2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>
需求分析
前情提要
同心多扇形图,用于表示树形数据结构以及每一层级节点在该层总量中占比。
原始数据结构:
{"name": "师资队伍","value": 19,"children": [{"name": "基本情况","value": 3,"children": [{"name": "师资规模","value": 2},{"name": "进修情况","value": 1}]},{"name": "师资结构","value": 6,"children": [{"name": "职称结构","value": 2},{"name": "学历结构","value": 1},{"name": "学缘结构","value": 3}]},{"name": "师资水平","value": 10,"children": [{"name": "资深学术权威","value": 2},{"name": "中年领军专家","value": 2},{"name": "青年拔尖英才","value": 4},{"name": "国际知名学者","value": 2}]}]
}
以上仅显示了一个根节点,其他根节点的数据结构类似。
PS: 子节点值相加,和等于父节点的值。
需求定义
- 绘制同心多级扇形图,可视化显示节点数值以及在同深度占比情况。
- 当某一根节点legend点击隐藏或显示时,动态更新其关联的所有子节点。
echarts
简介
echarts是一款JS可视化图表生成工具,由百度提供.
GitHub:
https://github.com/ecomfe/echarts
官网:
http://echarts.baidu.com/index.html
相比于其他图表生成工具:
- D3: https://github.com/d3/d3 (国外,开源,免费)
- highCharts: https://github.com/highcharts/highcharts(国外, 企业版收费)
等, echarts 的风格对国内开发者来说, 显然更加友好。
获取引入
NPM:
npm install echarts --save
下载地址:
http://echarts.baidu.com/download.html
CDN:
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/echarts/3.8.5/echarts.min.js
情景分析
通过查看echarts官方实例(CV大法),我们可以轻松实现 要求1 :
绘制同心多级扇形图,可视化显示节点数值以及在同深度占比情况。
http://echarts.baidu.com/demo.html#pie-nest
然而即使翻遍文档也没有可拿的代码来实现 要求2:
当点击legend 控制节点数据的隐藏或显示时,动态更新其关联的所有子节点。
PS: CV大法虽好使,可不要过度依赖!
需求实现
演变数据结构
显然,原始数据结构在这里很畸形,我们需要解析并更改使之更适用于现在这种情形。
无论使用循环还是递归来演变(这里省略了这一过程,线性组合),我们需要的最终数据结构如下:
{"level1": [{"name": "师资队伍","color": "#2196F3","category": 0,"value": 19}],"level2": [{"name": "基本情况","color": "#2196F3","category": 0,"value": 3},{"name": "师资结构","color": "#E3F2FD","category": 0,"value": 6},{"name": "师资水平","color": "#BBDEFB","category": 0,"value": 10}],"level3": [{"name": "师资规模","color": "#2196F3","category": 0,"value": 2},{"name": "进修情况","color": "#E3F2FD","category": 0,"value": 1},{"name": "职称结构","color": "#BBDEFB","category": 0,"value": 2},{"name": "学历结构","color": "#90CAF9","category": 0,"value": 1},{"name": "学缘结构","color": "#64B5F6","category": 0,"value": 3},{"name": "资深学术权威","color": "#42A5F5","category": 0,"value": 2},{"name": "中年领军专家","color": "#2196F3","category": 0,"value": 2},{"name": "青年拔尖英才","color": "#1E88E5","category": 0,"value": 4},{"name": "国际知名学者","color": "#1976D2","category": 0,"value": 2}]
}
数据联动
一切关联问题的解决, 都只在于一个唯一标识的确立,这里我们使用的是 category (根节点数组下标)。
万事俱备,只欠一个 触发事件(国内外知名插件对于事件的封装和处理都很到位,API也是极尽简单)。
翻阅文档: http://echarts.baidu.com/api.html#events
legend点选事件:
myChart.on('legendselectchanged', function (params) {console.log(params);
});
具体实现可在 源码 中查看。
PS
别问我color怎么来的,我会告诉你吗?
