本文主要是介绍SpringBoot-Web应用安全策略实现,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
背景
近期项目上线,甲方要求通过安全检测才能进行验收,故针对扫描结果对系统进行了一系列的安全加固,本文对一些常见的安全问题及防护策略进行介绍,提供对应的解决方案
跨站脚本攻击
XSS常发生于论坛评论等系统,现在富文本编辑器已对XSS进行了防护,但是我们任需要在后端接口进行数据过滤,
常见防护策略是通过过滤器将恶意提交的脚本进行过滤与替换
public class XSSFilter implements Filter {@Overridepublic void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {}@Overridepublic void destroy() {}@Overridepublic void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)throws IOException, ServletException {//System.out.println("XSSFilter");String contentType = request.getContentType();if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(contentType) && contentType.contains("application/json")) {XSSBodyRequestWrapper xssBodyRequestWrapper = new XSSBodyRequestWrapper((HttpServletRequest) request);chain.doFilter(xssBodyRequestWrapper, response);} else {chain.doFilter(request, response);}}
}
public class XSSBodyRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {private String body;public XSSBodyRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {super(request);try{body = XSSScriptUtil.handleString(CommonUtil.getBodyString(request));}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}@Overridepublic BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getInputStream()));}@Overridepublic ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {final ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(body.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));return new ServletInputStream() {@Overridepublic int read() throws IOException {return bais.read();}@Overridepublic boolean isFinished() {return false;}@Overridepublic boolean isReady() {return false;}@Overridepublic void setReadListener(ReadListener readListener) {}};}}
public class XSSScriptUtil {public static String handleString(String value) {if (value != null) {Pattern scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("<script>(\\s*.*?)</script>",Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("-");scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("</script(\\s*.*?)>",Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("-");scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("<script(\\s*.*?)>",Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE| Pattern.DOTALL);value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("-");scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("eval\\((.*?)\\)",Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE| Pattern.DOTALL);value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("-");scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("expression\\((.*?)\\)",Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE| Pattern.DOTALL);value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("-");scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("javascript:",Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("-");scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("vbscript:",Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("-");scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("onload(.*?)=",Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE| Pattern.DOTALL);value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("-");scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("<+.*(oncontrolselect|oncopy|oncut|ondataavailable|ondatasetchanged|ondatasetcomplete|ondblclick|ondeactivate|ondrag|ondragend|ondragenter|ondragleave|ondragover|ondragstart|ondrop|onerror|onerroupdate|onfilterchange|onfinish|onfocus|onfocusin|onfocusout|onhelp|onkeydown|onkeypress|onkeyup|onlayoutcomplete|onload|onlosecapture|onmousedown|onmouseenter|onmouseleave|onmousemove|onmousout|onmouseover|onmouseup|onmousewheel|onmove|onmoveend|onmovestart|onabort|onactivate|onafterprint|onafterupdate|onbefore|onbeforeactivate|onbeforecopy|onbeforecut|onbeforedeactivate|onbeforeeditocus|onbeforepaste|onbeforeprint|onbeforeunload|onbeforeupdate|onblur|onbounce|oncellchange|onchange|onclick|oncontextmenu|onpaste|onpropertychange|onreadystatechange|onreset|onresize|onresizend|onresizestart|onrowenter|onrowexit|onrowsdelete|onrowsinserted|onscroll|onselect|onselectionchange|onselectstart|onstart|onstop|onsubmit|onunload)+.*=+",Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE| Pattern.DOTALL);value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("-");// 过滤emoji表情scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("[\ud83c\udc00-\ud83c\udfff]|[\ud83d\udc00-\ud83d\udfff]|[\u2600-\u27ff]",Pattern.UNICODE_CASE | Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("-");}return value;}
