原型模式,简化多次创建相同的内容

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原型模式的定义：用原型实例指定创建对象的种类，并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象。
UML图：

C++代码：

// filename: prototype.h
// author: Qinglong.mark.He
#include <iostream>
#include < string >

class Prototype
{
protected :
    std:: string name;
public :
    Prototype(){}
     virtual ~Prototype(){}

     virtual Prototype *clone(){ return nullptr;}
     virtual void set ( char *n){}
     virtual void show(){}
};

class PrototypeA: public Prototype
{
public :
    PrototypeA(){
        name = "PrototypeA";
    }

    PrototypeA( const PrototypeA &r){
        name = r.name;
    }
    ~PrototypeA(){
    }
    PrototypeA *clone(){
         return new PrototypeA(* this );
    }
     void show(){
        std::cout<<"PrototypeA name: "<<name<<std::endl;
    }
};

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class PrototypeB: public Prototype
{
public :
    PrototypeB(){
        name = "PrototypeB";
    }

    PrototypeB( const PrototypeB &r){
        name = r.name;
    }
    ~PrototypeB(){
    }
    PrototypeB *clone(){
         return new PrototypeB(* this );
    }
     void show(){
        std::cout<<"PrototypeB name: "<<name<<std::endl;
    }
};

测试用例：

#include "prototype.h"

int main(){
    auto r1 = new PrototypeA;
    auto r2 = new PrototypeB;
    auto r3 = r1->clone();
    auto r4 = r2->clone();

    r1->show();
    r2->show();
    delete r1;
    delete r2;

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