如果翻墙了,可以参考这个网站(专业配色):
https://material.io/guidelines/style/color.html#color-color-palette
部分颜色截图:
我把这些组成了一个JSON以备不时之需, 如下所示:
{"data": [{"category": "蓝色","color": "#2196F3","sub": ["#2196F3","#E3F2FD", "#BBDEFB", "#90CAF9", "#64B5F6", "#42A5F5","#2196F3", "#1E88E5", "#1976D2", "#1565C0", "#0D47A1","#82B1FF", "#448AFF", "#2979FF", "#2962FF"]},{"category": "红色","color": "#F44336","sub": ["#F44336","#FFEBEE", "#FFCDD2", "#EF9A9A", "#E57373", "#EF5350","#F44336", "#E53935", "#D32F2F", "#C62828", "#B71C1C","#FF8A80", "#FF5252", "#FF1744", "#D50000"]},{"category": "绿色","color": "#4CAF50","sub": ["#4CAF50","#E8F5E9", "#C8E6C9", "#A5D6A7", "#81C784", "#66BB6A","#4CAF50", "#43A047", "#388E3C", "#2E7D32", "#1B5E20"]},{"category": "橘色","color": "#FF9800","sub": ["#FFF3E0","#FFE0B2", "#FFCC80", "#FFB74D", "#FFA726", "#FF9800","#FB8C00", "#F57C00", "#EF6C00", "#E65100", "#FFD180","#FFAB40", "#FF9100", "#FF6D00"]},{"category": "紫色","color": "#9C27B0","sub": ["#F3E5F5","#E1BEE7", "#CE93D8", "#BA68C8", "#AB47BC", "#9C27B0","#8E24AA", "#7B1FA2", "#6A1B9A", "#4A148C", "#EA80FC","#E040FB", "#D500F9", "#AA00FF"]}]
}
源码
我将这一段代码单独提取出来放在这里, 本地新建.html文件, 复制粘贴即可在浏览器查看:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>chart</title> </head> <body><div id="graph" style="height: 600px;"></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/echarts/3.8.5/echarts.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">(function(config){let chart = echarts.init(document.getElementById("graph"));/*** @params params* params.name 标识当前点击的legend* params.selected 标识当前选中的legend集合*/chart.on('legendselectchanged', function (params) {let options = this.getOption(), keys = Object.keys(params.selected), selected = [];// 获取选中目录的 category 值for(let item of keys) {if(params.selected[item]) {for(let term of config.level1)if(item == term.name)selected.push(term.category);}}// 根据 category 获取 series 中 data 数据项options.series[1].data = config.level2.filter(item => {return selected.includes(item.category);});options.series[2].data = config.level3.filter(item => {return selected.includes(item.category);});this.setOption(options);});chart.setOption({tooltip: {trigger: 'item',formatter: "{a} <br/>{b}: {c} ({d}%)"},legend: {orient: 'vertical',x: 'left',data:['师资队伍','学科建设','人才培养','科学研究','国际化程度']},series: [{name:'一级指标',type:'pie',label: {normal: {show: false,}},itemStyle: {normal: {/*** 自定义饼图 扇形 颜色* @param params*/color(params) {return params.data.color;}}},radius: ['15%', '30%'],data: config.level1},{name:'二级指标',type:'pie',label: {normal: {show: false,}},itemStyle: {normal: {color(params) {return params.data.color;}}},radius: ['40%', '55%'],data: config.level2},{name:'三级指标',type:'pie',radius: ['65%', '80%'],itemStyle: {normal: {color(params) {return params.data.color;}}},data: config.level3}]});})({"level1": [{name: "师资队伍",color: "#2196F3",category: 0,value: 19},{name: "学科建设",color: "#F44336",category: 1,value: 10},{name: "人才培养",color: "#4CAF50",category: 2,value: 21},{name: "科学研究",color: "#FF9800",category: 3,value: 35},{name: "国际化程度",color: "#9C27B0",category: 4,value: 6}],"level2": [{name: "基本情况",color: "#2196F3",category: 0,value: 3},{name: "师资结构",color: "#E3F2FD",category: 0,value: 6},{name: "师资水平",color: "#BBDEFB",category: 0,value: 10},{name: "学科基础",color: "#F44336",category: 1,value: 7},{name: "学科水平",color: "#FFEBEE",category: 1,value: 3},{name: "基本情况",color: "#4CAF50",category: 2,value: 4},{name: "培养条件",color: "#E8F5E9",category: 2,value: 7},{name: "培养结果",color: "#C8E6C9",category: 2,value: 10},{name: "科研条件",color: "#FFF3E0",category: 3,value: 2},{name: "科研项目",color: "#FFE0B2",category: 3,value: 10},{name: "科研论文",color: "#FFCC80",category: 3,value: 11},{name: "科研获奖",color: "#FFB74D",category: 3,value: 12},{name: "国际化人员",color: "#F3E5F5",category: 4,value: 2},{name: "合作教学",color: "#E1BEE7",category: 4,value: 2},{name: "国际化成果",color: "#CE93D8",category: 4,value: 2}],"level3": [{name: "师资规模",color: "#2196F3",category: 0,value: 2},{name: "进修情况",color: "#E3F2FD",category: 0,value: 1},{name: "职称结构",color: "#BBDEFB",category: 0,value: 2},{name: "学历结构",color: "#90CAF9",category: 0,value: 1},{name: "学缘结构",color: "#64B5F6",category: 0,value: 3},{name: "资深学术权威",color: "#42A5F5",category: 0,value: 2},{name: "中年领军专家",color: "#2196F3",category: 0,value: 2},{name: "青年拔尖英才",color: "#1E88E5",category: 0,value: 4},{name: "国际知名学者",color: "#1976D2",category: 0,value: 2},{name: "建设基础",color: "#F44336",category: 1,value: 2},{name: "建设强度",color: "#FFEBEE",category: 1,value: 2},{name: "学科层次",color: "#FFCDD2",category: 1,value: 3},{name: "学科排名",color: "#EF9A9A",category: 1,value: 2},{name: "学科竞争力",color: "#E57373",category: 1,value: 1},{name: "研究生培养规模",color: "#4CAF50",category: 2,value: 3},{name: "培养层次",color: "#E8F5E9",category: 2,value: 1},{name: "课程资源",color: "#C8E6C9",category: 2,value: 4},{name: "教授任课情况",color: "#A5D6A7",category: 2,value: 3},{name: "教学成果",color: "#81C784",category: 2,value: 5},{name: "毕业生就业情况",color: "#66BB6A",category: 2,value: 1},{name: "造就学术人才",color: "#4CAF50",category: 2,value: 4},{name: "科研经费",color: "#FFF3E0",category: 3,value: 2},{name: "重大重点项目",color: "#FFE0B2",category: 3,value: 6},{name: "一般青年项目",color: "#FFCC80",category: 3,value: 4},{name: "中文期刊论文",color: "#FFB74D",category: 3,value: 1},{name: "中文顶尖期刊论文",color: "#FFA726",category: 3,value: 1},{name: "国际期刊论文",color: "#FF9800",category: 3,value: 5},{name: "国际顶尖期刊论文",color: "#FB8C00",category: 3,value: 2},{name: "专著专利",color: "#F57C00",category: 3,value: 2},{name: "国际三大科技奖",color: "#EF6C00",category: 3,value: 7},{name: "社会科学重大成果",color: "#E65100",category: 3,value: 4},{name: "国际权威奖项",color: "#FFD180",category: 3,value: 1},{name: "国际化教师",color: "#F3E5F5",category: 4,value: 1},{name: "国际化学生",color: "#E1BEE7",category: 4,value: 1},{name: "合作教学",color: "#CE93D8",category: 4,value: 2},{name: "国际合作论文",color: "#BA68C8",category: 4,value: 2}]}); </script> </body> </html>