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文件分块传输是网络编程中一个常见的任务,尤其是在处理大文件时,将文件分块可以提高传输效率,简化错误处理,并可以实现并发传输。下面,写个从客户端向服务器发送大型数据的demo。
客户端
客户端有两点需要注意,在传输分两个一个是文件总块数和文件块,。传输文件总块数让服务器知道有多少文件块需要接收,确保所有数据都被完整地发送到服务器,避免因文件块数不对导致文件重组失败。
传输文件总块数
int sendAll(SOCKET s, const char* buf, int len, int flags) {int total = 0;int bytesLeft = len;int n;while (total < len) {n = send(s, buf + total, bytesLeft, flags);if (n == SOCKET_ERROR) {return SOCKET_ERROR;}total += n;bytesLeft -= n;}return total;
}
传输文件块
int sendFileBlock(SOCKET clientSocket, FileBlock* block) {int retry_count = 0;while (retry_count < MAX_RETRY_COUNT) {if (sendAll(clientSocket, (char*)&block->id, sizeof(block->id), 0) == SOCKET_ERROR ||sendAll(clientSocket, (char*)&block->size, sizeof(block->size), 0) == SOCKET_ERROR ||sendAll(clientSocket, block->data, block->size, 0) == SOCKET_ERROR ||sendAll(clientSocket, (char*)&block->crc32, sizeof(block->crc32), 0) == SOCKET_ERROR) {printf("发送块 %lld 失败,重试中...\n", block->id);retry_count++;Sleep(1000); // 等待1秒后重试} else {return 1; // 成功发送}}printf("发送块 %lld 失败,已达到最大重试次数\n", block->id);return 0;
}
服务器端
在服务器接收文件块时得做两件事:文件块接收和文件重组。
文件块接收
文件块接收牵扯到是否接收正确的判断,这里可以采用CRC32校验和判断服务器是否有接收正确文件块:
uint32_t calculateCRC32(const char* data, int32_t size) {uint32_t crc = 0xFFFFFFFF;for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {crc ^= data[i];for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {crc = (crc >> 1) ^ (0xEDB88320 & -(crc & 1));}}return ~crc;
}
稍微解释一下,第一个for遍历全部字节,第二个for是得到每一位的crc值,crc = (crc >> 1) ^ (0xEDB88320 & -(crc & 1));
,其中0xEDB88320是多项式常数,客户端和服务器应该一致。这个表达式将CRC值右移一位,如果CRC值的最低位是1,则将CRC值与0xEDB88320进行异或操作。
文件重组
文件重组还是比较简单的,首先在服务器目录下建立一个新的文件,遍历每个文件块fwrite写入创建好的文件,但是这里一定要记住在整个客户端和服务器端建立连接通信过程,一定要记得释放缓冲区内存!!!
void reassembleFile(const char* filename) {FILE* file = fopen(filename, "wb"); // 以二进制写模式打开文件if (file == NULL) {perror("无法创建输出文件");return;}// 写入文件for (int i = 0; i < totalBlocksExpected; i++) {fwrite(receivedBlocks[i].data, 1, receivedBlocks[i].size, file);free(receivedBlocks[i].data); // 释放内存}fclose(file); // 关闭文件printf("文件已重组并保存为 %s\n", filename);
}
最后,讲下服务器处理客户端发送的文件,首先接收客户端发来的文件总块数,先开辟相应大小的缓存数组:receivedBlocks = (FileBlock*)malloc(sizeof(FileBlock) * totalBlocksExpected);
这里值得一提FileBlock结构体,它是由块ID,data,size,crc32值组成。然后,将接收文件数据放入缓冲数组
block.data = (char*)malloc(block.size);int totalReceived = 0;while (totalReceived < block.size) {bytesReceived = recv(clientSocket, buffer, (BUFFER_SIZE<block.size - totalReceived?BUFFER_SIZE:block.size - totalReceived), 0);if (bytesReceived <= 0) {free(block.data);goto cleanup;}memcpy(block.data + totalReceived, buffer, bytesReceived);totalReceived += bytesReceived;}
最后验证CRC是否正确,将接收到的块重组成文件。
代码汇总
客户端代码
#include "p2p_common.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
#pragma execution_character_set("utf-8")
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define MAX_RETRY_COUNT 5void setConsoleCodePage() {SetConsoleOutputCP(65001);SetConsoleCP(65001);
}uint32_t calculateCRC32(const char* data, int32_t size) {uint32_t crc = 0xFFFFFFFF;for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {crc ^= data[i];for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {crc = (crc >> 1) ^ (0xEDB88320 & -(crc & 1));}}return ~crc;
}
//传输总块数
int sendAll(SOCKET s, const char* buf, int len, int flags) {int total = 0;int bytesLeft = len;int n;while (total < len) {n = send(s, buf + total, bytesLeft, flags);if (n == SOCKET_ERROR) {return SOCKET_ERROR;}total += n;bytesLeft -= n;}return total;
}int sendFileBlock(SOCKET clientSocket, FileBlock* block) {int retry_count = 0;while (retry_count < MAX_RETRY_COUNT) {if (sendAll(clientSocket, (char*)&block->id, sizeof(block->id), 0) == SOCKET_ERROR ||sendAll(clientSocket, (char*)&block->size, sizeof(block->size), 0) == SOCKET_ERROR ||sendAll(clientSocket, block->data, block->size, 0) == SOCKET_ERROR ||sendAll(clientSocket, (char*)&block->crc32, sizeof(block->crc32), 0) == SOCKET_ERROR) {printf("发送块 %lld 失败,重试中...\n", block->id);retry_count++;Sleep(1000); // 等待1秒后重试} else {return 1; // 成功发送}}printf("发送块 %lld 失败,已达到最大重试次数\n", block->id);return 0;
