【03】霍格沃兹测试开发学社技术学习笔记之服务端接口测试

# 服务端接口测试

接口测试场景

测试工具

示例

环境：python 3.10，pycharm工具，Request 框架

单接口请求

import requests
# 第一种方式
requests.get(url)
# 第二种方式
requests.request("get", url)

请求加参数

import requests
header = {"User-Agent": "hogwarts"}
url = "https://httpbin.ceshiren.com/get"
# 定制请求头信息
r = requests.get(url, headers = header)
print(r.json())

请求参数化

import requests
param = {"name": "ad", "class": "hogwarts"}
url = "https://httpbin.ceshiren.com/get"
r = requests.get(url, params = param)
print(r.json())

请求发送raw

payload = {'some': 'data'}
r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))

发送json

payload = {'some': 'data'}
r = requests.post(url, json=payload)

发送xml

payload = "<xml><a>1</a></xml>"
headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/xml'}
r = requests.post(url, data=payload， headers=headers)

xml的构造

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETdef test_xml():a = ET.Element("a")b = ET.SubElement(a, "b")c = ET.SubElement(b, "c")c.text = "c text"c.set("c1", "1")old = ET.tostring(a)c2 = a.find('b/c')c2.set('c1', "3")

请求头含义

响应结果类型

断言

1. assert
2. 复杂断言
   1. JSONPath：解析 JSON 数据的表达语言，与 XPath 表达式语言类似。
   2. JSONSchema
   3. 自行编写解析算法

示例

1. 从根节点开始的任意层级寻找 posts
"$..posts"
$ 根节点
… 任意层级
posts posts 节点2. 从根节点的孩子节点寻找 tags
"$.tags"
3. [?(@.username == ‘xxx’] 寻找 username 为 xxx 的数据
$..posts[?(@.username == 'xxx']
4. and 表示并且
$..posts[?(@.username == 'xxx' and @.created_at == '2020-09-27')]import requests
from jsonpath import jsonpathdef test_json_path():r = requests.get("https://ceshiren.com/categories.json")name_list = jsonpath(r.json(), '$.category_list.categories[0].name')assert name_list[0] == '提问区'name_list = jsonpath(r.json(), "$..name")assert '提问区' in name_list

XML 断言

from requests_xml import XMLSessionsession = XMLSession()r = session.get('https://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/lg_image_of_the_day.rss')r.xml.links

XPath 断言

from requests_xml import XMLSessionsession = XMLSession()r = session.get('https://www.nasa.gov/rss/dyn/lg_image_of_the_day.rss')r.xml.linksitem = r.xml.xpath('//item', first=True)print(item.text)

xml解析

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETroot = ET.fromstring(countrydata)root.findall(".")root.findall("./country/neighbor")root.findall(".//year/..[@name='Singapore']")root.findall(".//*[@name='Singapore']/year")

代理配置

import requestsproxies = {'http': 'http://10.10.1.10:3128','https': 'http://10.10.1.10:1080',
}requests.get('http://example.org', proxies=proxies)

cookie处理

s = requests.Session()r = s.get('https://httpbin.org/cookies', cookies={'from-my': 'browser'})
print(r.text)
# '{"cookies": {"from-my": "browser"}}'r = s.get('https://httpbin.org/cookies')
print(r.text)
# '{"cookies": {}}'

form请求

import requests
def test_form():payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}r = requests.post("http://127.0.0.1:7777/post", data=payload)

超时处理

requests.get('https://github.com/', timeout=0.001)

文件上传测试

url = 'https://httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}r = requests.post(url, files=files)

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