本文主要是介绍Spring响应式编程之Reactor操作符,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
操作符
- 操作符Processo<T,R>
- (1)创建操作符
- (2)转换操作符
- (3)组合操作符
- (4)条件操作符
- (5)错误处理操作符
操作符Processo<T,R>
操作符并不是响应式流规范的一部分,但为了改进响应式代码的可读性并降低开发成本,Reactor 库中的 API 提供了一组丰富的操作符,这些操作符为响应式流规范提供了最大的附加值。下面介绍一些常用的操作符。
(1)创建操作符
- just:创建一个包含单个元素的Mono或多个元素的Flux;
- empty:创建一个空的Flux或Mono;
- defer:在订阅时动态创建一个新的Flux或Mono;
- fromArray:从数组创建Flux;
- fromIterable:从Iterable对象创建Flux;
- range:创建一个从start到end的整数序列Flux;
- interval:创建一个按时间间隔发布数据的Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;public class CreationExample {public static void main(String[] args) {// 示例 1: 使用 Mono 创建操作符Mono<String> monoJust = Mono.just("Hello, Mono");Mono<String> monoEmpty = Mono.empty();Mono<String> monoDefer = Mono.defer(() -> Mono.just("Deferred Mono"));// 订阅 Mono 并打印结果monoJust.subscribe(System.out::println);monoEmpty.subscribe(System.out::println, Throwable::printStackTrace, () -> System.out.println("Completed"));monoDefer.subscribe(System.out::println);// 示例 2: 使用 Flux 创建操作符Flux<String> fluxJust = Flux.just("A", "B", "C");Flux<String> fluxFromArray = Flux.fromArray(new String[]{"A", "B", "C"});List<String> list = Arrays.asList("A", "B", "C");Flux<String> fluxFromIterable = Flux.fromIterable(list);Flux<String> fluxFromStream = Flux.fromStream(Stream.of("A", "B", "C"));Flux<Integer> fluxRange = Flux.range(1, 5);Flux<Long> fluxInterval = Flux.interval(Duration.ofSeconds(1));Flux<String> fluxDefer = Flux.defer(() -> Flux.just("Deferred Flux"));// 订阅 Flux 并打印结果fluxJust.subscribe(System.out::println);fluxFromArray.subscribe(System.out::println);fluxFromIterable.subscribe(System.out::println);fluxFromStream.subscribe(System.out::println);fluxRange.subscribe(System.out::println);fluxInterval.take(5).subscribe(System.out::println);fluxDefer.subscribe(System.out::println);}
}
(2)转换操作符
-
map:将Mono中的值或Flux中的每个元素转换为另一种类型;
-
flatmap:将Mono中的值或Flux中的每个元素转换为另一个Mono或另一个Publisher,并展平结果;
-
flatMapSequential:类似于flatMap,但保持顺序并并行处理;
-
flatMapMany:将Mono中的值转换为Flux;
-
collectList: 将Flux中的所有元素收集到一个List中,返回Mono<List<T>>;
-
collectMap:将Flux中的元素收集到一个Map中,返回Mono<Map<K,V>>;
-
reduce:聚合Flux中的元素,返回Mono;
-
buffer:将Flux中的元素收集到List中,按指定大小进行分组;
-
window:将Flux中的元素分组到Flux中,每组包含指定数量的元素;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;import java.util.List;public class ConversionExample {public static void main(String[] args) {// 示例 1: 使用 Mono 转换操作符Mono<Integer> mono = Mono.just("123").map(Integer::parseInt).flatMap(i -> Mono.just(i * 2)).doOnNext(System.out::println);mono.subscribe();// 示例 2: 使用 Flux 转换操作符Flux<Integer> flux = Flux.just("1", "2", "3", "4", "5").map(Integer::parseInt).filter(i -> i % 2 == 0).flatMap(i -> Flux.just(i * 2)).concatMap(i -> Flux.just(i + 1)).buffer(2).doOnNext(System.out::println);flux.subscribe();}
}
(3)组合操作符
- zipWith:将两个Mono的值组合成一个新的Mono;
- zip:将多个Flux的元素组合成一个Flux;
- then:在当前Mono或Flux完成后执行另一个Mono或Flux;
- thenReturn:在当前Mono或Flux完成后返回一个指定的值;
- thenMany:在当前Mono完成后返回一个Flux;
- when:等待多个Publisher完成
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;public class CombinationExample {public static void main(String[] args) {// 示例 1: 使用 Mono 组合操作符Mono<String> mono1 = Mono.just("Hello");Mono<String> mono2 = Mono.just("World");Mono<String> combined = mono1.zipWith(mono2, (a, b) -> a + " " + b);combined.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: Hello WorldMono<Void> when = Mono.when(mono1, mono2);when.subscribe(null, Throwable::printStackTrace, () -> System.out.println("Completed")); // 输出: Completed// 示例 2: 使用 Flux 组合操作符Flux<String> flux1 = Flux.just("A", "B", "C");Flux<String> flux2 = Flux.just("1", "2", "3");Flux<String> merged = Flux.merge(flux1, flux2);merged.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: A 1 B 2 C 3Flux<String> concatenated = Flux.concat(flux1, flux2);concatenated.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: A B C 1 2 3Flux<String> zipped = Flux.zip(flux1, flux2, (a, b) -> a + b);zipped.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: A1 B2 C3Flux<String> combinedLatest = Flux.combineLatest(flux1, flux2, (a, b) -> a + b);combinedLatest.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: C3Flux<String> started = flux1.startWith("Start");started.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: Start A B C}
}
(4)条件操作符
- hasElement:判断Mono是否包含元素;
- hasElements:判断Flux是否包含元素;
- hasElementWith:判断Mono是否包含与给定Predicate匹配的元素;
