Ubuntu22.04使用zsh+oh my zsh+Powerlevel10k主题

oh-my-zsh

Oh My Zsh是一款社区驱动的命令行工具，是基于Zsh命令行的一个扩展工具集，提供了丰富的扩展功能，如：主题配置，插件机制，内置的便捷操作等，可以给我们一种全新的命令行使用体验。
本文记录了博主安装Oh My Zsh的方法，博主使用的Linux为Ubuntu20.04，使用的主题为Powerlevel10k，配置的插件有autojump、fasd、zsh-autosuggestions、zsh-syntax-highlighting，对比安装前后效果：

安装前

安装后

1、字体安装

## 1.1、安装mkfontscale mkfontdir和fc-cache命令
如果运行mkfontscale命令时终端提示mkfontscale: command not found，则需要首先安装这个命令，安装方法如下：

# 使mkfontscale和mkfontdir命令正常运行
sudo apt-get install ttf-mscorefonts-installer
# 使fc-cache命令正常运行
sudo apt-get install fontconfig

## 1.2、下载字体文件

	wget -c https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/releases/download/v2.0.0/SourceCodePro.zip或者：git clone https://github.com/blobject/agave.git

如果运行wget、git命令时终端提示wget、git: command not found，则需要首先安装这个命令，安装方法如下：

sudo apt install wget git -y

## 1.3、然后解压到文件夹

	sudo unzip SourceCodePro -d /usr/share/fonts/SourceCodePro或者：sudo cp agave/*.ttf /usr/share/fonts/

## 1.4、转到/usr/share/fonts/SourceCodePro目录，并安装

	cd /usr/share/fonts/SourceCodePro或者cd /usr/share/fonts/agavesudo mkfontscale # 生成核心字体信息sudo mkfontdir # 生成字体文件夹sudo fc-cache -fv # 刷新系统字体缓存

1.1、安装nerd font

因为以上字体都会缺少符号，nerd font是一个非常棒的字体库，而且对p10k的兼容性非常好，如果不想费事的话，强烈推荐安装这个。

# git 克隆字体库
git clone https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts.git --depth 1
# 打开文件夹
cd nerd-fonts
# 安装字体
./install.sh

2、安装zsh

安装Zsh并将Zsh设置为默认shell：

# 安装zsh
sudo apt install zsh
# 然后将zsh设置为默认shell：
chsh -s /bin/zsh

PS：

• echo $SHELL: 可以通过echo $SHELL查看当前默认的shell，如果没有改为/bin/zsh，需要重启shell。
• cat /etc/shells: 查看系统内已安装的shell
• xdg-open fileOrDir: 用GUI文件管理器或编辑器打开指定的的文件或目录

3、安装oh-my-zsh

# 方式一
wget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh
# 方式二
wget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh
bash ./install.sh

