spring 与JPA/Hibernate的整合示例

本文主要是介绍spring 与JPA/Hibernate的整合示例，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

一、首先通过maven加入spring、jpa和hibernate相关的jar包。如pom.xml:

Java代码    
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
   <groupId> cn.ibeans</groupId>  
   <artifactId>ibeans</artifactId>  
   <packaging>war</packaging>  
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>  
   <name>myweb Maven Webapp</name>  
   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>  
     
   <!-- 定义相关属性 -->  
   <properties>  
     <jdk-version>1.6</jdk-version>  
     <junit-version>4.11</junit-version>  
     <spring-version>3.2.2.RELEASE</spring-version>  
   </properties>  
     
   <!-- 定义依赖包 -->  
   <dependencies>  
     <!-- spring begin-->  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
         <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>  
         <version>${spring-version}</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
         <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>  
         <version>${spring-version}</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
         <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>  
         <version>${spring-version}</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
         <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>  
         <version>${spring-version}</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
         <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>  
         <version>${spring-version}</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>  
         <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>  
         <version>1.3.2.RELEASE</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <!-- spring end -->  
       
       
     <!-- servlet begin -->  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>  
         <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>  
         <version>3.0-alpha-1</version>  
         <scope>provided</scope>  
     </dependency>  
     <!-- servlet end -->  
       
       
     <!-- junit begin -->  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>junit</groupId>  
         <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
         <version>${junit-version}</version>  
         <scope>test</scope>  
     </dependency>  
     <!-- junit end -->  
       
       
     <!-- hibernate begin -->  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>  
         <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>  
         <version>4.2.1.Final</version>  
     </dependency>  
         <dependency>  
         <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>  
         <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>  
         <version>4.2.1.Final</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>org.hibernate.common</groupId>  
         <artifactId>hibernate-commons-annotations</artifactId>  
         <version>4.0.1.Final</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>  
         <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>  
         <version>5.0.0.Final</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <!-- hibernate end -->  
       
       
     <!--logger begin -->  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
         <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>  
         <version>1.7.5</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
         <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>  
         <version>1.7.5</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
         <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>  
         <version>1.7.5</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <!-- logger end -->  
       
       
     <!-- database begin -->  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>mysql</groupId>  
         <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>  
         <version>5.1.25</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <!-- database end -->  
       
       
     <!-- apache commons begin -->  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>  
         <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>  
         <version>20030825.184428</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>commons-pool</groupId>  
         <artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId>  
         <version>20030825.183949</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <dependency>  
         <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>  
         <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>  
         <version>2.1</version>  
     </dependency>  
     <!-- apache commons end -->  
   </dependencies>  
     
   <!-- 配置构建 -->  
   <build>  
     <finalName>ibeans</finalName>  
   </build>  
 </project>  

2、配置applicationContext.xml中的实体管理工厂和事务机制:

Java代码    
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   
     xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"    
     xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"   
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  
     xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"  
     xsi:schemaLocation="  
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd  
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd  
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd  
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd  
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd  
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"  
     default-lazy-init="true">  
   
     <description>Spring公共配置 </description>  
   
     <!-- 使用annotation 自动注册bean, 并保证@Required、@Autowired的属性被注入 -->  
     <context:component-scan base-package="cn.ibeans">  
         <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>  
     </context:component-scan>  
   
     <!-- JPA实体管理工厂的配置 -->  
     <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">   
         <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>  
         <property name="jpaVendorAdapter" ref="hibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>  
         <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.ibeans"/><!--待扫描的实体类包，不再需要persistence.xml了-->  
         <property name="jpaProperties">  
             <props>  
                 <prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>  
                 <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>  
                 <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>  
             </props>  
         </property>  
     </bean>  
       
     <!--指定实现JPA的适配器-->  
     <bean id="hibernateJpaVendorAdapter" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">  
         <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />  
     </bean>  
       
