用英文介绍计算机技术,【用英文介绍一种高科技产品如计算机】

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常静回答：

Computer

Ageneral-purposemachinethatprocessesdataaccordingtoasetofinstructionsthatarestoredinternallyeithertemporarilyorpermanently.Thecomputerandallequipmentattachedtoitarecalledhardware.Theinstructionsthattellitwhattodoarecalled"software."Asetofinstructionsthatperformaparticulartaskiscalleda"program"or"softwareprogram."

WhataComputerDoes

Theinstructionsintheprogramdirectthecomputertoinput,processandoutputasfollows:

Input/Output

Thecomputercanselectivelyretrievedataintoitsmainmemory(RAM)fromanyperipheraldevice(terminal,disk,tape,etc.)connectedtoit.Afterprocessingthedatainternally,thecomputercansendacopyoftheresultsfromitsmemoryouttoanyperipheraldevice.Themorememoryithas,themoreprogramsanddataitcanworkwithatthesametime.

Storage

Byoutputtingdataontoamagneticdiskortape,thecomputerisabletostoredatapermanentlyandretrieveitwhenrequired.Asystem'ssizeisbasedonhowmuchdiskstorageithas.Themoredisk,themoredataareimmediatelyavailable.

Processing(The3C's)

Thecomputerperformsallprocessingby"calculating,""comparing"and"copying"thedatastoredinitsmemory(RAM).

Calculate

Thecomputercanperformanymathematicaloperationondatabyadding,subtracting,multiplyinganddividingonesetwithanother.

Compare

Thecomputercananalyzeandevaluatedatabymatchingitwithsetsofknowndatathatareincludedintheprogramorcalledinfromstorage.

Copy

Thecomputercanmovedataaroundtocreateanykindofreportorlistinginanyorder.

Calculate,CompareandCopy

Bycalculating,comparingandcopying,thecomputeraccomplishesallformsofdataprocessing.Forexample,recordsaresortedintoaneworderbycomparingtworecordsatatimeandcopyingtherecordwiththelowervalueinfrontoftheonewiththehighervalue.

Thecomputerfindsonecustomeroutofthousandsbycomparingtherequestedaccountnumbertoeachrecordinthefile.Thequerystatement:SUMSALARYFORTITLE="NURSE"causesthecomputertocomparethetitlefieldineachrecordforNURSEandthenadd(calculate)thesalaryfieldforeachmatch.

Inwordprocessing,insertinganddeletingtextisaccomplishedbycopyingcharactersfromoneplacetoanother.