本文主要是介绍Say bye to CMake and Makefile，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
用了几年的CMake，最近想试着琢磨如何将C++应用的动态链接全部改成静态链接，发现还需要研究CMake的用法，进入CMake的文档，
http://www.cmake.org/cmake/help/syntax.html
看到这句：
In many ways writing a CMakeLists file is like a writing a program in a simple language. Like most languages CMake provides flow control structures to help you along your way. CMake provides three flow control structures:过去CMake帮助了我，因为我对写Makefile很厌烦，CMake让我能够设计良好的目录结构，不要再自己实现目录树递归的Makefile脚本。
但是时至今天，对于已经熟练掌握newlisp语言的我，还有什么比用newlisp来实现脚本更强大的工具，为什么我还用CMake？我并不需要考虑跨平台编译，我只是在实践Linux服务器上的C++编程。我仅仅使用GCC作为编译器。直接用newlisp来控制GCC，可以让我直接使用GCC，更深层次的理解编译器的行为。
说做就做，本着仍然不改变原有CMake工程的精神，创建了几个newlisp脚本实现递归目录树，编译文件，最后动态或者静态链接。
现在介绍一下使用。这个CppCMS程序目录结构是：
tree -L 4
.
├── builder
│ ├── build_config.lsp
│ ├── compile.lsp
│ ├── compile.lsp~
│ ├── dlink.lsp
│ ├── dlink.lsp~
│ ├── g++.lsp
│ ├── link.lsp~
│ ├── rebuild.lsp
│ ├── slink.lsp
│ ├── slink.lsp~
│ └── tmpl.lsp
├── codes
│ ├── main
│ │ ├── build
│ │ ├── CMakeLists.txt
│ │ ├── conf.d
│ │ │ ├── ca-certs.crt
│ │ │ ├── site.crt
│ │ │ ├── ssl.key
│ │ │ ├── ssl-pwd.key
│ │ │ ├── site.conf
│ │ │ ├── default.conf_bk
│ │ │ ├── example_ssl.conf
│ │ │ ├── fastcgi.cml
│ │ │ ├── nginx_signing.key
│ │ │ ├── server.crt
│ │ │ ├── server.csr
│ │ │ ├── server.key
│ │ │ └── server.key.org
│ │ ├── config.js
│ │ ├── create_deploy.sh
│ │ ├── include
│ │ │ ├── bean
│ │ │ ├── configuration.h
│ │ │ ├── controller
│ │ │ ├── display.h
│ │ │ ├── displays.h
│ │ │ ├── exception
│ │ │ ├── group.h
│ │ │ ├── groups.h
│ │ │ ├── helper
│ │ │ ├── module
│ │ │ ├── my_application.h
│ │ │ ├── response.h
│ │ │ ├── service
│ │ │ └── web_user.h
│ │ ├── install.sh
│ │ ├── jscheck
│ │ │ ├── pom.xml
│ │ │ └── src
│ │ ├── proto
│ │ │ ├── build.sh
│ │ │ ├── input
│ │ │ └── output
│ │ ├── resources
│ │ │ ├── html
│ │ │ ├── images
│ │ │ ├── plugin
│ │ │ ├── script
│ │ │ └── style
│ │ ├── src
│ │ │ ├── bean
│ │ │ ├── CMakeLists.txt
│ │ │ ├── controller
│ │ │ ├── display.cpp
│ │ │ ├── displays.cpp
│ │ │ ├── group.cpp
│ │ │ ├── groups.cpp
│ │ │ ├── helper
│ │ │ ├── main.cpp
│ │ │ ├── module
│ │ │ ├── my_application.cpp
│ │ │ ├── service
│ │ │ ├── view
│ │ │ └── web_user.cc
│ │ ├── template
│ │ │ ├── accounts.tmpl
│ │ │ ├── default.tmpl
│ │ │ ├── deny.tmpl
│ │ │ ├── gprsConfig.tmpl
│ │ │ ├── gprsManager.tmpl
│ │ │ ├── groupManagement.tmpl
│ │ │ ├── home.tmpl
│ │ │ ├── login.tmpl
│ │ │ ├── log.tmpl
│ │ │ ├── message.tmpl
│ │ │ ├── register_client.tmpl
│ │ │ ├── updatePassword.tmpl
│ │ │ └── userTitle.tmpl
│ │ └── tool.sh
│ └── test
└── README
运行方式就是进入builder目录执行
./rebuild.lsp
首先将CppCMS的tmpl模板文件编译成C++类
然后将所有.cc和.cpp文件编译成.o文件
最后动态链接成可执行程序。
先看rebuild.lsp代码：
#!/usr/bin/newlisp ;; init
(load "/opt/build_config.lsp")
(set 'armory-folder (env "NEWLISP_ARMORY_HOME"))
(println (append "newlisp armory home folder: " armory-folder))
(load (append armory-folder "/codes/file/file.lsp"))
(file:init);; clean files genereated by CMake
(set 'cmake-build-dir "../codes/main/build")
