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介绍
Directx3D 9
什么是DirectX，很好说了，Win32 C++ API，主要是多媒体编程方面的，优点体现在高性能了，现在我知道的版本最高是D3D11，但是我是学习入门的，从D3D9开始，不算很是落伍。
Directx3D 元素
D3D元素很多，这里说的元素是程序中用到的元素。
1〉D3D 编程的起点，可以理解成出所用的D3D SDK程序集。
2〉D3D present parameter ，呈现参数，专业的参数是通过一顿检测配置成最好的。程序中的参数简单的用默认的显示参数。
3〉D3D Device 设备 这个可以理解成多媒体设备的虚拟，在D3D理论中各种概念。
4〉D3D Vertex 顶点 一个图形中有意义的三维顶点，比较特殊一点的地方，例如，三角形顶点。
5〉D3D Vertex Buffer 顶点缓存，暂时存放顶点的内存区域。
程序结构
MFC 基于对话框的程序。MFC很好理解，一个东西摆在哪儿，遇见什么事件就干事件相对应的事情。
程序解析
叙述
初始化
1〉初始化D3D
2〉初始化逻辑单位
配置
1〉配置D3D
2〉配置逻辑
执行
1〉旋转
2〉呈现
结束
1〉释放各种对象
UML
程序实现
框架
一个对话框继承自CWnd
细节
1. 创建工程D3DMFCApp
2. 添加按钮 开始 结束 到D3DMFCAppDlg 主窗口。
3. 添加类 D3DDlg 到工程 随便找个图片 (jpg我的是）大小改为 256x256 的 命名texture.jpg 复制到工程。
4. D3DMFCAppDlg 添加变量
CD3DDlg m_D3DDlg;5. D3DMFCAppDlg 开始按钮生成函数添加
m_D3DDlg.CreateEx(0,AfxRegisterWndClass(NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL),L"D3D Window",WS_POPUP|WS_CAPTION|WS_VISIBLE,CRect(100,100,500,500),this,0);m_D3DDlg.DestroyWindow();#pragma comment(lib,"d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"d3dx9.lib")
#include <d3d9.h>
#include <d3dx9math.h>typedef struct _CUSTOMVERTEX1
{D3DXVECTOR3 position;D3DXVECTOR3 normal;float fu;float fv;
}CUSTOMVERTEX1;#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX1 (D3DFVF_XYZ|D3DFVF_NORMAL|D3DFVF_TEX1)typedef struct _CUSTOMVERTEX2
{D3DXVECTOR3 position;D3DXVECTOR3 normal;
}CUSTOMVERTEX2;#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX2 (D3DFVF_XYZ|D3DFVF_NORMAL)8. 类向导添加消息函数 记得是类向导 我这个是添加后的结果。
afx_msg int OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct);
afx_msg void OnDestroy();
afx_msg void OnTimer(UINT_PTR nIDEvent);void InitD3D9(void);
void Render(void);
void CleanUp(void);
void InitGeometry(void);
void SetupMatrices(void);
void SetLight(void);
void SetMaterial1(void);
void SetMaterial2(void);LPDIRECT3D9 m_pD3D9;
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 m_pD3DDevice9;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 m_pVB1;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 m_pVB2;
LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 m_pD3DTexture9;
int m_nRotateY;11. CD3DDlg实现文件 初始化 D3D
<pre name="code" class="cpp">void CD3DDlg::InitD3D9(void)
{m_pD3D9=Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;ZeroMemory(&d3dpp,sizeof(D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS));d3dpp.BackBufferFormat=D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;d3dpp.BackBufferCount=1;d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil=TRUE;d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat=D3DFMT_D16;d3dpp.Windowed=TRUE;d3dpp.SwapEffect=D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;m_pD3D9->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,m_hWnd,D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,&d3dpp,&m_pD3DDevice9);m_pD3DDevice9->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZENABLE,D3DZB_TRUE);m_pD3DDevice9->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING,TRUE);m_pD3DDevice9->SetRenderState(D3DRS_NORMALIZENORMALS,TRUE);
}void CD3DDlg::InitGeometry(void)
{D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(m_pD3DDevice9,_T("texture.jpg"),&m_pD3DTexture9);CUSTOMVERTEX1 vertices1[32];vertices1[0].position=D3DXVECTOR3(-1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);vertices1[0].normal=D3DXVECTOR3(-1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);vertices1[0].fu=0.0f;vertices1[0].fv=0.5f;for (int i=1;i<32;i++){float theat=(i-1)*2*D3DX_PI/30.0f;vertices1[i].position=D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f,sinf(theat),cosf(theat));vertices1[i].normal=D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f,sinf(theat),cosf(theat));float m=sqrtf(5.0f);float beta=(0.5f-1.0f/m+(i-1.0f)/15.0f/m)*D3DX_PI;vertices1[i].fu=0.5*sinf(beta);vertices1[i].fv=0.5-0.5*cosf(beta);}m_pD3DDevice9->CreateVertexBuffer(sizeof(vertices1),0,D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX1,D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,&m_pVB1,NULL);VOID* pVertices=NULL;m_pVB1->Lock(0,sizeof(vertices1),&pVertices,0);memcpy(pVertices,vertices1,sizeof(vertices1));m_pVB1->Unlock();CUSTOMVERTEX2 vertices2[32];vertices2[0].position=D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);vertices2[0].normal=D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);for (int i=1;i<32;i++){float theat=(i-1)*2*D3DX_PI/30.0f;vertices2[i].position=vertices1[32-i].position;vertices2[i].normal=D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);}m_pD3DDevice9->CreateVertexBuffer(sizeof(vertices2),0,D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX2,D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,&m_pVB2,NULL);m_pVB2->Lock(0,sizeof(vertices2),&pVertices,0);memcpy(pVertices,vertices2,sizeof(vertices2));m_pVB2->Unlock();
