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#include <iostream>
using namespace std;class Human
{
public:virtual void eat(){cout << "Human: virtual void eat()" << endl;}void sleep() // 非虚函数,不具有多态性{cout << "Human: void sleep()" << endl;}
};class Man : public Human
{
public:virtual void eat() // 此处的virtual可省略,但最好不要省略{cout << "Man: virtual void eat()" << endl;}void sleep(){cout << "Man: void sleep()" << endl;}
};int main()
{Human *p, h;Man m;p = &h;p->eat();p->sleep();p = &m;p->eat();p->sleep();return 0;
}
结果为:
Human: virtual void eat()
Human: void sleep()
Man: virtual void eat()
Human: void sleep()
多态(动态多态)条件:1. 发生在基类和派生类之间;2.都是虚函数;3.函数首部要相同(注意:如果返回值类型不同,则会报错啊,我以前不知道这一点,还以为即使返回值不一样,也可以通过晚绑定来实现多态呢!)。
上面的程序也可以改成引用形式:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;class Human
{
public:virtual void eat(){cout << "Human: virtual void eat()" << endl;}void sleep() // 非虚函数,不具有多态性{cout << "Human: void sleep()" << endl;}
};class Man : public Human
{
public:virtual void eat() // 此处的virtual可省略,但最好不要省略{cout << "Man: virtual void eat()" << endl;}void sleep(){cout << "Man: void sleep()" << endl;}
};void testEat(Human & b)
{b.eat();
}void testSleep(Human & b)
{b.sleep();
}int main()
{Human h;Man m;testEat(h);testSleep(h);testEat(m);testSleep(m);return 0;
}
结果为指针形式的结果一样。在下面的讨论中,我们采用指针的形式,继续看程序:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;class Human
{
public:virtual void eat(){cout << "Human: virtual void eat()" << endl;}
};class Man : public Human
{
public:// error C2555: 'Man::eat' : overriding virtual function differs // from 'Human::eat' only by return type or calling conventionvirtual int eat(){cout << "Man: virtual int eat()" << endl;}
};int main()
{Human *p, h;Man m;p = &h;p->eat();p = &m;p->eat();return 0;
}
由上面的程序可知,仅仅返回值不同,会报错啊(我以前以为这样也可以有多态性呢)。继续看:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;class Human
{
public:virtual void eat(int a){cout << "Human: virtual void eat(int a)" << endl;}
};class Man : public Human
{
public:virtual void eat(float a) // 不具有多态性{cout << "Man: virtual void eat(float a)" << endl;}
};int main()
{Human *p, h;Man m;p = &h;p->eat(1);p = &m;p->eat(1);return 0;
}
结果为:
Human: virtual void eat(int a)
Human: virtual void eat(int a)
现在,总该对多态有基本的认识了吧。
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