本文主要是介绍计算机总线及外部总线汇总，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
参考视频教程:
计算机总线
名称 传输速率(比特/字节) 推出年分 I²C 3.4 Mbit/s 425 kB/s 1992 Apple II series (incl. Apple IIGS) 8-bit/1 MHz 8 Mbit/s 1 MB/s[[31]](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/電腦裝置頻寬列表#cite_note-31)[32] 1977 SS-50 Bus 8-bit/1(?) MHz 8 Mbit/s 1 MB/s STD-80 8-bit/8 MHz 16 Mbit/s 2 MB/s ISA 8-Bit/4.77 MHz 19.1 Mbit/s 2.39 MB/s 1981 STD-80 16-bit/8 MHz 32 Mbit/s 4 MB/s Zorro II 16-bit/7.14 MHz[33] 42.4 Mbit/s 5.3 MB/s 1986 ISA 16-Bit/8.33 MHz 66.7 Mbit/s 8.33 MB/s 1984 Europe Card Bus 8-Bit/10 MHz 66.7 Mbit/s 8.33 MB/s 1977 S-100 bus 8-bit/10 MHz 80 Mbit/s 10 MB/s 1976 Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (Up to 100 MHz) 100 Mbit/s 12.5 MB/s 1989 Low Pin Count 125 Mbit/s 15.63 MB/s [x] 2002 STEbus 8-Bit/16 MHz 128 Mbit/s 16 MB/s 1987 C-Bus 16-bit/10 MHz 160 Mbit/s 20 MB/s[34] 1982 HP Precision Bus 184 Mbit/s 23 MB/s STD-32 32-bit/8 MHz 256 Mbit/s 32 MB/s[35] NESA 32-bit/8 MHz 256 Mbit/s 32 MB/s EISA 8-16-32bit/8.33 MHz 266.56 Mbit/s 33.32 MB/s 1988 VME64 32-64bit 400 Mbit/s 40 MB/s 1981 NuBus 10 MHz 400 Mbit/s 40 MB/s 1987 DEC TURBOchannel 32-bit/12.5 MHz 400 Mbit/s 50 MB/s MCA 16-32bit/10 MHz 660 Mbit/s 66 MB/s 1987 NuBus90 20 MHz 800 Mbit/s 80 MB/s 1991 APbus 32-bit/25(?) MHz 800 Mbit/s 100 MB/s[36] Sbus 32-bit/25 MHz 800 Mbit/s 100 MB/s 1989 DEC TURBOchannel 32-bit/25 MHz 800 Mbit/s 100 MB/s Local Bus 98 32-bit/33 MHz 1056 Mbit/s 132 MB/s VESA Local Bus (VLB) 32-bit/33 MHz 1067 Mbit/s 133.33 MB/s 1992 PCI 32-bit/33 MHz 1067 Mbit/s 133.33 MB/s 1993 HP GSC-1X 1136 Mbit/s 142 MB/s Zorro III 32-bit/async (eq. 37.5 MHz)[[37]](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/電腦裝置頻寬列表#cite_note-37)[38] 1200 Mbit/s 150 MB/s[39] 1990 VESA Local Bus (VLB) 32-bit/40 MHz 1280 Mbit/s 160 MB/s 1992 Sbus 64-bit/25 MHz 1.6 Gbit/s 200 MB/s 1995 PCI Express 1.0 (×1 link)[40] 2.5 Gbit/s 250 MB/s [z] 2004 HP GSC-2X 2.048 Gbit/s 256 MB/s PCI 64-bit/33 MHz 2.133 Gbit/s 266.7 MB/s 1993 PCI 32-bit/66 MHz 2.133 Gbit/s 266.7 MB/s 1995 AGP 1× 2.133 Gbit/s 266.7 MB/s 1997 RapidIO Gen1 1× 2.5 Gbit/s 312.5 MB/s HIO bus 2.560 Gbit/s 320 MB/s GIO64 64-bit/40 MHz 2.560 Gbit/s 320 MB/s PCI Express 1.0 (×2 link)[40] 5 Gbit/s 500 MB/s [z] 2011 PCI Express 2.0 (×1 link)[41] 5 Gbit/s 500 MB/s [z] 2007 AGP 2× 4.266 Gbit/s 533.3 MB/s 1997 PCI 64-bit/66 MHz 4.266 Gbit/s 533.3 MB/s PCI-X DDR 16-bit 4.266 Gbit/s 533.3 MB/s RapidIO Gen2 1× 5 Gbit/s 625 MB/s PCI 64-bit/100 MHz 6.4 Gbit/s 800 MB/s PCI Express 3.0 (×1 link)[42] 8 Gbit/s 984.6 MB/s [y] 2011 Unified Media Interface (UMI) (×4 link) 10 Gbit/s 1 GB/s [z] 2011 Direct Media Interface (DMI) (×4 link) 10 Gbit/s 1 GB/s [z] 2004 Enterprise Southbridge Interface (ESI) 8 Gbit/s 1 GB/s PCI Express 1.0 (×4 link)[40] 10 Gbit/s 1 GB/s [z] 2004 AGP 4× 8.533 Gbit/s 1.067 GB/s 1998 PCI-X 133 8.533 Gbit/s 1.067 GB/s PCI-X QDR 16-bit 8.533 Gbit/s 1.067 GB/s InfiniBand single 4×[29] 8 Gbit/s 1 GB/s RapidIO Gen1 4× 10 Gbit/s 1.25 GB/s RapidIO Gen2 2× 10 Gbit/s 1.25 GB/s UPA 15.360 Gbit/s 1.920 GB/s Unified Media Interface 2.0 (UMI 2.0; ×4 link) 20 Gbit/s 2 GB/s [z] 2012 Direct Media Interface 2.0 (DMI 2.0; ×4 link) 20 Gbit/s 2 GB/s [z] 2011 PCI Express 1.0 (×8 link)[40] 20 Gbit/s 2 GB/s [z] 2004 PCI Express 2.0 (×4 link)[41] 20 Gbit/s 2 GB/s [z] 2007 AGP 8× 17.066 Gbit/s 2.133 GB/s 2002 PCI-X DDR 17.066 Gbit/s 2.133 GB/s RapidIO Gen2 4× 20 Gbit/s 2.5 GB/s Sun JBus (200 MHz) 20.48 Gbit/s 2.56 GB/s 2003 HyperTransport (800 MHz, 16-pair) 25.6 Gbit/s 3.2 GB/s 2001 PCI Express 3.0 (×4 link)[42] 32 Gbit/s 3.938 GB/s [y] 2011 HyperTransport (1 GHz, 16-pair) 32 Gbit/s 4 GB/s PCI Express 1.0 (×16 link)[40] 40 Gbit/s 4 GB/s [z] 2004 PCI Express 2.0 (×8 link)[41] 40 Gbit/s 4 GB/s [z] 2007 PCI-X QDR 34.133 Gbit/s 4.266 GB/s AGP 8× 64-bit 34.133 Gbit/s 4.266 GB/s RapidIO Gen2 8x 40 Gbit/s 5 GB/s Direct Media Interface 3.0 (DMI 3.0; ×4 link) 40 Gbit/s 4 GB/s [z] 2015 PCI Express 3.0 (×8 link)[42] 64 Gbit/s 7.877 GB/s [y] 2011 PCI Express 1.0 (×32 link)[40] 80 Gbit/s 8 GB/s [z] 2001 PCI Express 2.0 (×16 link)[41] 80 Gbit/s 8 GB/s [z] 2007 RapidIO Gen2 16x 80 Gbit/s 10 GB/s PCI Express 3.0 (×16 link)[42] 128 Gbit/s 15.75 GB/s [y] 2011 PCI Express 2.0 (×32 link)[41] 160 Gbit/s 16 GB/s [z] 2007 QPI (4.80GT/s, 2.40 GHz) 153.6 Gbit/s 19.2 GB/s HyperTransport 2.0 (1.4 GHz, 32-pair) 179.2 Gbit/s 22.4 GB/s 2004 QPI (5.86GT/s, 2.93 GHz) 187.52 Gbit/s 23.44 GB/s QPI (6.40GT/s, 3.20 GHz) 204.8 Gbit/s 25.6 GB/s QPI (7.2GT/s, 3.6 GHz) 230.4 Gbit/s 28.8 GB/s 2012 PCI Express 