(file:clean-folder cmake-build-dir);; clean view/*.cpp files generated from cppcms_tmpl_cc
(set 'view-dir "../codes/main/src/view")
(file:clean-folder view-dir)(set 'tmpl-dir "../codes/main/template");; generate .cc files in view folder
(load "tmpl.lsp")
(tmpl-to-cc tmpl-dir view-dir);; compile all c++ files to .o file in ./o folder
(load "g++.lsp")
(set 'include-paths (list "../codes/main/include""../codes/main/src/../../loki-0.1.7/include"))
(set 'o-dir "./o")
(set 'src-paths (list "../codes/main/src""../codes/main/src/bean""../codes/main/src/controller""../codes/main/src/helper""../codes/main/src/module""../codes/main/src/service""../codes/main/src/view"))(compile include-paths src-paths o-dir);; link all .o files
(set 'libs (list "pthread""cppcms""mongoclient""booster""loki""cryptopp""boost_system""boost_thread""boost_filesystem"))
(set 'binary-name "sports_lottery")
(set 'bin-dir "bin")
(dynamic-link o-dir bin-dir binary-name libs)(exit)该文件用到了newlisp armory模块，参考我的GitHub项目： https://github.com/csfreebird/newlisp_armory
tmpl.lsp文件专门负责处理CppCMS tmpl文件，代码如下：
(define (get-extension name)(first (regex "[^.]*$" name)));; @syntax (remove-extension name)
;; @return file name without extension
;; @note remove extension name e.g a.b .b is extension, it will be removed
(define (remove-extension name)((regex "(.*)\\.(.*)$" name) 3));; @syntax (tmpl-to-cc)
;; @note find all tmpl files in tmpl-folder, translate them into *.cc files
(define (tmpl-to-cc tmpl-folder cc-folder)(set 'tmpl-files (directory tmpl-folder "\\.tmpl"))(set 'cmd-tmpl (append "cppcms_tmpl_cc " tmpl-folder "/%s -o " cc-folder "/%s.cc"))(dolist (tmpl-file tmpl-files)(set 'cmd (format cmd-tmpl tmpl-file (remove-extension tmpl-file)))(println cmd)(exec cmd))
)g++.lsp专门生成g++命令，文件内容如下：
;; @syntax (compile include-dirs src-dirs o-dir)
;; @parameter include-dir a list contains one or more relative or absolute include directories
;; @parameter src-dirs a list contains one or more relative or absolute src dirs
(define (compile include-dirs src-dirs o-dir)(if (directory? o-dir)(file:clean-folder o-dir)(make-dir o-dir))(set 'path1 "")(dolist (path include-dirs)(set 'path1 (append path1 "-I" path " ")))(set 'cmd-template (format "/usr/bin/c++ -g %s -Wall -o %s/" path1 o-dir))(dolist (dir src-dirs)(compile-dir dir cmd-template)));; @syntax (compile-dir dir cmd-template)
;; @parameter dir one folder which contains many .cc or .cpp files
;; @parameter cmd-template the command template that has -g, -Wall and -I args
(define (compile-dir dir cmd-template)(set 'file-list (directory dir "\\.cc|\\.cpp"))(println "dir: " dir)(dolist (cc-path file-list)(set 'str (append cc-path ".o"))(set 'cmd (append cmd-template str " -c " dir "/" cc-path))(println cmd)(exec cmd)));; @syntax (dynamic-link o-dir bin-dir binary-name libs)
;; @parameter o-dir the direcotry includs all .o files
;; @parameter bin-dir the location of linked binary file
;; @libs the list of all dependencies
