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两个独立的句子中间用一些含义不同的连接词连接；
状语从句用来表达两个句子之间的逻辑关系；
1.地点状语
2.方式状语从句
3.目的状语从句
4.结果状语从句
5.比较状语从句
6.时间状语从句
7.条件状语从句
8.原因状语从句
9.让步状语从句
1.地点状语
地点状语从句通常由where,wherever,everywhere引导；
Where Ilive there are plenty of trees.
Wherever you work, you will gain much valuable experience as long as you are willing to work.(Wherever=no matter where)
Everywhere they went, they were warmly received.
Where there is a will, there is a way.(where不能翻译为 在..地方，通常翻译为 如果，表示 在..条件下)
Where you are confident, you will succeed.
Where previously the bank had concentrated on the big infrastructure projects, suchas dams, roads and bridges, it begin to switch to projects which directly improved the basic services of a country.
2.方式状语从句
通常由 as, as if,as though, the way, what 引导；
(1)as从句带有比喻含义，“正如”，“就像”
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
When enter rome do as the romans do. 入乡随俗
(2)as if/though:"仿佛..似的","就像"；有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。
(3)the way:可以连接两个句子，"就像..一样"
I should do the job the way my father did.
Many Europeans now apparently view the US. the way many Americans view Mexican as a cheap place to vacation, shop and party.
(4)what:就像，犹如
Air is toman what/as water is to fish.(A is to B what C is to D)
ALGore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.(put sb on a path to a solution. 找到解决办法)
3.目的状语从句
可以由that , so that, in order that, lest(conj唯恐，以免),forfear that, in case 等词引导；
Lest:以防；从句中谓语动词必须用should+动词原形；(for fear that与其一致)
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
He took the umbrella with him lest it should rain.
In case: 以防；与lest不同,从句里的时态不做任何特殊变化；
Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.
Eg. A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down.
应当组织各种活动使参与者随心随意地保持活跃，并且他们转而参与到其他活动室既不会有所愧疚。也不会让其他参与者失望。
| Go on to somewhere | 从一个地方 继续到另一个地方 |
| Go on to do | 接着做 |
4.结果状语从句
常由so…that 或 such.. that引导； so保留，that可以省略；如此..以至于…;
Eg. He didn't abide by the contract so that he was fined.
| Abide |
|
He was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.
He made such an inspiring speech that everybody got excited.
So & Such 比较
So:
so+adj/adv + that;
so+ adj+a/an + n +that;
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
He run so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.
It was so hot a day that crops wilted.
| Wilt |
|
He is solovely a boy that everyone loves him.
Such:
such +a/an + adj + n + that.
It was such a hot day that crps wilted.
He is such a lovely boy that everyone loves him.
5.比较状语从句
Than,as..as…, not so as…, (not)the same as, the+比较级；
Light travels fast than sound.
The sooner, the better.
Eg. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school - the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling,trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.
6.时间状语从句
(1)当..时候：while , when,as ;
While:强调两个动作同时进行，一边…一边…;
My father is cooking while my mother is reading newspaper.
When:强调一件事情正在发生的时候，另一件事情突然发生；
When I was watching TV , my mother came back.
As:"随时间推移"
As time went by, the days became longer and longer.
(2)一…就…; as soon as, 主将从现;用directly ,immediately,instantly连接两个句子；
一些名词如the minute,the moment, the instant也可表示；no sooner..than,hardly..when后面的句子需要倒装。
(3)特殊单词
(4)till& until
7.条件状语从句
连接词: if,once, aslong as, on condation that
8.原因状语从句
连接词：because,since, as, for, now that, in that, owing to, due to, thanks to, because of, as a result of;
比较：because,since,as和for
because语势最强， 说明 人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题；
I didn't go, because I was afraid;
原因是显而易见的或已为人知的，用as 或 since；
Since/As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替;
He is absent today, because/for he is ill.
如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for;
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
Now that : 既然
Now that this semester is finished, I am going to rest a few days and take a trip.
In that : 因为，通常只能放在句中，强调重要的，唯一的原因。
Humanbeings are different from animals in that human can speak and think.
Owning to ,due to, thanks to, because of, as a result of等短语后面只能接词或短语,不能接从句；
9.让步状语从句
常见的连接词有 though，although，as，while，eventhough
区分though，although,as
Although/thoughhe is a child, he can live by himself.
as表示 虽然 的时候，要进行倒装；
Child as/though he is, he can live by himself;
Although/though she works very hard, she makes very little progress.
Hard as she works, she makes very little progress.
Although/though she is young, she has travelled to many countries to put shows.
Young as she is ,she has travelled to many countries to put shows.
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