3.0 (×32 link)[42] 256 Gbit/s 31.51 GB/s [y] 2011 QPI (8.0GT/s, 4.0 GHz) 256.0 Gbit/s 32.0 GB/s 2012 QPI (9.6GT/s, 4.8 GHz) 307.2 Gbit/s 38.4 GB/s 2014 HyperTransport 3.0 (2.6 GHz, 32-pair) 332.8 Gbit/s 41.6 GB/s 2006 HyperTransport 3.1 (3.2 GHz, 32-pair) 409.6 Gbit/s 51.2 GB/s 2008 NVLink 640 Gbit/s 80 GB/s 2016 NVLink 2.0 2400 Gbit/s 300 GB/s 2017 Infinity Fabric (512bit * 2s * 2666Mhz)[43] 2.729984 Tbit/s 341.248 GB/s 2017 Infinity Fabric (Max theoretical) 4.096 Tbit/s 512 GB/s 2017
笔记本电脑的外部总线
名称 最高速率(比特/字节) 推出年分 PC Card 16-bit 255 ns byte mode 31.36 Mbit/s 3.92 MB/s PC Card 16-bit 255 ns word mode 62.72 Mbit/s 7.84 MB/s PC Card 16-bit 100 ns byte mode 80 Mbit/s 10 MB/s PC Card 16-bit 100 ns word mode 160 Mbit/s 20 MB/s PC Card 32-bit (CardBus) byte mode 267 Mbit/s 33.33 MB/s ExpressCard 1.2 USB 2.0 mode 480 Mbit/s 60 MB/s PC Card 32-bit (CardBus) word mode 533 Mbit/s 66.66 MB/s PC Card 32-bit (CardBus) doubleword mode 1067 Mbit/s 133.33 MB/s ExpressCard 1.2 PCI Express mode 2500 Mbit/s 250 MB/s ExpressCard 2.0 USB 3.0 mode 4800 Mbit/s 600 MB/s ExpressCard 2.0 PCI Express mode 5000 Mbit/s 625 MB/s
计算机存储设备
名称 最高速率(比特/字节) 推出年分 Teletype Model 33 paper tape (70 bit/s, 10 ASCII characters per second) 0.000070 Mbit/s 0.000010 MB/s 1963 TRS-80 Model 1 Level 1 BASIC cassette tape interface (250 bit/s ) 0.00025 Mbit/s 0.000032 MB/s 1977 Apple 2 cassette tape interface (1500 bit/s) 0.0015 Mbit/s 0.0002 MB/s 1977 Single Density 8-inch FM Floppy Disk Controller (160 KB) 0.250 Mbit/s 0.031 MB/s 1973 Double Density 5.25-inch MFM Floppy Disk Controller (360 KB) 0.500 Mbit/s 0.062 MB/s 1978 High Density MFM Floppy Disk Controller (1.2 MB/1.44 MB) 1.0 Mbit/s 0.124 MB/s 1984 CD Controller (1×) 1.171 Mbit/s 0.146 MB/s 1988 MFM hard disk 5 Mbit/s 0.625 MB/s 1980 RLL hard disk 7.5 Mbit/s 0.937 MB/s DVD Controller (1×) 11.1 Mbit/s 1.32 MB/s ESDI 24 Mbit/s 3 MB/s ATA PIO Mode 0 26.4 Mbit/s 3.3 MB/s 1986 HD DVD Controller (1×) 36 Mbit/s 4.5 MB/s Blu-ray Controller (1×) 36 Mbit/s 4.5 MB/s SCSI (Narrow SCSI) (5 MHz)[44] 40 Mbit/s 5 MB/s 1986 ATA PIO Mode 1 41.6 Mbit/s 5.2 MB/s 1994 ATA PIO Mode 2 66.4 Mbit/s 8.3 MB/s 1994 Fast SCSI (8 bits/10 MHz) 80 Mbit/s 10 MB/s ATA PIO Mode 3 88.8 Mbit/s 11.1 MB/s 1996 AoE over Fast Ethernet[45] 100 Mbit/s 