     <!-- Jpa 事务配置 -->  
     <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">  
         <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>  
     </bean>  
       
     <!-- Spring Data Jpa配置 -->  
     <!--  
     <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.ibeans"  transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>  
     -->  
     <!-- 使用annotation定义事务 -->  
     <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true" />  
   
     <!-- JSR303 Validator定义 -->  
     <bean id="validator" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean" />  
       
     <!-- production环境 -->  
     <beans profile="production">  
         <context:property-placeholder ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath*:/db.properties" />    
           
         <!-- 数据源配置, 使用DBCP数据库连接池 -->  
         <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">  
             <!-- Connection Info -->  
             <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}" />  
             <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />  
             <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />  
             <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />  
           
             <!-- Connection Pooling Info -->  
             <property name="maxActive" value="${dbcp.maxActive}" />  
             <property name="maxIdle" value="${dbcp.maxIdle}" />  
             <property name="defaultAutoCommit" value="false" />  
             <!-- 连接Idle一个小时后超时 -->  
             <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="3600000" />  
             <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="3600000" />  
         </bean>  
           
         <!-- 数据源配置,使用应用服务器的数据库连接池 -->  
         <!--<jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="java:comp/env/jdbc/ExampleDB" />-->  
     </beans>  
       
     <!-- local development环境 -->  
     <beans profile="development">  
         <context:property-placeholder ignore-resource-not-found="true"  
             location="classpath*:/db.properties,  
                       classpath*:/db_dev.properties" />    
   
         <!-- DBCP连接池 -->  
         <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">  
             <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}" />  
             <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />  
             <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />  
             <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />  
             <property name="defaultAutoCommit" value="false" />  
         </bean>  
     </beans>  
       
     <!-- unit test环境 -->  
     <beans profile="test">  
         <context:property-placeholder ignore-resource-not-found="true"  
             location="classpath*:/db_test.properties" />   
           
         <!-- Simple连接池 -->  
         <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">  
             <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />  
             <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />  
             <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />  
             <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />  
         </bean>  
   
         <!-- 初始化数据表结构 与默认数据-->  
         <jdbc:initialize-database data-source="dataSource" ignore-failures="ALL">  
             <jdbc:script location="classpath:sql/h2/schema.sql" />  
             <jdbc:script location="classpath:data/import-data.sql" encoding="UTF-8"/>  
         </jdbc:initialize-database>  
     </beans>  
 </beans>  

定义实体类：User.java

Java代码    
 package cn.ibeans.web.model;  
   
 import java.io.Serializable;  
   
 import javax.persistence.Column;  
 import javax.persistence.Entity;  
 import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;  
 import javax.persistence.Id;  
 import javax.persistence.Table;  
   
 import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;  
   
 @Entity  
 @Table(name="i_user")  
 public class User implements Serializable{  
     private String id;  
     private String username;  
     private String password;  
       
     @Id  
     @GeneratedValue(generator="system-uuid")  
     @GenericGenerator(name="system-uuid",strategy="uuid")  
     public String getId() {  
         return id;  
     }  
     public void setId(String id) {  
         this.id = id;  
     }  
       
     @Column(name="username")  
     public String getUsername() {  
         return username;  
     }  
     public void setUsername(String username) {  
         this.username = username;  
     }  
       
     @Column(name="password")  
     public String getPassword() {  
         return password;  
     }  
     public void setPassword(String password) {  
         this.password = password;  
     }  
       
 }  

3、定义dao接口，只需定义接口方法即可，不用加任何注解

Java代码    
 package cn.ibeans.dao;  
   
 import cn.ibeans.web.model.User;  
   
 public interface UserDao {  
   
     User findByName(String name);  
   
     User findByLoginName(String loginName);  
       
     void saveOrUpdate(User user);  
 }  

4、定义dao实现类。用@Repository注解类，并将EntityManager作为成员变量注入，注入方法是加@PersistenceContext

Java代码    
 package cn.ibeans.dao.impl;  
   
 import javax.persistence.EntityManager;  
 import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;  
   