}void displayProgress(int64_t current, int64_t total) {const int barWidth = 50;float progress = (float)current / total;int pos = barWidth * progress;printf("\r[");for (int i = 0; i < barWidth; ++i) {if (i < pos) printf("=");else if (i == pos) printf(">");else printf(" ");}printf("] %d%%", (int)(progress * 100.0));fflush(stdout);
}
int main() {setConsoleCodePage();WSADATA wsaData;SOCKET clientSocket;struct sockaddr_in serverAddr;char filename[BUFFER_SIZE];if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0) {printf("WSAStartup 失败!\n");return -1;}printf("请输入要上传的文件名: ");scanf("%s", filename);getchar(); // 清除输入缓冲FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "rb");if (fp == NULL) {perror("无法打开文件");WSACleanup();return -1;}// 获取文件大小,fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);long fileSize = ftell(fp);fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);//向上取整int totalBlocks = (fileSize + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE;clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if (clientSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {printf("套接字创建失败!\n");fclose(fp);WSACleanup();return -1;}serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;serverAddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");if (connect(clientSocket, (struct sockaddr*)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR) {printf("连接失败!\n");closesocket(clientSocket);fclose(fp);WSACleanup();return -1;}printf("已连接到服务器。\n");if (sendAll(clientSocket, (char*)&totalBlocks, sizeof(totalBlocks), 0) == SOCKET_ERROR) {printf("发送总块数失败\n");closesocket(clientSocket);fclose(fp);WSACleanup();return -1;}FileBlock block;for (int64_t i = 0; i < totalBlocks; i++) {block.id = i;block.size = (i == totalBlocks - 1) ? (fileSize % BLOCK_SIZE) : BLOCK_SIZE;if (block.size == 0) block.size = BLOCK_SIZE;block.data = (char*)malloc(block.size);fread(block.data, 1, block.size, fp);block.crc32 = calculateCRC32(block.data, block.size);if (!sendFileBlock(clientSocket, &block)) {printf("\n发送块 %lld 失败,传输中断\n", block.id);free(block.data);closesocket(clientSocket);fclose(fp);WSACleanup();return -1;}displayProgress(i + 1, totalBlocks);free(block.data);}printf("\n文件传输完成。\n");// 等待服务器确认char confirmation[BUFFER_SIZE];int received = recv(clientSocket, confirmation, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);if (received > 0) {confirmation[received] = '\0';printf("服务器响应: %s\n", confirmation);} else {printf("未收到服务器确认\n");}fclose(fp);closesocket(clientSocket);WSACleanup();printf("上传成功。按任意键退出...\n");getchar();return 0;
}
服务器端代码
#include "p2p_common.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <winsock2.h> // Windows套接字库
#include <ws2tcpip.h> // TCP/IP协议相关库
#include <process.h> #pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib") // 链接ws2_32库
#pragma execution_character_set("utf-8") // 设置执行字符集为UTF-8
#define MAX_BLOCKS 1000000 // 定义最大块数
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024 // 定义缓冲区大小FileBlock* receivedBlocks = NULL; // 接收到的文件块数组
int blockCount = 0; // 已接收的块数
CRITICAL_SECTION blockMutex; // 用于线程同步的临界区
int serverRunning = 1; // 服务器运行状态标志
int totalBlocksExpected = 0; // 预期接收的总块数// 设置控制台代码页为UTF-8
void setConsoleCodePage() {SetConsoleOutputCP(65001); // 设置输出代码页为UTF-8SetConsoleCP(65001); // 设置输入代码页为UTF-8
}// CRC32校验和计算函数
uint32_t calculateCRC32(const char* data, int32_t size) {uint32_t crc = 0xFFFFFFFF;for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {crc ^= data[i];for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {crc = (crc >> 1) ^ (0xEDB88320 & -(crc & 1));}}return ~crc;
}
// 文件重组函数
void reassembleFile(const char* filename) {FILE* file = fopen(filename, "wb"); // 以二进制写模式打开文件if (file == NULL) {perror("无法创建输出文件");return;}// 写入文件for (int i = 0; i < totalBlocksExpected; i++) {fwrite(receivedBlocks[i].data, 1, receivedBlocks[i].size, file);//fwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t count, FILE *stream);free(receivedBlocks[i].data); // 释放内存}fclose(file); // 关闭文件printf("文件已重组并保存为 %s\n", filename);
}// 处理客户端连接的线程函数
