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1.前言
本篇目的: 理解pthread_cond_wait与pthread_cond_timedwait用法区别
函数 | 区别 |
---|---|
pthread_cond_wait | 与pthread_cond_signal函数成对出现,如果没有pthread_cond_signal给它发信号,它死等,等到天荒地老… |
pthread_cond_timedwait | 自己设置超时时间,一旦超过设定时间,自动执行pthread_cond_timedwait函数后边的代码。如果pthread_cond_signal在pthread_cond_timedwait 设置超时时间之前给它发信号,它会收到信号,提前结束等待。 |
pthread_cond_signal | 一次只能唤醒一个等待中的线程 |
pthread_cond_broadcast | 可以唤醒全部等待中的线程 |
pthread_mutex_t | Linux中用于互斥锁的结构体类型。互斥锁用于保护临界区,确保同时只有一个线程可以访问共享资源。 |
pthread_cond_t | 在Linux中,pthread_cond_t是用于线程间同步的条件变量。条件变量用于在线程之间传递信号,帮助线程进行等待和唤醒操作。条件变量通常与互斥锁(pthread_mutex_t)一起使用。当某个线程需要等待某个条件满足时,它会调用pthread_cond_wait函数将自己阻塞,并释放占有的互斥锁。当另一个线程满足了条件并调用了pthread_cond_signal或pthread_cond_broadcast函数发送信号时,等待的线程会被唤醒并重新获取互斥锁,从而继续执行。 |
2.代码示例
v1.0 pthread_cond_signal和pthread_cond_wait用法
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>using namespace std;pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;int main() {std::thread thread = std::thread([&]() {cout << "线程等待信号到来..." << endl;pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);//1.如果不调用pthread_cond_signal(&cond)函数发信号,永远死等.pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex);cout << "Thread timed wait for 10s." << endl;pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);});//1.给pthread_cond_wait和pthread_cond_timedwait发信号(它俩是成对出现的),使其后边的代码可以执行.sleep(1);pthread_cond_signal(&cond);//仅可以唤醒一个线程sleep(2);printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));thread.join();return 0;
}
v2.0 pthread_cond_signal和pthread_cond_timedwait用法
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
using namespace std;pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;int main() {//1.给pthread_cond_wait和pthread_cond_timedwait发信号(它俩是成对出现的),使其后边的代码可以执行.std::thread thread = std::thread([&]() {cout << "线程等待信号到来..." << endl;struct timeval now;struct timespec outtime;gettimeofday(&now, NULL);outtime.tv_sec = now.tv_sec + 10;//如果没有等到信号,则超过10s后自动处理.outtime.tv_nsec = now.tv_usec * 1000;pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));//2.可以设置超时时间,一旦超过设定时间,自动执行pthread_cond_timedwait函数后边的代码,它不受pthread_cond_signal的影响.pthread_cond_timedwait(&cond, &mutex, &outtime);printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));cout << "Thread timed wait for 10s." << endl;pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);});sleep(1);pthread_cond_signal(&cond);//仅可以唤醒一个线程sleep(2);thread.join();return 0;
}
v3.0 pthread_cond_broadcast和pthread_cond_wait用法
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>using namespace std;pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;int main() {std::thread thread = std::thread([&]() {cout << "线程等待信号到来..." << endl;pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);//1.如果不调用pthread_cond_signal(&cond)函数发信号,永远死等.pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex);cout << "Thread timed wait for 10s." << endl;pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);});//1.给pthread_cond_wait和pthread_cond_timedwait发信号(它俩是成对出现的),使其后边的代码可以执行.sleep(1);pthread_cond_broadcast(&cond);//可以唤醒全部线程sleep(2);printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));thread.join();return 0;
}
v4.0 pthread_cond_broadcast和pthread_cond_timedwait用法
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
using namespace std;pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;int main() {//1.给pthread_cond_wait和pthread_cond_timedwait发信号(它俩是成对出现的),使其后边的代码可以执行.std::thread thread = std::thread([&]() {cout << "线程等待信号到来..." << endl;struct timeval now;struct timespec outtime;gettimeofday(&now, NULL);outtime.tv_sec = now.tv_sec + 10;//如果没有等到信号,则超过10s后自动处理.outtime.tv_nsec = now.tv_usec * 1000;pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));//2.可以设置超时时间,一旦超过设定时间,自动执行pthread_cond_timedwait函数后边的代码,它不受pthread_cond_signal的影响.pthread_cond_timedwait(&cond, &mutex, &outtime);printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));cout << "Thread timed wait for 10s." << endl;pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);});sleep(1);pthread_cond_broadcast(&cond);//可以唤醒全部线程sleep(2);thread.join();return 0;
}
v5.0 pthread_cond_wait: 观察pthread_cond_t和pthread_mutex_t结构体中变量:__data、__size、__align变化
pthread_cond_signal和pthread_cond_wait用法
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>using namespace std;pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;int main() {std::thread thread = std::thread([&]() {cout << "线程等待信号到来..." << endl;printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);//1.如果不调用pthread_cond_signal(&cond)函数发信号,永远死等.pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex);printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));cout << "Thread timed wait for 10s." << endl;pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);});//1.给pthread_cond_wait和pthread_cond_timedwait发信号(它俩是成对出现的),使其后边的代码可以执行.sleep(1);printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*(reinterpret_cast<int*>(&(cond.__data))));printf("%s() [%d], cond.__size = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__size))));printf("%s() [%d], cond.__align = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__align))));printf("%s() [%d], mutex.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(mutex.__data))));printf("%s() [%d], mutex.__size = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(mutex.__size))));printf("%s() [%d], mutex.__align = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(mutex.__align))));//pthread_cond_signal(&cond);//仅可以唤醒一个线程pthread_cond_broadcast(&cond);//可以唤醒全部线程printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));printf("%s() [%d], cond.__size = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__size))));printf("%s() [%d], cond.__align = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__align))));printf("%s() [%d], mutex.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(mutex.__data))));printf("%s() [%d], mutex.__size = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(mutex.__size))));printf("%s() [%d], mutex.__align = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(mutex.__align))));sleep(2);printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));thread.join();return 0;
}
打印:
线程等待信号到来...
