool ReferenceError(error_code a)
{if(a == underflow){cout << "underflow!!" << endl;return false;}if(a == range_error){cout << "range_error!!" << endl;return false;}return true;
}int main()
{list L;int d;L.create_H(); // 初始化链表 ReferenceError(L.display()); // 展示链表内容 cout << L.length() << endl; // 获得链表长度 ReferenceError(L.get_element(3, d)); // 按照索引获得值 cout << d << endl;ReferenceError(L.delete_element(3)); // 删除结点 ReferenceError(L.insert(1, 0)); // 插入结点 ReferenceError(L.display());return 0;
}
二:单循环链表
将单链表的表尾结点中的后继指针改为指向表头结点,就构成了单循环链表,而且单循环链表可以不带头结点,改为单循环链表后,搜索函数就需要改变,否则会进入死循环。
带头结点的单循环链表:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;enum error_code{success, underflow, range_error
};struct node{int data;node* next;
};class list{public:list();~list();int length()const;error_code get_element(const int i, int& x)const; node* locate(const int x)const; error_code insert(const int i, const int x); error_code delete_element(const int i);error_code display(); node* get_head();void create_R();void create_H();private:int count;node* head;
};list::list(){count = 0;head = new node;head->next = head;
}list::~list(){for(int i = 1; i <= count; i++) delete_element(i);
}int list::length()const{return count;
} error_code list::get_element(const int i, int& x)const{if(i < 1) return range_error;node* p = new node;p = head->next;int j = 1;while(j != i){p = p->next;j++;}x = p->data;return success;
}node* list::locate(const int x)const{node* p = new node;p = head->next;while(p != head){if(p->data == x) return p;elsep = p->next;}return NULL;
}error_code list::insert(const int i, const int x){if(i < 1 || i > count + 1) return range_error;node* p = new node;p = head; int j = 0;while(j != i - 1){p = p->next;j++;}node* s = new node;s->data = x;s->next = p->next;p->next = s;count++;return success;
} error_code list::delete_element(const int i){if(i < 1 || i > count) return range_error;if(count == 0) return underflow; node* p = new node;p = head;int j = 0;while(j != i - 1){p = p->next;j++;}node* u = new node;u = p->next;p->next = u->next;delete u;count--;return success;
}error_code list::display(){if(count == 0) return underflow;node* s = new node;s = head->next;while(s != head){cout << s->data << " ";s = s->next;}cout << endl;return success;
}node* list::get_head(){return head;
}void list::create_R(){int x;cin >> x;node* rear = head;while(x != -1){node* s = new node;s->data = x;rear->next = s;rear = s;rear->next = head;count++;cin >> x;}
} void list::create_H(){int x;cin >> x;while(x != -1){node* s = new node;s->data = x;s->next = head->next;head->next = s;count++;cin >> x;}
}bool ReferenceError(error_code a)
{if(a == underflow){cout << "underflow!!" << endl;return false;}if(a == range_error){cout << "range_error!!" << endl;return false;}return true;
}int main()
{list L;int d;L.create_R(); // 初始化 ReferenceError(L.display()); // 展示链表 cout << L.length() << endl; // 获得链表长度ReferenceError(L.get_element(10, d)); // 按照索引取值cout << d << endl; ReferenceError(L.insert(1, 0)); // 插入值 ReferenceError(L.delete_element(6)); // 删除值ReferenceError(L.display()); return 0;
}
三:链表案例
- 案例一:设计算法判断链表L中的元素是否是递增的,若递增,返回true,否则返回false
- 案例二:复制链表A中的内容到B表
- 案例三:已知递增有序列表A、B分别表示一个集合,设计算法实现A∩B,要求求解结果以相同方式存储。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;enum error_code{success, underflow, range_error
};struct node{int data;node* next;