}
SQL注入
sql注入是系统最常见的安全问题之一,会导致登陆安全,数据访问权限安全等,常见策略除了对sql语句保持参数化编写外,我们也需要使用拦截器对与提交参数进行检测,出现敏感字符进行错误提示
@Component
public class SQLInjectInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {@Overridepublic boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {//System.out.println("SQLInjectInterceptor");boolean isvalid = true;String contentType = request.getContentType();if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(contentType) && contentType.contains("application/json")) {String body = CommonUtil.getBodyString(request);try {Object object = JSON.parse(body);if (object instanceof JSONObject) {JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(body);for (Map.Entry<String, Object> item : jsonObject.entrySet()) {String value = ConvertOp.convert2String(item.getValue());if (SQLInjectUtil.checkSQLInject(value)) {isvalid = false;break;}}}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (!isvalid) {response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/frame/error/sqlInjectionError");}return isvalid;}}
public class SQLInjectUtil {public static String keyWord = "select|update|delete|insert|truncate|declare|cast|xp_cmdshell|count|char|length|sleep|master|mid|and|or";public static boolean checkSQLInject(String value) {boolean flag = false;value = ConvertOp.convert2String(value).toLowerCase().trim();if (!StringUtil.isEmpty(value) && !StringUtil.checkIsOnlyContainCharAndNum(value)) {List<String> keyWordList = Arrays.asList(keyWord.split("\\|"));for (String ss : keyWordList) {if (value.contains(ss)) {if (StringUtil.checkFlowChar(value, ss, " ", true) ||StringUtil.checkFlowChar(value, ss, "(", true) ||StringUtil.checkFlowChar(value, ss, CommonUtil.getNewLine(), true)) {flag = true;break;}}}}return flag;}
}
HTTP请求方法限制
我们应该只保留系统需要的请求方法,其它方法例如DELETE,PUT,TRACE等会造成系统数据泄露或破坏,一般在运行容器中配置即可,针对jar包运行的项目,因为使用了内置的tomcat,所以需要单独的配置文件代码进行控制
@Configuration
public class TomcatConfig {@Beanpublic TomcatServletWebServerFactory servletContainer() {TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletContainerFactory = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory() {@Overrideprotected void postProcessContext(Context context) {SecurityConstraint constraint = new SecurityConstraint();SecurityCollection collection = new SecurityCollection();//http方法List<String> forbiddenList = Arrays.asList("PUT|DELETE|HEAD|TRACE".split("\\|"));for (String method:forbiddenList) {collection.addMethod(method);}//url匹配表达式collection.addPattern("/*");constraint.addCollection(collection);constraint.setAuthConstraint(true);context.addConstraint(constraint );//设置使用httpOnlycontext.setUseHttpOnly(true);}};tomcatServletContainerFactory.addConnectorCustomizers(connector -> {connector.setAllowTrace(true);});return tomcatServletContainerFactory;}}
用户权限
密码加密
针对用户密码需要进行密文存储,保证数据安全,常用MD5算法,因为MD5的加密结果的固定性,我们需要在加密时加入盐来保证每个密码密文的唯一性,我们采用的是MD5(密码+“|”+登录名)的方式,同时针对加密内容存在中文的情况下完善处理,避免前后端MD5加密结果不一致的情况
public class EncryptUtil {public static String encryptByMD5(String str) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnsupportedEncodingException {//生成md5加密算法MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");md5.update(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));byte b[] = md5.digest();int i;StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer("");for (int j = 0; j < b.length; j++) {i = b[j];if (i < 0)i += 256;if (i < 16)buf.append("0");buf.append(Integer.toHexString(i));}String md5_32 = buf.toString(); //32位加密 与mysql的MD5函数结果一致。
// String md5_16 = buf.toString().substring(8, 24); //16位加密return md5_32;}
}
登陆验证码
登陆验证码我们是基于redis来实现的,传统session实现方式会在chrome高版本跨域情况下有所限制
验证码实现方式就是生成随机字符,根据随机字符生成对应Base64图片,将图片返回给前端,字符存储Redis中并设置过期时间
@Component