如果以上方法都不行就使用第三种方法：

#!/bin/sh
#
# This script should be run via curl:
#   sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
# or via wget:
#   sh -c "$(wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
# or via fetch:
#   sh -c "$(fetch -o - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
#
# As an alternative, you can first download the install script and run it afterwards:
#   wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh
#   sh install.sh
#
# You can tweak the install behavior by setting variables when running the script. For
# example, to change the path to the Oh My Zsh repository:
#   ZSH=~/.zsh sh install.sh
#
# Respects the following environment variables:
#   ZSH     - path to the Oh My Zsh repository folder (default: $HOME/.oh-my-zsh)
#   REPO    - name of the GitHub repo to install from (default: ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh)
#   REMOTE  - full remote URL of the git repo to install (default: GitHub via HTTPS)
#   BRANCH  - branch to check out immediately after install (default: master)
#
# Other options:
#   CHSH       - 'no' means the installer will not change the default shell (default: yes)
#   RUNZSH     - 'no' means the installer will not run zsh after the install (default: yes)
#   KEEP_ZSHRC - 'yes' means the installer will not replace an existing .zshrc (default: no)
#
# You can also pass some arguments to the install script to set some these options:
#   --skip-chsh: has the same behavior as setting CHSH to 'no'
#   --unattended: sets both CHSH and RUNZSH to 'no'
#   --keep-zshrc: sets KEEP_ZSHRC to 'yes'
# For example:
#   sh install.sh --unattended
# or:
#   sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" "" --unattended
#
set -e# Make sure important variables exist if not already defined
#
# $USER is defined by login(1) which is not always executed (e.g. containers)
# POSIX: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695299/utilities/id.html
USER=${USER:-$(id -u -n)}
# $HOME is defined at the time of login, but it could be unset. If it is unset,
# a tilde by itself (~) will not be expanded to the current user's home directory.
# POSIX: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009696899/basedefs/xbd_chap08.html#tag_08_03
HOME="${HOME:-$(getent passwd $USER 2>/dev/null | cut -d: -f6)}"
# macOS does not have getent, but this works even if $HOME is unset
HOME="${HOME:-$(eval echo ~$USER)}"# Track if $ZSH was provided
custom_zsh=${ZSH:+yes}# Default settings
ZSH="${ZSH:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh}"
REPO=${REPO:-ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh}
REMOTE=${REMOTE:-https://github.com/${REPO}.git}
BRANCH=${BRANCH:-master}# Other options
CHSH=${CHSH:-yes}
RUNZSH=${RUNZSH:-yes}
KEEP_ZSHRC=${KEEP_ZSHRC:-no}command_exists() {command -v "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1
}user_can_sudo() {# Check if sudo is installedcommand_exists sudo || return 1# The following command has 3 parts:## 1. Run `sudo` with `-v`. Does the following:#    • with privilege: asks for a password immediately.#    • without privilege: exits with error code 1 and prints the message:#      Sorry, user <username> may not run sudo on <hostname>## 2. Pass `-n` to `sudo` to tell it to not ask for a password. If the#    password is not required, the command will finish with exit code 0.#    If one is required, sudo will exit with error code 1 and print the#    message:#    sudo: a password is required## 3. Check for the words "may not run sudo" in the output to really tell#    whether the user has privileges or not. For that we have to make sure#    to run `sudo` in the default locale (with `LANG=`) so that the message#    stays consistent regardless of the user's locale.#! LANG= sudo -n -v 2>&1 | grep -q "may not run sudo"
}# The [ -t 1 ] check only works when the function is not called from
# a subshell (like in `$(...)` or `(...)`, so this hack redefines the
# function at the top level to always return false when stdout is not
# a tty.
if [ -t 1 ]; thenis_tty() {true}
elseis_tty() {false}
fi# This function uses the logic from supports-hyperlinks[1][2], which is
# made by Kat Marchán (@zkat) and licensed under the Apache License 2.0.
# [1] https://github.com/zkat/supports-hyperlinks
# [2] https://crates.io/crates/supports-hyperlinks
#
# Copyright (c) 2021 Kat Marchán
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
supports_hyperlinks() {# $FORCE_HYPERLINK must be set and be non-zero (this acts as a logic bypass)if [ -n "$FORCE_HYPERLINK" ]; then[ "$FORCE_HYPERLINK" != 0 ]return $?fi# If stdout is not a tty, it doesn't support hyperlinksis_tty || return 1# DomTerm terminal emulator (domterm.org)if [ -n "$DOMTERM" ]; thenreturn 0fi# VTE-based terminals above v0.50 (Gnome Terminal, Guake, ROXTerm, etc)if [ -n "$VTE_VERSION" ]; then[ $VTE_VERSION -ge 5000 ]return $?fi# If $TERM_PROGRAM is set, these terminals support hyperlinkscase "$TERM_PROGRAM" inHyper|iTerm.app|terminology|WezTerm) return 0 ;;esac# kitty supports hyperlinksif [ "$TERM" = xterm-kitty ]; thenreturn 0fi# Windows Terminal also supports hyperlinksif [ -n "$WT_SESSION" ]; thenreturn 0fi# Konsole supports hyperlinks, but it's an opt-in setting that can't be detected# https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/issues/10964# if [ -n "$KONSOLE_VERSION" ]; then#   return 0# fireturn 1