operator()() [16], cond.__data = 0
main() [27], cond.__data = 2
main() [28], cond.__data = 2
main() [30], cond.__size = 2
main() [31], cond.__align = 2
main() [33], mutex.__data = 0
main() [34], mutex.__size = 0
main() [35], mutex.__align = 0
main() [40], cond.__data = 3
main() [41], cond.__size = 3
main() [42], cond.__align = 3
main() [44], mutex.__data = 0
main() [45], mutex.__size = 0
main() [46], mutex.__align = 0
operator()() [20], cond.__data = 3
Thread timed wait for 10s.
main() [49], cond.__data = 3
总结:
在进入线程后,信号没来到之前 cond.__data=0;
当进入main进程时,cond.__data=2;
当pthread_cond_signal(&cond)发送信号后,cond.__data=3,然后线程中的pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex)收到cond.__data=3的信号,
立即释放互斥锁,解除阻塞,程序向下运行,到main函数结束。
v6.0 观察pthread_cond_timedwait:pthread_cond_t和pthread_mutex_t结构体中变量:__data、__size、__align变化
pthread_cond_signal和pthread_cond_timedwait用法
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
using namespace std;pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;int main() {//1.给pthread_cond_wait和pthread_cond_timedwait发信号(它俩是成对出现的),使其后边的代码可以执行.std::thread thread = std::thread([&]() {cout << "线程等待信号到来..." << endl;struct timeval now;struct timespec outtime;gettimeofday(&now, NULL);outtime.tv_sec = now.tv_sec + 10;//如果没有等到信号,则超过10s后自动处理.outtime.tv_nsec = now.tv_usec * 1000;pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));//2.可以设置超时时间,一旦超过设定时间,自动执行pthread_cond_timedwait函数后边的代码,它不受pthread_cond_signal的影响.pthread_cond_timedwait(&cond, &mutex, &outtime);printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));cout << "Thread timed wait for 10s." << endl;pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);});sleep(1);printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*(reinterpret_cast<int*>(&(cond.__data))));printf("%s() [%d], cond.__size = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__size))));printf("%s() [%d], cond.__align = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__align))));printf("%s() [%d], mutex.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(mutex.__data))));printf("%s() [%d], mutex.__size = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(mutex.__size))));printf("%s() [%d], mutex.__align = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(mutex.__align))));//pthread_cond_signal(&cond);//仅可以唤醒一个线程pthread_cond_broadcast(&cond);//可以唤醒全部线程printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));printf("%s() [%d], cond.__size = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__size))));printf("%s() [%d], cond.__align = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__align))));printf("%s() [%d], mutex.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(mutex.__data))));printf("%s() [%d], mutex.__size = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(mutex.__size))));printf("%s() [%d], mutex.__align = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(mutex.__align))));sleep(2);printf("%s() [%d], cond.__data = %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__,*((int*)(&(cond.__data))));thread.join();return 0;
}
打印
线程等待信号到来...
operator()() [23], cond.__data = 0
main() [33], cond.__data = 2
main() [34], cond.__data = 2
main() [37], cond.__size = 2
main() [38], cond.__align = 2
main() [40], mutex.__data = 0
main() [41], mutex.__size = 0
main() [42], mutex.__align = 0
main() [46], cond.__data = 3
main() [47], cond.__size = 3
main() [48], cond.__align = 3
main() [50], mutex.__data = 0
main() [51], mutex.__size = 0
main() [52], mutex.__align = 0
operator()() [26], cond.__data = 3
Thread timed wait for 10s.
main() [55], cond.__data = 3
总结:
在进入线程后,信号没来到之前 cond.__data=0;
当进入main进程时,cond.__data=2;
当pthread_cond_signal(&cond)发送信号后,cond.__data=3,然后线程中的pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex)收到cond.__data=3的信号,
立即释放互斥锁,解除阻塞,程序向下运行,到main函数结束。
3.总结
所以不管是pthread_cond_signal、pthread_cond_broadcast发送信号给pthread_cond_wait,还是pthread_cond_timedwait,最终信号发生变化的pthread_cond_t是的结构体变量__data字段,是它发生的变化,解除线程的阻塞状态。
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