精美图片哪里找，保姆级教程爬取让你不再犹豫！

一、项目准备

创建scrapy项目

scrapy startproject Huyacd Huya scrapy genspider huya "huya.com" 

更改settings文件

配置图片下载路径

创建start.py启动py文件

from scrapy import cmdlinecmdline.execute("scrapy crawl huya".split())

二、网页及代码分析

1.网页分析
进入虎牙星秀区域

通过分析发现数据并不是动态加载的，来到第二页，发现下图Request URL请求得到json数据

我们请求该链接，发现数据为Unicode编码，看到这不要慌，之后可以很轻易地解决。

复制json数据到在线json校验工具进行校验转码

我们需要的数据位置

通过对请求链接分析知道，要想请求多页数据则可以通过更改page数值来得到

2.代码分析

huya.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import json   #导入json库
from Huya.items import HuyaItemclass HuyaSpider(scrapy.Spider):name = 'huya'allowed_domains = ['huya.com']start_urls = ['https://www.huya.com/cache.php?m=LiveList&do=getLiveListByPage&gameId=1663&tagAll=0&page=1']num = 1  #页数def parse(self, response):#使用json.loads()将已编码的 JSON 字符串解码为 Python 对象,设置encoding='utf-8'可解决Unicode编码问题data_list = json.loads(response.text,encoding='utf-8')datas = data_list["data"]["datas"]for data in datas:#图片urlimg_url = data["screenshot"]#名称title = data["nick"]item = HuyaItem(img_url=img_url,title=title)yield item#进行多页请求，我们这测试只请求三页数据self.num += 1if self.num <= 3:next_url = "https://www.huya.com/cache.php?m=LiveList&do=getLiveListByPage&gameId=1663&tagAll=0&page=" + str(self.num)yield scrapy.Request(url=next_url,encoding="utf-8")

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlimport scrapy#导入ImagesPipeline库实现对图片的下载
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipelineclass HuyaPipeline(ImagesPipeline):def get_media_requests(self, item, info):#获取图片url和名称img_url = item["img_url"]title = item["title"]yield scrapy.Request(url=img_url,meta={"title":title})#对图片进行重命名def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):name = request.meta["title"]#设置图片名称为主播名称return name + '.jpg'

运行结果

三、完整代码

huya.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import json
from Huya.items import HuyaItemclass HuyaSpider(scrapy.Spider):name = 'huya'allowed_domains = ['huya.com']start_urls = ['https://www.huya.com/cache.php?m=LiveList&do=getLiveListByPage&gameId=1663&tagAll=0&page=1']num = 1def parse(self, response):data_list = json.loads(response.text,encoding='utf-8')datas = data_list["data"]["datas"]for data in datas:img_url = data["screenshot"]title = data["nick"]item = HuyaItem(img_url=img_url,title=title)yield itemself.num += 1if self.num <= 3:next_url = "https://www.huya.com/cache.php?m=LiveList&do=getLiveListByPage&gameId=1663&tagAll=0&page=" + str(self.num)yield scrapy.Request(url=next_url,encoding="utf-8")

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.htmlimport scrapyclass HuyaItem(scrapy.Item):img_url = scrapy.Field()title = scrapy.Field()

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlimport scrapy
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipelineclass HuyaPipeline(ImagesPipeline):def get_media_requests(self, item, info):img_url = item["img_url"]title = item["title"]yield scrapy.Request(url=img_url,meta={"title":title})def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):name = request.meta["title"]return name + '.jpg'

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Scrapy settings for Huya project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlBOT_NAME = 'Huya'SPIDER_MODULES = ['Huya.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'Huya.spiders'LOG_LEVEL = "ERROR"# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'Huya (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8','Accept-Language': 'en','User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.116 Safari/537.36'
}# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'Huya.middlewares.HuyaSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'Huya.middlewares.HuyaDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {'Huya.pipelines.HuyaPipeline': 300,
}# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'IMAGES_STORE = "Download"

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