11.9 MB/s 2009 iSCSI over Fast Ethernet[46] 100 Mbit/s 11.9 MB/s 2004 ATA PIO Mode 4 133.3 Mbit/s 16.7 MB/s 1996 Fast Wide SCSI (16 bits/10 MHz) 160 Mbit/s 20 MB/s Ultra SCSI (Fast-20 SCSI) (8 bits/20 MHz) 160 Mbit/s 20 MB/s Ultra DMA ATA 33 264 Mbit/s 33 MB/s 1998 Ultra Wide SCSI (16 bits/20 MHz) 320 Mbit/s 40 MB/s Ultra-2 SCSI 40 (Fast-40 SCSI) (8 bits/40 MHz) 320 Mbit/s 40 MB/s Ultra DMA ATA 66 533.6 Mbit/s 66.7 MB/s 2000 Blu-ray Controller (16×) 576 Mbit/s 72 MB/s Ultra-2 wide SCSI (16 bits/40 MHz) 640 Mbit/s 80 MB/s Serial Storage Architecture SSA 640 Mbit/s 80 MB/s 1990 Ultra DMA ATA 100 800 Mbit/s 100 MB/s 2002 Fibre Channel 1GFC (1.0625 GHz)[47] 850 Mbit/s 103.23 MB/s 1997 AoE over gigabit Ethernet, jumbo frames[48] 1000 Mbit/s 124.2 MB/s 2009 iSCSI over gigabit Ethernet, jumbo frames[49] 1000 Mbit/s 123.9 MB/s 2004 Ultra DMA ATA 133 1064 Mbit/s 133 MB/s 2005 Ultra-3 SCSI (Ultra 160 SCSI; Fast-80 Wide SCSI) (16 bits/40 MHz DDR) 1280 Mbit/s 160 MB/s SATA revision 1.0[50] 1500 Mbit/s 150 MB/s [a] 2003 Fibre Channel 2GFC (2.125 GHz)[47] 1700 Mbit/s 206.5 MB/s 2001 Ultra-320 SCSI (Ultra4 SCSI) (16 bits/80 MHz DDR) 2560 Mbit/s 320 MB/s Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)[50] 3000 Mbit/s 300 MB/s [a] 2004 SATA Revision 2.0[50] 3000 Mbit/s 300 MB/s [a] 2004 Fibre Channel 4GFC (4.25 GHz)[47] 3400 Mbit/s 413 MB/s 2004 Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 2[50] 6000 Mbit/s 600 MB/s [a] 2009 SATA Revision 3.0[50] 6000 Mbit/s 600 MB/s [a] 2008 Fibre Channel 8GFC (8.50 GHz)[47] 6800 Mbit/s 826 MB/s 2005 Fibre Channel 16GFC (14.025 GHz)[47] 13600 Mbit/s 1652 MB/s [b] 2011 Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 3[50] 12000 Mbit/s 1200 MB/s 2013 AoE over 10GbE[48] 10000 Mbit/s 1242 MB/s 2009 iSCSI over 10GbE[49] 10000 Mbit/s 1239 MB/s 2004 FCoE over 10GbE[51] 10000 Mbit/s 1206 MB/s 2009 SATA revision 3.2 - SATA Express 16000 Mbit/s 2000 MB/s 2013 Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 4 (preliminary specification) 22500 Mbit/s 2400 MB/s [c] tba Fibre Channel 32GFC (28.05 GHz)[47] 26424 Mbit/s 3303 MB/s [b] 2016 NVMe over M.2 or U.2 (using PCI Express 3.0 ×4 link)[42] 32000 Mbit/s 3938 MB/s 2013 iSCSI over InfiniBand 4× 32000 Mbit/s 4000 MB/s 2007 iSCSI over 100G Ethernet[49] 100000 Mbit/s 12392 MB/s 2010 FCoE over 100G Ethernet[51] 100000 Mbit/s 12064 MB/s 2010