- all:判断Flux中的所有元素是否都满足给定的条件;
- any:判断Flux中是否有任意一个元素满足给定的条件;
- isEmpty:判断Flux是否为空;
- switchIfEmpty:如果Mono或Flux为空,则切换到另一个Mono或Flux;
- defaultIfEmpty:如果Mono或Flux为空,则返回默认值;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;public class ConditionalExample {public static void main(String[] args) {// 示例 1: 使用 Mono 条件操作符Mono<String> mono = Mono.just("Hello");Mono<Boolean> hasElement = mono.hasElement();hasElement.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: trueMono<String> emptyMono = Mono.<String>empty();Mono<String> switchIfEmptyMono = emptyMono.switchIfEmpty(Mono.just("Default"));switchIfEmptyMono.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: DefaultMono<String> defaultIfEmptyMono = emptyMono.defaultIfEmpty("Default");defaultIfEmptyMono.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: Default// 示例 2: 使用 Flux 条件操作符Flux<Integer> flux = Flux.just(1, 2, 3, 4);Mono<Boolean> allMatch = flux.all(i -> i > 0);allMatch.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: trueMono<Boolean> anyMatch = flux.any(i -> i > 3);anyMatch.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: trueMono<Boolean> hasElements = flux.hasElements();hasElements.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: trueMono<Boolean> isEmpty = flux.isEmpty();isEmpty.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: falseFlux<Integer> emptyFlux = Flux.<Integer>empty();Flux<Integer> switchIfEmptyFlux = emptyFlux.switchIfEmpty(Flux.just(10, 20, 30));switchIfEmptyFlux.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: 10 20 30Flux<Integer> defaultIfEmptyFlux = emptyFlux.defaultIfEmpty(999);defaultIfEmptyFlux.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: 999}
}
(5)错误处理操作符
- onErrorResume:当发生错误时,切换到另一个数据流;
- onErrorReturn:当发生错误时,返回一个默认值;
- onErrorMap:将错误映射为另一个错误;
- retry重试操作一定次数;
- retryWhen:当错误发生时,根据提供的Publisher逻辑重试;
- doOnError:当发生错误时执行一些额外的逻辑;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;public class ErrorHandlingExample {public static void main(String[] args) {// 示例 1: 使用 Mono 错误处理操作符Mono<String> mono1 = Mono.error(new RuntimeException("Error")).onErrorResume(e -> Mono.just("Recovered"));mono1.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: RecoveredMono<String> mono2 = Mono.error(new RuntimeException("Error")).onErrorReturn("Default");mono2.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: DefaultMono<String> mono3 = Mono.error(new RuntimeException("Error")).onErrorMap(e -> new IllegalArgumentException("Mapped Error", e));mono3.subscribe(System.out::println, Throwable::printStackTrace); // 输出: Mapped ErrorMono<String> mono4 = Mono.error(new RuntimeException("Error")).retry(3);mono4.subscribe(System.out::println, Throwable::printStackTrace);Mono<String> mono5 = Mono.error(new RuntimeException("Error")).retryWhen(companion -> companion.take(3));mono5.subscribe(System.out::println, Throwable::printStackTrace);Mono<String> mono6 = Mono.error(new RuntimeException("Error")).doOnError(e -> System.out.println("Error occurred: " + e.getMessage()));mono6.subscribe(System.out::println, Throwable::printStackTrace);// 示例 2: 使用 Flux 错误处理操作符Flux<String> flux1 = Flux.just("A", "B").concatWith(Mono.error(new RuntimeException("Error"))).onErrorResume(e -> Flux.just("Recovered"));flux1.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: A B RecoveredFlux<String> flux2 = Flux.just("A", "B").concatWith(Mono.error(new RuntimeException("Error"))).onErrorReturn("Default");flux2.subscribe(System.out::println); // 输出: A B DefaultFlux<String> flux3 = Flux.just("A", "B").concatWith(Mono.error(new RuntimeException("Error"))).onErrorMap(e -> new IllegalArgumentException("Mapped Error", e));flux3.subscribe(System.out::println, Throwable::printStackTrace); // 输出: Mapped ErrorFlux<String> flux4 = Flux.just("A", "B").concatWith(Mono.error(new RuntimeException("Error"))).retry(3);flux4.subscribe(System.out::println, Throwable::printStackTrace);Flux<String> flux5 = Flux.just("A", "B").concatWith(Mono.error(new RuntimeException("Error"))).retryWhen(companion -> companion.take(3));flux5.subscribe(System.out::println, Throwable::printStackTrace);Flux<String> flux6 = Flux.just("A", "B").concatWith(Mono.error(new RuntimeException("Error"))).doOnError(e -> System.out.println("Error occurred: " + e.getMessage()));flux6.subscribe(System.out::println, Throwable::printStackTrace);}
}
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