}void CD3DDlg::SetupMatrices(void)
{D3DXMATRIX matWorld;float angle=m_nRotateY*D3DX_PI/180;D3DXMatrixRotationY(&matWorld,angle );m_pD3DDevice9->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD,&matWorld);D3DXVECTOR3 eye(0.0f,3.0f,-5.0f);D3DXVECTOR3 lookAt(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f);D3DXVECTOR3 up(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);D3DXMATRIX matView;D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&matView,&eye,&lookAt,&up);m_pD3DDevice9->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW,&matView);D3DXMATRIXA16 matProj;D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&matProj,D3DX_PI/4,1.0f,1.0f,100.0f);m_pD3DDevice9->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION,&matProj);
}void CD3DDlg::SetMaterial1(void)
{D3DMATERIAL9 mtrl;ZeroMemory(&mtrl,sizeof(D3DMATERIAL9));mtrl.Diffuse.r=mtrl.Ambient.r=1.0f;mtrl.Diffuse.g=mtrl.Ambient.g=1.0f;mtrl.Diffuse.b=mtrl.Ambient.b=1.0f;mtrl.Diffuse.a=mtrl.Ambient.a=1.0f;m_pD3DDevice9->SetMaterial(&mtrl);
}void CD3DDlg::SetMaterial2(void)
{D3DMATERIAL9 mtrl;ZeroMemory(&mtrl,sizeof(D3DMATERIAL9));mtrl.Diffuse.r=mtrl.Ambient.r=1.0f;mtrl.Diffuse.g=mtrl.Ambient.g=1.0f;mtrl.Diffuse.b=mtrl.Ambient.b=0.0f;mtrl.Diffuse.a=mtrl.Ambient.a=1.0f;m_pD3DDevice9->SetMaterial(&mtrl);
}void CD3DDlg::SetLight(void)
{D3DLIGHT9 light;ZeroMemory(&light,sizeof(light));light.Type=D3DLIGHT_DIRECTIONAL;light.Diffuse.r=1.0f;light.Diffuse.g=1.0f;light.Diffuse.b=1.0f;light.Direction=D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f,0.0,1.0f);light.Range=1000.0f;m_pD3DDevice9->SetLight(0,&light);m_pD3DDevice9->LightEnable(0,TRUE);m_pD3DDevice9->SetRenderState(D3DRS_AMBIENT,D3DCOLOR_RGBA(32,32,32,0));
}void CD3DDlg::Render(void)
{m_pD3DDevice9->Clear(0,NULL,D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER,D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255),1.0f,0);m_pD3DDevice9->BeginScene();SetupMatrices();SetLight();SetMaterial1();m_pD3DDevice9->SetTexture(0,m_pD3DTexture9);m_pD3DDevice9->SetTextureStageState(0,D3DTSS_COLOROP,D3DTOP_MODULATE);m_pD3DDevice9->SetTextureStageState(0,D3DTSS_COLORARG1,D3DTA_TEXTURE);m_pD3DDevice9->SetTextureStageState(0,D3DTSS_COLORARG2,D3DTA_DIFFUSE);m_pD3DDevice9->SetFVF(D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX1);m_pD3DDevice9->SetStreamSource(0,m_pVB1,0,sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX1));m_pD3DDevice9->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN,0,30);m_pD3DDevice9->SetTexture(0,NULL);m_pD3DDevice9->SetTextureStageState(0,D3DTSS_COLOROP,D3DTOP_DISABLE);SetMaterial2();m_pD3DDevice9->SetFVF(D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX2);m_pD3DDevice9->SetStreamSource(0,m_pVB2,0,sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX2));m_pD3DDevice9->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN,0,30);m_pD3DDevice9->EndScene();m_pD3DDevice9->Present(NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL);
}void CD3DDlg::CleanUp(void)
{m_pVB1->Release();m_pVB2->Release();m_pD3DTexture9->Release();m_pD3DDevice9->Release();m_pD3D9->Release();
}int CD3DDlg::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct)
{if (CWnd::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1)return -1;InitD3D9();InitGeometry();SetTimer(1,40,NULL);return 0;
}void CD3DDlg::OnTimer(UINT_PTR nIDEvent)
{Render();m_nRotateY+=2;CWnd::OnTimer(nIDEvent);
}void CD3DDlg::OnDestroy()
{CWnd::OnDestroy();CleanUp();
}程序结果
总结
Direct3D
这么大的概念谁也没有办法一下子说清楚，只有多练，我写这个程序写了三周，其中一个Bug卡了将近一周。谁解释也是白搭，只有多练，不过推荐的就是抄程序也要抄对。
程序
1>MFC 工程始入门的最好的工程类型，我试过Win32，一个框架就把人搭晕了。不如MFC 干脆，但是MFC 仅限学习，到了应用还是Win32，那时应该好说了。
2>变量是 D3DDevice9 而不是 D3D9Device,当然你可以自己随便编写，不过人家官网是这样，慢慢习惯了好学习。
3>函数调用跟Win32 一个风格，例如
m_pD3DDevice9->CreateVertexBuffer(sizeof(vertices1),0,D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX1,D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,&m_pVB1,NULL);4>图片复制到工程需要修改属性，类型是资源编译器，要不然报什么链接1102的错误。
其他
如果想学习更多参考 DirectX3D9 初级教程 祝晓鹰 余峰写的，我看了特别好，百度好评的时候想给好评的结果给了一个1星就再也改不了了，把我气的，这里致歉一下。
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