本文主要是介绍Linux电子书项目之freetype实现矢量字体的显示(2),希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
上一篇博文我们通过点阵数组实现了字母的显示:http://blog.csdn.net/shenhuan1104/article/details/79476053
现在我们通过freetype这个框架在PC和单板LCD上分别实现矢量字体的显示。
一、PC上矢量字体的显示
(1)矢量字体原理:存储一些关健点,然后通过贝塞尔曲线连接。
(2)显示实现过程:
- 给定一个文字,确定它的编码值;
- 根据编码值从字体文件中找到它的“glyph”;
- 设置字体大小;
- 转换为位图点阵;
- 在LCD上显示;
- /* example1.c */
- /* */
- /* This small program shows how to print a rotated string with the */
- /* FreeType 2 library. */
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <math.h>
- #include <ft2build.h>
- #include FT_FREETYPE_H
- #define WIDTH 80
- #define HEIGHT 80
- /* origin is the upper left corner */
- unsigned char image[HEIGHT][WIDTH];
- /* Replace this function with something useful. */
- void
- draw_bitmap( FT_Bitmap* bitmap,
- FT_Int x,
- FT_Int y)
- {
- FT_Int i, j, p, q;
- FT_Int x_max = x + bitmap->width;
- FT_Int y_max = y + bitmap->rows;
- for ( i = x, p = 0; i < x_max; i++, p++ )
- {
- for ( j = y, q = 0; j < y_max; j++, q++ )
- {
- if ( i < 0 || j < 0 ||
- i >= WIDTH || j >= HEIGHT )
- continue;
- image[j][i] |= bitmap->buffer[q * bitmap->width + p];
- }
- }
- }
- void
- show_image( void )
- {
- int i, j;
- for ( i = 0; i < HEIGHT; i++ )
- {
- for ( j = 0; j < WIDTH; j++ )
- putchar( image[i][j] == 0 ? ' '
- : image[i][j] < 128 ? '+'
- : '*' );
- putchar( '\n' );
- }
- }
- int
- main( int argc,
- char** argv )
- {
- FT_Library library;
- FT_Face face;
- FT_GlyphSlot slot;
- FT_Matrix matrix; /* transformation matrix */
- FT_Vector pen; /* untransformed origin */
- FT_Error error;
- char* filename;
- char* text;
- double angle;
- int target_height;
- int n, num_chars;
- if ( argc != 3 )
- {
- fprintf ( stderr, "usage: %s font sample-text\n", argv[0] );
- exit( 1 );
- }
- filename = argv[1]; /* first argument */
- text = argv[2]; /* second argument */
- num_chars = strlen( text );
- angle = ( 0.0 / 360 ) * 3.14159 * 2; /* use 25 degrees */
- target_height = HEIGHT;
- error = FT_Init_FreeType( &library ); /* 初始化 initialize library */
- /* error handling omitted */
- error = FT_New_Face( library, argv[1], 0, &face ); /* 打开字体文件argv[1] create face object */
- /* error handling omitted */
- #if 0
- /* use 50pt at 100dpi */
- error = FT_Set_Char_Size( face, 50 * 64, 0,
- 100, 0 ); /* 设置字符大小 set character size */
- /* pixels = 50 /72 * 100 = 69 */
- //50*64/64/72(多少英寸) *100 100:每个英寸有多少个像素点
- #else
- FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes(face, 24, 0); //24像素大小 类似于点阵里点的个数。高度=宽度=24
- #endif
- /* error handling omitted */
- slot = face->glyph; //取出关键点后存在face里的glyph里面
- /* set up matrix */
- matrix.xx = (FT_Fixed)( cos( angle ) * 0x10000L );
- matrix.xy = (FT_Fixed)(-sin( angle ) * 0x10000L );
- matrix.yx = (FT_Fixed)( sin( angle ) * 0x10000L );
- matrix.yy = (FT_Fixed)( cos( angle ) * 0x10000L );
- /* the pen position in 26.6 cartesian space coordinates; */
- /* start at (0,40):lcd relative to the upper left corner */
- pen.x = 0 * 64;
- pen.y = ( target_height - 40 ) * 64; //此处是笛卡尔坐标。原点在左下角
- //lcd里原点在左上角 x‘=x y’=hight-y
- for ( n = 0; n < num_chars; n++ )
- {
- /* set transformation */
- FT_Set_Transform( face, &matrix, &pen ); //旋转 matrix:旋转矩阵
- /* load glyph image into the slot (erase previous one) */
- error = FT_Load_Char( face, text[n], FT_LOAD_RENDER );// FT_Load_Char:找到;取出;转换为位图;=那三个函数
- if ( error ) //FT_LOAD_RENDER: glyph立刻转换为位图
- //text:unicode ascii编码
- continue; /* ignore errors */
- /* now, draw to our target surface (convert position) */
- draw_bitmap( &slot->bitmap, //draw_bitmap:打印出来 bitmap里面含有点阵存到image数组中
- slot->bitmap_left,