unsigned __stdcall handleClient(void* arg) {SOCKET clientSocket = *(SOCKET*)arg; // 客户端套接字FileBlock block;char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];int bytesReceived;// 接收总块数针对服务器的预期if (totalBlocksExpected == 0) {//开始接收文件块之前,服务器需要知道总共有多少个文件块需要接收if (recv(clientSocket, (char*)&totalBlocksExpected, sizeof(totalBlocksExpected), 0) <= 0) {printf("接收总块数失败\n");closesocket(clientSocket);return 0;}printf("预期接收总块数:%d\n", totalBlocksExpected);receivedBlocks = (FileBlock*)malloc(sizeof(FileBlock) * totalBlocksExpected);if (receivedBlocks == NULL) {printf("内存分配失败\n");closesocket(clientSocket);return 0;}}while (1) {// 接收块IDif (recv(clientSocket, (char*)&block.id, sizeof(block.id), 0) <= 0) {break;}// 接收数据大小if (recv(clientSocket, (char*)&block.size, sizeof(block.size), 0) <= 0) {break;}// 分配内存并接收数据block.data = (char*)malloc(block.size);int totalReceived = 0;while (totalReceived < block.size) {bytesReceived = recv(clientSocket, buffer, (BUFFER_SIZE<block.size - totalReceived?BUFFER_SIZE:block.size - totalReceived), 0);if (bytesReceived <= 0) {free(block.data);goto cleanup;}memcpy(block.data + totalReceived, buffer, bytesReceived);totalReceived += bytesReceived;}// 接收CRC32校验和if (recv(clientSocket, (char*)&block.crc32, sizeof(block.crc32), 0) <= 0) {free(block.data);break;}// 验证CRC32校验和uint32_t calculatedCRC32 = calculateCRC32(block.data, block.size);if (calculatedCRC32 != block.crc32) {printf("块 %lld 的CRC32校验和不匹配\n", block.id);free(block.data);continue;}// 将块添加到接收列表EnterCriticalSection(&blockMutex);if (block.id < totalBlocksExpected) {receivedBlocks[block.id] = block;blockCount++;printf("接收到块 %lld,大小:%d 字节(%d/%d)\n", block.id, block.size, blockCount, totalBlocksExpected);if (blockCount == totalBlocksExpected) {printf("已接收所有块,准备重组文件...\n");reassembleFile("demo.mp4");serverRunning = 0;send(clientSocket, "File received successfully", 27, 0);}} else {printf("收到无效的块ID: %lld\n", block.id);free(block.data);}LeaveCriticalSection(&blockMutex);}cleanup:closesocket(clientSocket);return 0;
}// 服务器线程函数
unsigned __stdcall serverThread(void* arg) {SOCKET serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); // 创建服务器套接字if (serverSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {perror("无法创建套接字");return 1;}struct sockaddr_in serverAddr;serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;serverAddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;if (bind(serverSocket, (struct sockaddr*)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR) {perror("绑定套接字失败");closesocket(serverSocket);return 1;}if (listen(serverSocket, 5) == SOCKET_ERROR) {perror("监听失败");closesocket(serverSocket);return 1;}printf("服务器正在监听端口 %d\n", PORT);while (serverRunning) {struct sockaddr_in clientAddr;int clientAddrLen = sizeof(clientAddr);SOCKET clientSocket = accept(serverSocket, (struct sockaddr*)&clientAddr, &clientAddrLen);if (clientSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {if (serverRunning) {perror("接受连接失败");}continue;}unsigned threadId;HANDLE threadHandle = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, handleClient, &clientSocket, 0, &threadId);if (threadHandle == NULL) {perror("创建线程失败");closesocket(clientSocket);} else {CloseHandle(threadHandle);}}closesocket(serverSocket);return 0;
}// 主函数
int main() {setConsoleCodePage(); // 设置控制台代码页WSADATA wsaData;if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0) {perror("WSAStartup 失败");return 1;}InitializeCriticalSection(&blockMutex); // 初始化临界区unsigned threadId;HANDLE serverThreadHandle = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, serverThread, NULL, 0, &threadId);if (serverThreadHandle == NULL) {perror("创建服务器线程失败");DeleteCriticalSection(&blockMutex);WSACleanup();return 1;}printf("服务器已启动。等待接收文件块...\n");WaitForSingleObject(serverThreadHandle, INFINITE); // 等待服务器线程结束CloseHandle(serverThreadHandle);DeleteCriticalSection(&blockMutex); // 删除临界区if (receivedBlocks) {free(receivedBlocks); // 释放内存}WSACleanup(); // 清理Winsock库printf("程序已完成。按回车键退出...\n");getchar();return 0;
}
效果展示
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