}# Adapted from code and information by Anton Kochkov (@XVilka)
# Source: https://gist.github.com/XVilka/8346728
supports_truecolor() {case "$COLORTERM" intruecolor|24bit) return 0 ;;esaccase "$TERM" initerm           |\tmux-truecolor  |\linux-truecolor |\xterm-truecolor |\screen-truecolor) return 0 ;;esacreturn 1
}fmt_link() {# $1: text, $2: url, $3: fallback modeif supports_hyperlinks; thenprintf '\033]8;;%s\033\\%s\033]8;;\033\\\n' "$2" "$1"returnficase "$3" in--text) printf '%s\n' "$1" ;;--url|*) fmt_underline "$2" ;;esac
}fmt_underline() {is_tty && printf '\033[4m%s\033[24m\n' "$*" || printf '%s\n' "$*"
}# shellcheck disable=SC2016 # backtick in single-quote
fmt_code() {is_tty && printf '`\033[2m%s\033[22m`\n' "$*" || printf '`%s`\n' "$*"
}fmt_error() {printf '%sError: %s%s\n' "${FMT_BOLD}${FMT_RED}" "$*" "$FMT_RESET" >&2
}setup_color() {# Only use colors if connected to a terminalif ! is_tty; thenFMT_RAINBOW=""FMT_RED=""FMT_GREEN=""FMT_YELLOW=""FMT_BLUE=""FMT_BOLD=""FMT_RESET=""returnfiif supports_truecolor; thenFMT_RAINBOW="$(printf '\033[38;2;255;0;0m')$(printf '\033[38;2;255;97;0m')$(printf '\033[38;2;247;255;0m')$(printf '\033[38;2;0;255;30m')$(printf '\033[38;2;77;0;255m')$(printf '\033[38;2;168;0;255m')$(printf '\033[38;2;245;0;172m')"elseFMT_RAINBOW="$(printf '\033[38;5;196m')$(printf '\033[38;5;202m')$(printf '\033[38;5;226m')$(printf '\033[38;5;082m')$(printf '\033[38;5;021m')$(printf '\033[38;5;093m')$(printf '\033[38;5;163m')"fiFMT_RED=$(printf '\033[31m')FMT_GREEN=$(printf '\033[32m')FMT_YELLOW=$(printf '\033[33m')FMT_BLUE=$(printf '\033[34m')FMT_BOLD=$(printf '\033[1m')FMT_RESET=$(printf '\033[0m')
}setup_ohmyzsh() {# Prevent the cloned repository from having insecure permissions. Failing to do# so causes compinit() calls to fail with "command not found: compdef" errors# for users with insecure umasks (e.g., "002", allowing group writability). Note# that this will be ignored under Cygwin by default, as Windows ACLs take# precedence over umasks except for filesystems mounted with option "noacl".umask g-w,o-wecho "${FMT_BLUE}Cloning Oh My Zsh...${FMT_RESET}"command_exists git || {fmt_error "git is not installed"exit 1}ostype=$(uname)if [ -z "${ostype%CYGWIN*}" ] && git --version | grep -Eq 'msysgit|windows'; thenfmt_error "Windows/MSYS Git is not supported on Cygwin"fmt_error "Make sure the Cygwin git package is installed and is first on the \$PATH"exit 1fi# Manual clone with git config options to support git < v1.7.2git init --quiet "$ZSH" && cd "$ZSH" \&& git config core.eol lf \&& git config core.autocrlf false \&& git config fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode ignore \&& git config fetch.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode ignore \&& git config receive.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode ignore \&& git config oh-my-zsh.remote origin \&& git config oh-my-zsh.branch "$BRANCH" \&& git remote add origin "$REMOTE" \&& git fetch --depth=1 origin \&& git checkout -b "$BRANCH" "origin/$BRANCH" || {[ ! -d "$ZSH" ] || {cd -rm -rf "$ZSH" 2>/dev/null}fmt_error "git clone of oh-my-zsh repo failed"exit 1}# Exit installation directorycd -echo
}setup_zshrc() {# Keep most recent old .zshrc at .zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh, and older ones# with datestamp of installation that moved them aside, so we never actually# destroy a user's original zshrcecho "${FMT_BLUE}Looking for an existing zsh config...${FMT_RESET}"# Must use this exact name so uninstall.sh can find itOLD_ZSHRC=~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zshif [ -f ~/.zshrc ] || [ -h ~/.zshrc ]; then# Skip this if the user doesn't want to replace an existing .zshrcif [ "$KEEP_ZSHRC" = yes ]; thenecho "${FMT_YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${FMT_RESET} ${FMT_GREEN}Keeping...${FMT_RESET}"returnfiif [ -e "$OLD_ZSHRC" ]; thenOLD_OLD_ZSHRC="${OLD_ZSHRC}-$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)"if [ -e "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC" ]; thenfmt_error "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC exists. Can't back up ${OLD_ZSHRC}"fmt_error "re-run the installer again in a couple of seconds"exit 1fimv "$OLD_ZSHRC" "${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}"echo "${FMT_YELLOW}Found old ~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh." \"${FMT_GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}${FMT_RESET}"fiecho "${FMT_YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${FMT_RESET} ${FMT_GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_ZSHRC}${FMT_RESET}"mv ~/.zshrc "$OLD_ZSHRC"fiecho "${FMT_GREEN}Using the Oh My Zsh template file and adding it to ~/.zshrc.${FMT_RESET}"# Replace $HOME path with '$HOME' in $ZSH variable in .zshrc fileomz=$(echo "$ZSH" | sed "s|^$HOME/|\$HOME/|")sed "s|^export ZSH=.*$|export ZSH=\"${omz}\"|" "$ZSH/templates/zshrc.zsh-template" > ~/.zshrc-omztempmv -f ~/.zshrc-omztemp ~/.zshrcecho
}setup_shell() {# Skip setup if the user wants or stdin is closed (not running interactively).if [ "$CHSH" = no ]; thenreturnfi# If this user's login shell is already "zsh", do not attempt to switch.if [ "$(basename -- "$SHELL")" = "zsh" ]; thenreturnfi# If this platform doesn't provide a "chsh" command, bail out.if ! command_exists chsh; thencat <<EOF