};class list{public:list();~list();int length()const;error_code get_element(const int i, int& x)const; node* locate(const int x)const; error_code insert(const int i, const int x); error_code delete_element(const int i);error_code display(); node* get_head();void create_R();void create_H();private:int count;node* head;
};list::list(){count = 0;head = new node;head->next = NULL;
}list::~list(){for(int i = 1; i <= count; i++) delete_element(i);
}int list::length()const{return count;
} error_code list::get_element(const int i, int& x)const{node* p = new node;p = head->next;int j = 1;while(p != NULL && j != i){p = p->next;j++;}if(p == NULL) return range_error;x = p->data;return success;
}node* list::locate(const int x)const{node* p = new node;p = head->next;while(p != NULL){if(p->data == x) return p;elsep = p->next;}return NULL;
}error_code list::insert(const int i, const int x){if(i < 1 || i > count + 1) return range_error;node* p = new node;p = head; int j = 0;while(j != i - 1 && p != NULL){p = p->next;j++;}node* s = new node;s->data = x;s->next = p->next;p->next = s;count++;return success;
} error_code list::delete_element(const int i){if(i < 1 || i > count) return range_error; node* p = new node;p = head;int j = 0;while(j != i - 1 && p != NULL){p = p->next;j++;}node* u = new node;u = p->next;p->next = u->next;delete u;count--;return success;
}error_code list::display(){if(length() == 0) return underflow;node* s = new node;s = head->next;while(s != NULL){cout << s->data << " ";s = s->next;}cout << endl;return success;
}node* list::get_head(){return head;
}void list::create_R(){int x;cin >> x;node* rear = head;while(x != -1){node* s = new node;s->data = x;rear->next = s;rear = s;rear->next = NULL;count++;cin >> x;}
} void list::create_H(){int x;cin >> x;while(x != -1){node* s = new node;s->data = x;s->next = head->next;head->next = s;count++;cin >> x;}
}bool ReferenceError(error_code a)
{if(a == underflow){cout << "underflow!!" << endl;return false;}if(a == range_error){cout << "range_error!!" << endl;return false;}return true;
}// 判断是否递增
void isAdd()
{cout << "判断递增" << endl;// 初始化题目条件 list L;int d1, d2, i;L.create_R();ReferenceError(L.display());int length = L.length(); // 避免多次计算长度浪费性能 // 开始操作for(i = 1; i < length; i++){ReferenceError(L.get_element(i, d1));ReferenceError(L.get_element(i + 1, d2));if(d1 > d2){cout << "不是递增的!!" << endl;break; }}if(i == length)cout << "是递增的!!" << endl;
}// 复制链表
void copy()
{cout << "复制链表" << endl;// 初始化题目条件 list La, Lb;int ia, ib, d;La.create_R();ReferenceError(La.display());// 开始操作ia = La.length();for(ib = 1; ib <= ia; ib++){ReferenceError(La.get_element(ib, d));ReferenceError(Lb.insert(ib, d));}ReferenceError(Lb.display());
}// 实现 A ∩B
void intersection()
{cout << "实现交集" << endl;//初始化题目条件list La, Lb, Lc;int ia = 1, ib = 1, ic = 1; int x, y;La.create_R();Lb.create_R();ReferenceError(La.display());ReferenceError(Lb.display());// 开始操作int l1 = La.length();int l2 = Lb.length();while(ia <= l1 && ib <= l2){ReferenceError(La.get_element(ia, x));ReferenceError(Lb.get_element(ib, y));if(x == y){ReferenceError(Lc.insert(ic, x));ic++;ia++;ib++;}if(x > y){ReferenceError(Lc.insert(ic, y));ic++;ib++;}if(x < y){ReferenceError(Lc.insert(ic, x));ic++;ia++;} }while(ia <= l1){ReferenceError(La.get_element(ia, x));ReferenceError(Lc.insert(ic, x));ic++;ia++;}while(ib <= l2){ReferenceError(Lb.get_element(ib, y));ReferenceError(Lc.insert(ic, y));ic++;ib++;}ReferenceError(Lc.display());
}int main()
{// 判断是否递增isAdd();// 复制链表copy();// 实现 A ∩B intersection();return 0;
}
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