public class ValidateCodeUtil {private static Random random = new Random();private int width = 165; //验证码的宽private int height = 45; //验证码的高private int lineSize = 30; //验证码中夹杂的干扰线数量private int randomStrNum = 4; //验证码字符个数private String randomString = "0123456789";private final String sessionKey = "ValidateCode";private int validDBIndex = 2;@AutowiredRedisUtil redisUtil;@Autowiredprivate FrameConfig frameConfig;public String getBase64ValidateImage(String key) {ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();// BufferedImage类是具有缓冲区的Image类,Image类是用于描述图像信息的类BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);Graphics g = image.getGraphics();g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);g.setColor(getRandomColor(105, 189));g.setFont(getFont());//干扰线for (int i = 0; i < lineSize; i++) {drawLine(g);}//随机字符String randomStr = "";for (int i = 0; i < randomStrNum; i++) {randomStr = drawString(g, randomStr, i);}g.dispose();redisUtil.redisTemplateSetForList(key,sessionKey,randomStr,validDBIndex);redisUtil.setExpire(key, frameConfig.getValidatecode_expireseconds(),TimeUnit.SECONDS,validDBIndex);String base64String = "";try {// 直接返回图片// ImageIO.write(image, "PNG", response.getOutputStream());//返回 base64ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();ImageIO.write(image, "PNG", bos);byte[] bytes = bos.toByteArray();Base64.Encoder encoder = Base64.getEncoder();base64String = encoder.encodeToString(bytes);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return base64String;}public String checkValidate(String key,String code){String errorMessage = "";if(redisUtil.isValid(key,validDBIndex)){String sessionCode = ConvertOp.convert2String(redisUtil.redisTemplateGetForList(key,sessionKey,validDBIndex));if(!code.toLowerCase().equals(sessionCode)){errorMessage = "验证码不正确";}}else{errorMessage = "验证码已过期";}return errorMessage;}//颜色的设置private Color getRandomColor(int fc, int bc) {fc = Math.min(fc, 255);bc = Math.min(bc, 255);int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 16);int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 14);int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 12);return new Color(r, g, b);}//字体的设置private Font getFont() {return new Font("Times New Roman", Font.ROMAN_BASELINE, 40);}//干扰线的绘制private void drawLine(Graphics g) {int x = random.nextInt(width);int y = random.nextInt(height);int xl = random.nextInt(20);int yl = random.nextInt(10);g.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl);}//随机字符的获取private String getRandomString(int num){num = num > 0 ? num : randomString.length();return String.valueOf(randomString.charAt(random.nextInt(num)));}//字符串的绘制private String drawString(Graphics g, String randomStr, int i) {g.setFont(getFont());g.setColor(getRandomColor(108, 190));//System.out.println(random.nextInt(randomString.length()));String rand = getRandomString(random.nextInt(randomString.length()));randomStr += rand;g.translate(random.nextInt(3), random.nextInt(6));g.drawString(rand, 40 * i + 10, 25);return randomStr;}
}
踢人下线
此功能保证一个用户账号只能在同一个相同类型的设备上登陆,不同设备重复登陆,则其他登陆机器自动下,所以我们需要存储用户的登陆情况,表结构设计如下,LoginFrom标识登陆来源,比如电脑,移动端,大屏机等等,自动下线操作可以采用websoket监听通知
CREATE TABLE `f_online` (`UnitGuid` varchar(50) NOT NULL,`UserGuid` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,`UserName` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,`LoginFrom` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,`LoginDate` datetime DEFAULT NULL,`LoginToken` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,`ReserveA` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,`ReserveB` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,`ReserveC` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,`ReserveD` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,`SpareX` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,`SpareY` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,`SpareZ` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`UnitGuid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
登陆错误锁定
为了避免恶意尝试密码登陆,我们需要对在一定时间内登陆错误的用户进行临时的锁定,我们结合登陆日志,例如如果在1分钟内登陆失败超过5此,则进行账户锁定1分钟,将锁定的key根据用户名生成存入redis中,设置锁定时间,在下次登陆时首先检查是否有对应的锁即可
Druid设置
系统在集成Druid线程池时,会默认有监控页面暴露,我们要做好登陆权限设置,避免数据库信息泄露
@Beanpublic ServletRegistrationBean druidServlet() {ServletRegistrationBean reg = new ServletRegistrationBean();reg.setServlet(new StatViewServlet());reg.addUrlMappings("/druid/*");reg.addInitParameter("allow", ""); //白名单reg.addInitParameter("loginUsername", "admin");reg.addInitParameter("loginPassword", "11111");return reg;}
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