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Quartz是什么
Quartz是OpenSystemphony开源组织在Job scheduling领域哟一个开源项目，他可以域J2EE与J2SE应用程序相结合也可以单独使用。Quartz可以用来创建简单活为运行十个、百个，甚至好几万个Jobs这样复杂的日程序表。Jobs可以做成标准的Java组件或EJBs.
Quartz是一个任务日程管理系统，一个预先确定（被纳入日程）的时间到达时，负责执行（或通知）其他软件组件的系统。
Quartz是一个小java库发布文件（.jar文件），这个库文件包含了所有uartz核心功能。这些功能注解接口（API）是Scheduler接口。他提供了简单的操作，例如：将任务纳入日程或者从日程中取消，开始、停止、暂停日程进度。
核心接口
Scheduler——核心调度器
Job——任务
JobDetai——任务描述
Trigger——触发器
执行过程
Trigger
SimpleTrigger 简单触发
SimpleTrigger用来触发只需执行一次或者在给定时间触发并且重复N次且每次执行延迟一定时间的任务。
如果你想让触发器在2014年1月11日，上午11：23：54秒执行，然后每个隔10秒钟重复执行一次，并且这样重复5次。那么SimpleTrigger 就可以满足你的要求。
CronTrigger 表达式触发
如果你需要像日历那样按日程来触发任务，而不是像SimpleTrigger 那样每隔特定的间隔时间触发，CronTriggers通常比SimpleTrigger更有用。
使用CronTrigger，你可以指定诸如“每个周五中午”，或者“每个工作日的9:30”或者“从每个周一、周三、周五的上午9：00到上午10：00之间每隔五分钟”这样日程安排来触发。甚至，象SimpleTrigger一样，CronTrigger也有一个startTime以指定日程从什么时候开始，也有一个（可选的）endTime以指定何时日程不再继续。
关于时间表达式的编写：在下一篇博客中进行详细的介绍。
可以这样说：凡是SimpleTrigger能完成的任务，CronTrigger表达式都可以完成
官方Demo演示
添加依赖：
<dependency><groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId><artifactId>quartz</artifactId><version>2.2.1</version></dependency>Job类代码：
/* * All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy * of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations * under the License.* */package cn.itcast.quartz.example;import java.util.Date;import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;/*** <p>* This is just a simple job that says "Hello" to the world.* </p>* * @author Bill Kratzer*/
public class HelloJob implements Job {private static Logger _log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloJob.class);/*** <p>* Empty constructor for job initilization* </p>* <p>* Quartz requires a public empty constructor so that the* scheduler can instantiate the class whenever it needs.* </p>*/public HelloJob() {}/*** <p>* Called by the <code>{@link org.quartz.Scheduler}</code> when a* <code>{@link org.quartz.Trigger}</code> fires that is associated with* the <code>Job</code>.* </p>* * @throws JobExecutionException* if there is an exception while executing the job.*/public void execute(JobExecutionContext context)throws JobExecutionException {// Say Hello to the World and display the date/time_log.info("Hello World! - " + new Date());}}
表达式触发器代码：
/* * All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy * of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations * under the License.* */package cn.itcast.quartz.example;import static org.quartz.CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule;
import static org.quartz.DateBuilder.evenMinuteDate;
import static org.quartz.JobBuilder.newJob;
import static org.quartz.TriggerBuilder.newTrigger;import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import java.util.Date;/*** This Example will demonstrate how to start and shutdown the Quartz scheduler and how to schedule* a job to run in Quartz.* * @author Bill Kratzer*/
public class SimpleCronExample {public void run() throws Exception {Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleCronExample.class);log.info("------- Initializing ----------------------");// 定义调度器SchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();Scheduler sched = sf.getScheduler();log.info("------- Initialization Complete -----------");// 获取当前时间的下一分钟Date runTime = evenMinuteDate(new Date());log.info("------- Scheduling Job -------------------");// 定义jobJobDetail job = newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();// 定义触发器，每2秒执行一次Trigger trigger = newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1", "group1").withSchedule(cronSchedule("0 0/1 * * * ?")).build();// 将job注册到调度器sched.scheduleJob(job, trigger);log.info(job.getKey() + " will run at: " + runTime);// 启动调度器sched.start();log.info("------- Started Scheduler -----------------");// 等待1分钟log.info("------- Waiting 60 seconds... -------------");try {Thread.sleep(60L * 1000L);} catch (Exception e) {//}// 关闭调度器log.info("------- Shutting Down ---------------------");sched.shutdown(true);log.info("------- Shutdown Complete -----------------");}public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {SimpleCronExample example = new SimpleCronExample();example.run();}}
简单才触发器代码：
/* * All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy * of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations * under the License.* */package cn.itcast.quartz.example;import static org.quartz.DateBuilder.evenMinuteDate;
import static org.quartz.JobBuilder.newJob;
import static org.quartz.TriggerBuilder.newTrigger;import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import java.util.Date;/*** This Example will demonstrate how to start and shutdown the Quartz scheduler and how to schedule* a job to run in Quartz.* * @author Bill Kratzer*/
public class SimpleExample {public void run() throws Exception {Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleExample.class);log.info("------- Initializing ----------------------");// 定义调度器SchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();Scheduler sched = sf.getScheduler();log.info("------- Initialization Complete -----------");// 获取当前时间的下一分钟Date runTime = evenMinuteDate(new Date());log.info("------- Scheduling Job -------------------");// 定义job// 在quartz中，有组的概念，组+job名称 唯一的JobDetail job = newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();// 定义触发器，在下一分钟启动Trigger trigger = newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1", "group1").startAt(runTime).build();// 将job注册到调度器sched.scheduleJob(job, trigger);log.info(job.getKey() + " will run at: " + runTime);// 启动调度器sched.start();log.info("------- Started Scheduler -----------------");// 等待65秒log.info("------- Waiting 65 seconds... -------------");try {// wait 65 seconds to show jobThread.sleep(65L * 1000L);// executing...} catch (Exception e) {//}// 关闭调度器log.info("------- Shutting Down ---------------------");sched.shutdown(true);log.info("------- Shutdown Complete -----------------");}public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {SimpleExample example = new SimpleExample();example.run();}}
在下一篇博客中详细介绍，表达式触发器中表达式的编写。
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