(define (dynamic-link o-dir bin-dir binary-name libs)(if (directory? bin-dir)(file:clean-folder bin-dir)(make-dir bin-dir))(set 'cmd "/usr/bin/c++ -g")(set 'o-files (directory o-dir "\\.o"))(dolist (o-file o-files)(set 'cmd (append cmd " " (real-path o-dir) "/" o-file)))(set 'cmd (append cmd " -o " bin-dir "/" binary-name " -rdynamic"))(dolist (lib libs)(set 'cmd (append cmd " -l" lib)))(println cmd)(exec cmd));; @syntax (static-link o-dir bin-dir binary-name libs)
;; @parameter o-dir the direcotry includs all .o files
;; @parameter bin-dir the location of linked binary file
;; @libs the list of all dependencies
(define (static-link o-dir bin-dir binary-name libs)(if (directory? bin-dir)(file:clean-folder bin-dir)(make-dir bin-dir))(set 'cmd "/usr/bin/c++ -g ")(set 'o-files (directory o-dir "\\.o"))(dolist (o-file o-files)(set 'cmd (append cmd " " (real-path o-dir) "/" o-file)))(set 'cmd (append cmd " -o " bin-dir "/" binary-name " -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ -static -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu"))(dolist (lib libs)(set 'cmd (append cmd " -l" lib))(println cmd))(exec cmd))
为了方便使用，还提供了专门用于编译的文件compile.lsp，可以直接运行。
;; compile all c++ files to .o file in ./o folder
(load "g++.lsp")
(set 'include-paths (list "../codes/main/include""../codes/main/src/../../loki-0.1.7/include"))
(set 'o-dir "./o")
(set 'src-paths (list "../codes/main/src""../codes/main/src/bean""../codes/main/src/controller""../codes/main/src/helper""../codes/main/src/module""../codes/main/src/service""../codes/main/src/view"))(compile include-paths src-paths o-dir)(exit)专门动态链接的文件dlink.lsp
#!/usr/bin/newlisp ;; init
(load "/opt/build_config.lsp")
(set 'armory-folder (env "NEWLISP_ARMORY_HOME"))
(println (append "newlisp armory home folder: " armory-folder))
(load (append armory-folder "/codes/file/file.lsp"))
(file:init);; compile all c++ files to .o file in ./o folder
(load "g++.lsp")
(set 'o-dir "./o")
;; link all .o files
(set 'libs (list "pthread""cppcms""mongoclient""booster""loki""cryptopp""boost_system""boost_thread""boost_filesystem"))
(set 'binary-name "sports_lottery_d")
(set 'bin-dir "bin")
(dynamic-link o-dir bin-dir binary-name libs)(exit)专门静态链接的文件slink.lsp
#!/usr/bin/newlisp ;; init
(load "/opt/build_config.lsp")
(set 'armory-folder (env "NEWLISP_ARMORY_HOME"))
(println (append "newlisp armory home folder: " armory-folder))
(load (append armory-folder "/codes/file/file.lsp"))
(file:init);; compile all c++ files to .o file in ./o folder
(load "g++.lsp")
(set 'o-dir "./o")
;; link all .o files
(set 'libs (list "mongoclient""cppcms""booster""boost_system""loki""cryptopp""boost_thread""pthread""boost_filesystem""dl""gcrypt""z""pcre""icuuc""icui18n""gpg-error""icuuc""icudata"))
(set 'binary-name "sports_lottery_s")
(set 'bin-dir "bin")
(static-link o-dir bin-dir binary-name libs)(exit)
注意，slink.lsp中这些静态库的名称和顺序是不断尝试出来的。我总结了一个好方法：
1. A依赖B，A必须出现在B前
2. 一开始只加一个库mongoclient，然后看连接器报错，看少什么库，然后通过ldd来查找正确的库名称，添加在后面。这样就能找全所有的静态库。
newlisp真是强大的脚本工具，不断改进我的生活。将来完善了，放到我自己的Github项目中。
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