计算机外部总线
名称 最高速率(比特/字节) 推出年分 Apple Desktop Bus 10.0 kbit/s 1.25 kB/s 1986 PS/2 port 12.0 kbit/s 1.5 kB/s 1987 Serial MIDI 31.25 kbit/s 3.9 kB/s 1983 CBM Bus max[[52]](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/電腦裝置頻寬列表#cite_note-52)[53] 41.6 kbit/s 5.1 kB/s 1981 Serial RS-232 max 230.4 kbit/s 28.8 kB/s 1962 Serial DMX512A 250.0 kbit/s 31.25 kB/s 1998 Parallel (Centronics) 1 Mbit/s 125 kB/s 1970 (standardised 1994) Serial 16550 UART max 1.5 Mbit/s 187.5 kB/s USB 1.0 low speed 1.536 Mbit/s 192 kB/s 1996 Serial UART max 2.7648 Mbit/s 345.6 kB/s GPIB/HPIB (IEEE-488.1) IEEE-488 max. 8 Mbit/s 1 MB/s Late 1960s (standardised 1976) Serial EIA-422 max. 10 Mbit/s 1.25 MB/s USB 1.0 full speed 12 Mbit/s 1.5 MB/s 1996 Parallel (Centronics) EPP 2 MHz 16 Mbit/s 2 MB/s 1992 Serial EIA-485 max. 35 Mbit/s 4.375 MB/s GPIB/HPIB (IEEE-488.1-2003) IEEE-488 max. 64 Mbit/s 8 MB/s FireWire (IEEE 1394) 100 98.304 Mbit/s 12.288 MB/s 1995 FireWire (IEEE 1394) 200 196.608 Mbit/s 24.576 MB/s 1995 FireWire (IEEE 1394) 400 393.216 Mbit/s 49.152 MB/s 1995 USB 2.0 high speed 480 Mbit/s 60 MB/s 2000 FireWire (IEEE 1394b) 800[54] 786.432 Mbit/s 98.304 MB/s 2002 Fibre Channel 1 Gb SCSI 1062.5 Mbit/s 100 MB/s FireWire (IEEE 1394b) 1600[54] 1.573 Gbit/s 196.6 MB/s 2007 Fibre Channel 2 Gb SCSI 2125 Mbit/s 200 MB/s eSATA (SATA 300) 3 Gbit/s 375 MB/s 2004 CoaXPress Base (up and down bidirectional link) 3.125 Gbit/s + 20.833 Mbit/s 390 MB/s 2009 FireWire (IEEE 1394b) 3200[54] 3145.7 Mbit/s 393.216 MB/s 2007 External PCI Express 2.0 ×1 4 Gbit/s 500 MB/s Fibre Channel 4 Gb SCSI 4.25 Gbit/s 531.25 MB/s USB 3.0 SuperSpeed 5 Gbit/s 625 MB/s 2010 eSATA (SATA 600) 6 Gbit/s 750 MB/s 2011 CoaXPress full (up and down bidirectional link) 6.25 Gbit/s + 20.833 Mbit/s 781 MB/s 2009 External PCI Express 2.0 ×2 8 Gbit/s 1000 MB/s USB 3.1 SuperSpeed+ 10 Gbit/s 1250 MB/s 2013 Thunderbolt 2 × 10 Gbit/s 2 × 1250 MB/s 2011 External PCI Express 2.0 ×4 16 Gbit/s 2000 MB/s Thunderbolt 2 20 Gbit/s 2500 MB/s 2013 External PCI Express 2.0 ×8 32 Gbit/s 4000 MB/s Thunderbolt 3 40 Gbit/s 5000 MB/s 2015 External PCI Express 2.0 ×16 64 Gbit/s 8000 MB/s
这篇关于计算机总线及外部总线汇总的文章就介绍到这儿，希望我们推荐的文章对编程师们有所帮助！
