理解虚拟环境virtualenv VS. Docker

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• Overview

  virtualenv

  Docker

  virtualenv is not a real isolation, it’s a poor man’s isolation using path hacks and symlinks - you are still within your own operating system.

  Docker provides more isolation, but not as much as a full-on virtual machine.

  You could think of a container as a middle-ground between a virtualbox(heavy, expensive) and a virtualenv(light, cheap).

• Virtualenv

  virtualenv only encapsulates Python dependencies.

  With a Python vitualenv, you can easily switch between Python versions and dependencies, but you’re stuck with your host OS.

• Docker

  A docker container encapsulates an entire OS.

  With a Docker image, you can swap out the entire OS - install and run Python on Ubuntu, Debian, Alpine, even Windows Server Core.

• 汇总

  简单理解,vitualenv只是针对Python软件层面的虚拟封装,可以实现不同Python版本,不同模块之间的切换,不涉及操作系统.

  Docker是操作系统层面的封装,切换.

• References

1. What’s the difference between Docker and Python virtualenv?
2. what is the difference between vagrant, docker, virtualenv or just a virtual machine?
3. Docker Containers, Python Virtual Environments, & Virtual Machines

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