- target_height - slot->bitmap_top );
- /* increment pen position */
- pen.x += slot->advance.x;
- pen.y += slot->advance.y;
- }
- show_image(); //打印image数组
- FT_Done_Face ( face );
- FT_Done_FreeType( library );
- return 0;
- }
- /* EOF */
(4)freetype文件的编译需要库,所以需要提前编译freetype产生编译freetype函数的环境。生成响应的库。
安装配置freetype_PC::
tar xjf freetype-2.4.10.tar.bz2
mv freetype-2.4.10 freetype-2.4.10_pc
cd freetype-2.4.10_pc/
./configure
make
sudo make install
(5)编译
gcc -o example1 example1.c -I/usr/local/include/freetype2/ -lfreetype -lm
(6)执行
./example1 ./simsun.ttc abc
二、ARM上显示矢量字体
(1)交叉编译freetype库文件
tar xjf freetype-2.4.10.tar.bz2
./configure --host=arm-linux
make
make DESTDIR=$PWD/tmp install
把tmp/usr/local/lib/* 复制到/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/lib
sudo cp */usr/local/arm/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/lib -d -rf
把tmp/usr/local/include/* 复制到/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include
cp */usr/local/arm/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include -rf
(2)编译
arm-linux-gcc -finput-charset=GBK -oexample1 example1.c -lfreetype -lm
(3)修改代码在LCD上显示矢量字体
- #include <sys/mman.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <linux/fb.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <math.h>
- #include <wchar.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <ft2build.h>
- #include FT_FREETYPE_H
- #include FT_GLYPH_H
- #define FONTDATAMAX 4096
- static const unsigned char fontdata_8x16[FONTDATAMAX] = {
- };
- int fd_fb;
- struct fb_var_screeninfo var; /* Current var */
- struct fb_fix_screeninfo fix; /* Current fix */
- int screen_size;
- unsigned char *fbmem;
- unsigned int line_width;
- unsigned int pixel_width;
- int fd_hzk16;
- struct stat hzk_stat;
- unsigned char *hzkmem;
- /* color : 0x00RRGGBB */
- void lcd_put_pixel(int x, int y, unsigned int color)
- {
- unsigned char *pen_8 = fbmem+y*line_width+x*pixel_width;
- unsigned short *pen_16;
- unsigned int *pen_32;
- unsigned int red, green, blue;
- pen_16 = (unsigned short *)pen_8;
- pen_32 = (unsigned int *)pen_8;
- switch (var.bits_per_pixel)
- {
- case 8:
- {
- *pen_8 = color;
- break;
- }
- case 16:
- {
- /* 565 */
- red = (color >> 16) & 0xff;
- green = (color >> 8) & 0xff;
- blue = (color >> 0) & 0xff;
- color = ((red >> 3) << 11) | ((green >> 2) << 5) | (blue >> 3);
- *pen_16 = color;
- break;
- }
- case 32:
- {
- *pen_32 = color;
- break;
- }
- default:
- {
- printf("can't surport %dbpp\n", var.bits_per_pixel);
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- void lcd_put_ascii(int x, int y, unsigned char c)
- {
- unsigned char *dots = (unsigned char *)&fontdata_8x16[c*16];
- int i, b;
- unsigned char byte;
- for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
- {
- byte = dots[i];
- for (b = 7; b >= 0; b--)
- {
- if (byte & (1<<b))
- {
- /* show */
- lcd_put_pixel(x+7-b, y+i, 0xffffff); /* 白 */
- }
- else
- {
- /* hide */
- lcd_put_pixel(x+7-b, y+i, 0); /* 黑 */
- }
- }
- }
- }
- void lcd_put_chinese(int x, int y, unsigned char *str)
- {
- unsigned int area = str[0] - 0xA1;
- unsigned int where = str[1] - 0xA1;
- unsigned char *dots = hzkmem + (area * 94 + where)*32;
- unsigned char byte;
- int i, j, b;
- for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
- for (j = 0; j < 2; j++)
- {
- byte = dots[i*2 + j];
- for (b = 7; b >=0; b--)
- {
- if (byte & (1<<b))
- {
- /* show */
- lcd_put_pixel(x+j*8+7-b, y+i, 0xffffff); /* 白 */
- }
- else
- {
- /* hide */
- lcd_put_pixel(x+j*8+7-b, y+i, 0); /* 黑 */
- }
- }
- }
- }
- /* Replace this function with something useful. */
- void
