如何手动创建可信任证书DB并配置 nss-config-dir

本文主要是介绍如何手动创建可信任证书DB并配置 nss-config-dir，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

以阿里云免费邮箱为例

1. 如何下载证书链

证书链说明
cert-chain

使用 gnutls

gnutls-cli --print-cert smtp.aliyun.com:465 < /dev/null > aliyun-chain.certs

使用 openssl showcerts

$ echo -n | openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.aliyun.com:465 | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' > ./tmp/aliyun-chain.pem
depth=2 C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, OU = Root CA, CN = GlobalSign Root CA
verify return:1
depth=1 C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, CN = GlobalSign Organization Validation CA - SHA256 - G2
verify return:1
depth=0 C = CN, ST = ZheJiang, L = HangZhou, O = "Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd.", CN = mail.aliyun.com
verify return:1
DONE

生成所列出的证书链放入 ./tmp/aliyun-chain.pem

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

查看证书

$ openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile ./tmp/aliyun-chain.pem | openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -noout
subject=C = CN, ST = ZheJiang, L = HangZhou, O = "Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd.", CN = mail.aliyun.com
issuer=C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, CN = GlobalSign Organization Validation CA - SHA256 - G2subject=C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, CN = GlobalSign Organization Validation CA - SHA256 - G2
issuer=C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, OU = Root CA, CN = GlobalSign Root CAsubject=C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, OU = Root CA, CN = GlobalSign Root CA
issuer=C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, OU = Root CA, CN = GlobalSign Root CA

2. 把证书分开为单独的证书文件

手动拷贝或者用脚本

以./tmp/aliyun-chain.pem 为例，使用 awk

awk '/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----/,/-----END CERTIFICATE-----/{if(/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----/){a++}; out="./tmp/aliyun-cert"a".pem"; print > out}' ./tmp/aliyun-chain.pem

将 ./tmp-aliyun-chain.pem 里的三个证书，生成三个文件 aliyun-cert1.pem aliyun-cert2.pem aliyun-cert3.pem

查看证书

$ openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile ./tmp/aliyun-cert1.pem | openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -noout
subject=C = CN, ST = ZheJiang, L = HangZhou, O = "Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd.", CN = mail.aliyun.com
issuer=C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, CN = GlobalSign Organization Validation CA - SHA256 - G2$ openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile ./tmp/aliyun-cert2.pem | openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -noout
subject=C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, CN = GlobalSign Organization Validation CA - SHA256 - G2
issuer=C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, OU = Root CA, CN = GlobalSign Root CA$ openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile ./tmp/aliyun-cert3.pem | openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -noout
subject=C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, OU = Root CA, CN = GlobalSign Root CA
issuer=C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, OU = Root CA, CN = GlobalSign Root CA

3. 获取证书名

$ echo -n | openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.aliyun.com:465 | grep i: | sed -e 's,.*=,,' > ./tmp/aliyuncert-issuer-names
depth=2 C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, OU = Root CA, CN = GlobalSign Root CA
verify return:1
depth=1 C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, CN = GlobalSign Organization Validation CA - SHA256 - G2
verify return:1
depth=0 C = CN, ST = ZheJiang, L = HangZhou, O = "Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd.", CN = mail.aliyun.com
verify return:1
DONE

上面从通过获取签发者名字得到三个证书的名字

$ cat ./tmp/aliyuncert-issuer-names GlobalSign Organization Validation CA - SHA256 - G2GlobalSign Root CAGlobalSign Root CA

与 subject 中的名字不同

$ echo -n | openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.aliyun.com:465 | grep s: | sed -e 's,.*=,,' > ./tmp/aliyuncert-subject-names
depth=2 C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, OU = Root CA, CN = GlobalSign Root CA
verify return:1
depth=1 C = BE, O = GlobalSign nv-sa, CN = GlobalSign Organization Validation CA - SHA256 - G2
verify return:1
depth=0 C = CN, ST = ZheJiang, L = HangZhou, O = "Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd.", CN = mail.aliyun.com
verify return:1
DONE$ cat ./tmp/aliyuncert-subject-names mail.aliyun.comGlobalSign Organization Validation CA - SHA256 - G2GlobalSign Root CA

上面使用 subject 的名字作为证书的名字，由于阿里云的证书链的两级签发者相同，因此可以使用subject作为证书的名字导入数据库

certutil -A -n "GlobalSign Root CA" - G2 -t "C,," -d ./certs/ -i ./tmp/aliyun-cert3.pem
certutil -A -n "GlobalSign Organization Validation CA - SHA256 - G2" -t "C,," -d ./certs/ -i ./tmp/aliyun-cert2.pem
certutil -A -n "mail.aliyun.com" -t "Pu,Pu,Pu" -d ./certs/ -i ./tmp/aliyun-cert1.pem

查看:

certutil -L -d ./certs

account aliyunmandb {set nss-config-dir=/home/user/tmp/tmp3/aliyuncerts/acerts/certsset ssl-verify=ignoreset from=myname<mymail@aliyun.com>set smtp=smtps://smtp.aliyun.com:465set smtp-auth=loginset smtp-auth-user=mymail@aliyun.comset smtp-auth-password=xxxxxxxx
}

https://blog.csdn.net/RayMonD_D/article/details/104152933

https://www.cnblogs.com/itbox/p/13207227.html

https://blog.csdn.net/ayychiguoguo/article/details/120849766

https://www.cnblogs.com/yeyu1314/p/10167944.html

https://blog.csdn.net/ppdouble/article/details/58598124

https://serverfault.com/questions/590870/how-to-view-all-ssl-certificates-in-a-bundle

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11046135/how-to-send-email-using-simple-smtp-commands-via-gmail?rq=3

https://www.systutorials.com/sending-email-from-mailx-command-in-linux-using-gmails-smtp/

https://kb.novaordis.com/index.php/Configure_mailx_to_Relay_via_a_Google_SMTP_Server

https://www.mankier.com/1/certutil

https://shagihan.medium.com/what-is-certificate-chain-and-how-to-verify-them-be429a030887

https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cloud-paks/cp-security/saas?topic=ccq-determining-whether-your-certificate-is-internally-signed-custom-signed