I can't change your shell automatically because this system does not have chsh.
${FMT_BLUE}Please manually change your default shell to zsh${FMT_RESET}
EOFreturnfiecho "${FMT_BLUE}Time to change your default shell to zsh:${FMT_RESET}"# Prompt for user choice on changing the default login shellprintf '%sDo you want to change your default shell to zsh? [Y/n]%s ' \"$FMT_YELLOW" "$FMT_RESET"read -r optcase $opt iny*|Y*|"") ;;n*|N*) echo "Shell change skipped."; return ;;*) echo "Invalid choice. Shell change skipped."; return ;;esac# Check if we're running on Termuxcase "$PREFIX" in*com.termux*) termux=true; zsh=zsh ;;*) termux=false ;;esacif [ "$termux" != true ]; then# Test for the right location of the "shells" fileif [ -f /etc/shells ]; thenshells_file=/etc/shellselif [ -f /usr/share/defaults/etc/shells ]; then # Solus OSshells_file=/usr/share/defaults/etc/shellselsefmt_error "could not find /etc/shells file. Change your default shell manually."returnfi# Get the path to the right zsh binary# 1. Use the most preceding one based on $PATH, then check that it's in the shells file# 2. If that fails, get a zsh path from the shells file, then check it actually existsif ! zsh=$(command -v zsh) || ! grep -qx "$zsh" "$shells_file"; thenif ! zsh=$(grep '^/.*/zsh$' "$shells_file" | tail -n 1) || [ ! -f "$zsh" ]; thenfmt_error "no zsh binary found or not present in '$shells_file'"fmt_error "change your default shell manually."returnfififi# We're going to change the default shell, so back up the current oneif [ -n "$SHELL" ]; thenecho "$SHELL" > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zshelsegrep "^$USER:" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $7}' > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zshfiecho "Changing your shell to $zsh..."# Check if user has sudo privileges to run `chsh` with or without `sudo`## This allows the call to succeed without password on systems where the# user does not have a password but does have sudo privileges, like in# Google Cloud Shell.## On systems that don't have a user with passwordless sudo, the user will# be prompted for the password either way, so this shouldn't cause any issues.#if user_can_sudo; thensudo -k chsh -s "$zsh" "$USER"  # -k forces the password promptelsechsh -s "$zsh" "$USER"          # run chsh normallyfi# Check if the shell change was successfulif [ $? -ne 0 ]; thenfmt_error "chsh command unsuccessful. Change your default shell manually."elseexport SHELL="$zsh"echo "${FMT_GREEN}Shell successfully changed to '$zsh'.${FMT_RESET}"fiecho
}# shellcheck disable=SC2183  # printf string has more %s than arguments ($FMT_RAINBOW expands to multiple arguments)
print_success() {printf '%s         %s__      %s           %s        %s       %s     %s__   %s\n'      $FMT_RAINBOW $FMT_RESETprintf '%s  ____  %s/ /_    %s ____ ___  %s__  __  %s ____  %s_____%s/ /_  %s\n'      $FMT_RAINBOW $FMT_RESETprintf '%s / __ \\%s/ __ \\  %s / __ `__ \\%s/ / / / %s /_  / %s/ ___/%s __ \\ %s\n'  $FMT_RAINBOW $FMT_RESETprintf '%s/ /_/ /%s / / / %s / / / / / /%s /_/ / %s   / /_%s(__  )%s / / / %s\n'      $FMT_RAINBOW $FMT_RESETprintf '%s\\____/%s_/ /_/ %s /_/ /_/ /_/%s\\__, / %s   /___/%s____/%s_/ /_/  %s\n'    $FMT_RAINBOW $FMT_RESETprintf '%s    %s        %s           %s /____/ %s       %s     %s          %s....is now installed!%s\n' $FMT_RAINBOW $FMT_GREEN $FMT_RESETprintf '\n'printf '\n'printf "%s %s %s\n" "Before you scream ${FMT_BOLD}${FMT_YELLOW}Oh My Zsh!${FMT_RESET} look over the" \"$(fmt_code "$(fmt_link ".zshrc" "file://$HOME/.zshrc" --text)")" \"file to select plugins, themes, and options."printf '\n'printf '%s\n' "• Follow us on Twitter: $(fmt_link @ohmyzsh https://twitter.com/ohmyzsh)"printf '%s\n' "• Join our Discord community: $(fmt_link "Discord server" https://discord.gg/ohmyzsh)"printf '%s\n' "• Get stickers, t-shirts, coffee mugs and more: $(fmt_link "Planet Argon Shop" https://shop.planetargon.com/collections/oh-my-zsh)"printf '%s\n' $FMT_RESET
}main() {# Run as unattended if stdin is not a ttyif [ ! -t 0 ]; thenRUNZSH=noCHSH=nofi# Parse argumentswhile [ $# -gt 0 ]; docase $1 in--unattended) RUNZSH=no; CHSH=no ;;--skip-chsh) CHSH=no ;;--keep-zshrc) KEEP_ZSHRC=yes ;;esacshiftdonesetup_colorif ! command_exists zsh; thenecho "${FMT_YELLOW}Zsh is not installed.${FMT_RESET} Please install zsh first."exit 1fiif [ -d "$ZSH" ]; thenecho "${FMT_YELLOW}The \$ZSH folder already exists ($ZSH).${FMT_RESET}"if [ "$custom_zsh" = yes ]; thencat <<EOFYou ran the installer with the \$ZSH setting or the \$ZSH variable is
exported. You have 3 options:1. Unset the ZSH variable when calling the installer:$(fmt_code "ZSH= sh install.sh")
2. Install Oh My Zsh to a directory that doesn't exist yet:$(fmt_code "ZSH=path/to/new/ohmyzsh/folder sh install.sh")
3. (Caution) If the folder doesn't contain important information,you can just remove it with $(fmt_code "rm -r $ZSH")EOFelseecho "You'll need to remove it if you want to reinstall."fiexit 1fisetup_ohmyzshsetup_zshrcsetup_shellprint_successif [ $RUNZSH = no ]; thenecho "${FMT_YELLOW}Run zsh to try it out.${FMT_RESET}"exitfiexec zsh -l
}main "$@"