- draw_bitmap( FT_Bitmap* bitmap,
- FT_Int x,
- FT_Int y)
- {
- FT_Int i, j, p, q;
- FT_Int x_max = x + bitmap->width;
- FT_Int y_max = y + bitmap->rows;
- //printf("x = %d, y = %d\n", x, y);
- for ( i = x, p = 0; i < x_max; i++, p++ )
- {
- for ( j = y, q = 0; j < y_max; j++, q++ )
- {
- if ( i < 0 || j < 0 ||
- i >= var.xres || j >= var.yres )
- continue;
- //image[j][i] |= bitmap->buffer[q * bitmap->width + p];
- lcd_put_pixel(i, j, bitmap->buffer[q * bitmap->width + p]);
- }
- }
- }
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- unsigned char str[] = "中";
- wchar_t *chinese_str = L"繁";
- FT_Library library;
- FT_Face face;
- int error;
- FT_Vector pen;
- FT_GlyphSlot slot;
- FT_Matrix matrix; /* transformation matrix */
- double angle;
- if (argc != 3)
- {
- printf("Usage : %s <font_file> <angle>\n", argv[0]);
- return -1;
- }
- fd_fb = open("/dev/fb0", O_RDWR);
- if (fd_fb < 0)
- {
- printf("can't open /dev/fb0\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if (ioctl(fd_fb, FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO, &var))
- {
- printf("can't get var\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if (ioctl(fd_fb, FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO, &fix))
- {
- printf("can't get fix\n");
- return -1;
- }
- line_width = var.xres * var.bits_per_pixel / 8;
- pixel_width = var.bits_per_pixel / 8;
- screen_size = var.xres * var.yres * var.bits_per_pixel / 8;
- fbmem = (unsigned char *)mmap(NULL , screen_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd_fb, 0);
- if (fbmem == (unsigned char *)-1)
- {
- printf("can't mmap\n");
- return -1;
- }
- fd_hzk16 = open("HZK16", O_RDONLY);
- if (fd_hzk16 < 0)
- {
- printf("can't open HZK16\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if(fstat(fd_hzk16, &hzk_stat))
- {
- printf("can't get fstat\n");
- return -1;
- }
- hzkmem = (unsigned char *)mmap(NULL , hzk_stat.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd_hzk16, 0);
- if (hzkmem == (unsigned char *)-1)
- {
- printf("can't mmap for hzk16\n");
- return -1;
- }
- /* 清屏: 全部设为黑色 */
- memset(fbmem, 0, screen_size);
- lcd_put_ascii(var.xres/2, var.yres/2, 'A');
- printf("chinese code: %02x %02x\n", str[0], str[1]);
- lcd_put_chinese(var.xres/2 + 8, var.yres/2, str);
- /* 显示矢量字体 */
- error = FT_Init_FreeType( &library ); /* initialize library */
- /* error handling omitted */
- error = FT_New_Face( library, argv[1], 0, &face ); /* create face object */
- /* error handling omitted */
- slot = face->glyph;
- FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes(face, 24, 0);
- /* 确定座标:
- * lcd_x = var.xres/2 + 8 + 16
- * lcd_y = var.yres/2 + 16
- * 笛卡尔座标系:
- * x = lcd_x = var.xres/2 + 8 + 16
- * y = var.yres - lcd_y = var.yres/2 - 16
- */
- pen.x = (var.xres/2 + 8 + 16) * 64;
- pen.y = (var.yres/2 - 16) * 64;
- angle = ( 1.0 * strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0) / 360 ) * 3.14159 * 2; /* use 25 degrees */
- /* set up matrix */
- matrix.xx = (FT_Fixed)( cos( angle ) * 0x10000L );
- matrix.xy = (FT_Fixed)(-sin( angle ) * 0x10000L );
- matrix.yx = (FT_Fixed)( sin( angle ) * 0x10000L );
- matrix.yy = (FT_Fixed)( cos( angle ) * 0x10000L );
- /* set transformation */
- FT_Set_Transform( face, &matrix, &pen);
- /* load glyph image into the slot (erase previous one) */
- error = FT_Load_Char( face, chinese_str[0], FT_LOAD_RENDER );
- if (error)
- {
- printf("FT_Load_Char error\n");
- return -1;
- }
- draw_bitmap( &slot->bitmap,
- slot->bitmap_left,
- var.yres - slot->bitmap_top);
- return 0;
- }
这篇关于Linux电子书项目之freetype实现矢量字体的显示(2)的文章就介绍到这儿,希望我们推荐的文章对编程师们有所帮助!