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罗曼III编码
罗曼和郎恩利用迂回相位效应制成迂回相位全息图有三类,现在对最常见的罗曼III型编码进行说明。矩形通光孔径的宽度为定值 B m n B_{mn} Bmn,高度 H m n H_{mn} Hmn随采样点(m,n)的振幅值 A m n A_{mn} Amn 的变化而改变, d m n d_{mn} dmn透明孔的中心偏离抽样点的距离,偏离的距离随采样点(m,n)相位 Φ m n \Phi_{mn} Φmn 而变化。设物函数是第(m,n)个抽样点的表示 [ 1 − 5 ] ^{[1-5]} [1−5]。
Φ m n = A m n e x p [ j ϕ m n ] \Phi_{mn}=A_{mn}exp[j\phi _{mn}] Φmn=Amnexp[jϕmn]
即通过矩形孔的高度 H m n H_{mn} Hmn 和矩形孔的位置来编码复波前的频谱的振幅和相位,图中各参量对应的关系为
H m n = A m n y \ H_{mn} = A_{mn}y Hmn=Amny
d m n = x 0 Φ m n / 2 π \ d_{mn} = x_{0}\Phi_{mn}/2\pi dmn=x0Φmn/2π
B m n = B \ B_{mn} = B Bmn=B
m x 0 mx_{0} mx0, n y 0 ny_{0} ny0 表示抽样单元的中心,模拟实验是采用’光’字作为实验对象,大小为N×N=64×64,为方便计算,计算全息图的单元划分为s×s,通过孔的宽度设置为s/2,所以罗曼III迂回相位编码的全息图大小为(64×s) ×(64×s),而不是傅里叶频谱相同的64×64像素。因而,模拟重建时的图像会有很多级次同时出现。MATLAB程序如下,仅供参考。
U0=imread('guang.bmp');
U0=double(U0(:,:,1));
r=64; c=64;
U0=imresize(U0,[r,c]);
figure,imshow(U0,[])
[r,c]=size(U0);
ef1=0.8;
FU0=fftshift(fft2(U0.*exp(j.*rands(r,c).*pi.*ef1)));
Am=abs(FU0);
Ph=mod(angle(FU0),2*pi);
Ph=Ph./2/pi;
w=3; %通光孔径的宽度(设为偶数)
wth=round(w/2); %通光孔径的一半
s=6; %设置编码单元的大小(像素)
CGH=zeros(r*s,c*s);
%= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
%(罗曼Ⅲ型)
maxAm=max(abs(FU0(:)));
ef2=1.5;
th=maxAm/ef2;
Am(Am>th)=th;
lmn=round(Am/th*w);
pmn=round(Ph*w); %将相位量化到0,1,2,…,w
%= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
%全息图赋值
for m=1:r; for n=1:c; cgh=zeros(s,s); if lmn(m,n)==0; %对模不为零的点进行编码elseif pmn(m,n)<=wth %相位值小于π/2,不出现模式溢出cgh(w+1-lmn(m,n):w+lmn(m,n),w-wth+pmn(m,n)+1:2*w-wth+pmn(m,n))=1;elseif pmn(m,n)>wth %相位值大于π/2,出现模式溢出cgh(w+1-lmn(m,n):w+lmn(m,n),w-wth+pmn(m,n)+1:s)=1;cgh(w+1-lmn(m,n):w+lmn(m,n),1:pmn(m,n)-wth)=1;endCGH((m-1)*s+1:m*s,(n-1)*s+1:n*s)=cgh;%将生成的抽样单元放到计算全息图中end
end
figure;imshow(CGH,[]);
%= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
%再现运算
RU=fftshift(ifft2(CGH));
RI=RU.*conj(RU);
figure;imshow(RI,[0,max(RI(:))/1000]),colormap(pink);
参考文献
[1 ] 古德曼 ,傅里叶光学导论[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2006,第3版
[2] 钱晓凡,信息光学数字实验室[M],北京:科学出版社,2014
[3]陈家壁,苏显渝.光学信息技术原理及应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[4]虞祖良,金国藩. 计算机制全息图[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,1984
[5 ]于美文.光全息学及其应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1996
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