手动将上面的代码写进install.sh文件，命令如下

#创建install.sh文件
nano install.sh
#运行install.sh文件
bash install.sh

4、安装Powerlevel10k主题

github仓库安装：

git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k

gitee仓库安装（国内用户建议使用该安装方法）：

git clone --depth=1 https://gitee.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k

4.1、配置Powerlevel10k

使用sudo nano ~/.zshrc编辑.zshrc，将ZSH_THEME项改为：

ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"

5、安装各种插件

5.1、autojump
更快地切换目录，不受当前所在目录的限制。
项目地址：https://github.com/wting/autojump

sudo apt install autojump

用法：

# 跳转到目录
j dir
# 可以通过GUI文件管理器打开指定目录，执行命令:
jo dir

5.2、zsh-autosuggestions
命令行命令键入时的历史命令建议插件

项目地址：https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions
按照官方文档提示，直接执行如下命令安装：
国内使用gitee安装

git clone https://gitee.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

5.3、zsh-syntax-highlighting
命令行语法高亮插件

项目地址：https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting

按照官方文档提示，国内直接执行如下命令安装：

 git clone https://gitee.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

5.4、使插件生效
上述插件安装完成后，需要修改.zshrc文件，编辑plugins项，修改如下：

# 值得注意的是，根据官方文档，zsh-syntax-highlighting 插件需放在最后
plugins=(git extract autojump zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting
)

使用source ~/.zshrc命令更新。
6、总结
.zshrc配置文件最终修改内容如下：

# 设置主题
ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"
# 启动错误命令自动更正
ENABLE_CORRECTION="true"
# 在命令执行过程中，使用小红点进行提示
COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="true"
# 启用已安装的主题
plugins=(git extract autojump zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting
)

参考链接

• ubuntu 字体安装 —— 以nerd font为例
• Ubuntu20.04 配置Oh My Zsh（Powerlevel10k主题）