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;  
   
 import cn.ibeans.dao.UserDao;  
 import cn.ibeans.web.model.User;  
   
 @Repository  
 public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {  
       
     @PersistenceContext  
     private EntityManager em;  
   
     @Override  
     public User findByName(String name) {  
         return null;  
     }  
   
     @Override  
     public User findByLoginName(String loginName) {  
         return null;  
     }  
   
     @Override  
     public void saveOrUpdate(User user) {  
         em.persist(user);  
     }  
   
 }  

5、定义service类。可直接写实现类
用@Component或@Service注释类，将dao接口作为成员变量注入，注入方法是加@Autowired
如果是写方法，需在方法上加@Transactional(readOnly=false)注解

Java代码    
 package cn.ibeans.service;  
   
 import javax.annotation.Resource;  
   
 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;  
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;  
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;  
   
 import cn.ibeans.dao.UserDao;  
 import cn.ibeans.web.model.User;  
   
 @Component  
 public class UserService {  
     private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserService.class);  
     @Autowired  
     private UserDao userDao;  
       
     @Transactional(readOnly=false)  
     public void saveUser(User user){  
         userDao.saveOrUpdate(user);  
         logger.debug(user.getUsername()+",保存成功！");  
     }  
 }  

6、定义action
用@Controller注释action类，如果需为该action中所有方法指定一个共用的上层路径名，则需用@RequestMapping(value="/user")注释该类。表示该类下的所有访求均要通过/user/**来访问
将service类作为成员变量注入action。注入方法是加@Autowired
用@RequestMapping(value="/save")注释action的方法。

Java代码    
 package cn.ibeans.web.controller;  
   
 import javax.servlet.ServletContext;  
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  
   
 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;  
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;  
 import org.springframework.ui.Model;  
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;  
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;  
 import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;  
 import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;  
   
 import cn.ibeans.service.UserService;  
 import cn.ibeans.web.model.User;  
   
 @Controller  
 @RequestMapping(value="/user")  
 public class LoginController extends HttpServlet{  
     private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(LoginController.class);  
       
     @Autowired  
     private UserService userService;  
       
   
     //@RequestMapping(value="/login")   //如果类级别上已有映射地址（/user），此处的完整请求地址是/user/login  
     public String doLogin(Model model,Object loginForm){  
         //model.addAttribute("username",username);  //model被用来封装数据，向前台传递  
         WebApplicationContext context = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();  
         ServletContext sc = context.getServletContext();  
           
         return "/welcome";  
     }  
       
     @RequestMapping(value="/login")  
     public String login(@ModelAttribute User user,Model model){  
         log.info(user.getUsername());  
         model.addAttribute(user);  
         return "/welcome";  
     }  
       
     @RequestMapping(value="/save")  
     public String save(@ModelAttribute User user,Model model){  
         log.info(user.getUsername());  
         userService.saveUser(user);  
         model.addAttribute(user);  
         return "/welcome";  
     }  
 }  

7、发起请示的页面
请示的url应该是上下文根路径+action类路径+方法路径

Java代码    
 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>  
  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
  <html>  
  <head>  
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">  
  <title>Insert title here</title>  
  </head>  
  <body>  
      <div>  
          <form action="/ibeans/user/save" methed="post">  
              <input type="text" name="username">  
              <input type="text" name="password">  
              <input type="submit" value="SUBMIT">  
          </form>  
      </div>  
  </body>  
  </html>  

8、转发目的页面
可以通过引用action方法里定义的mode属性来获取相关的数据。
welcome.jsp:

Java代码    
 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"  
     pageEncoding="utf-8"%>  
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
 <html>  
 <head>  
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">  
 <title>Insert title here</title>  
 </head>  
 <body>  
    ${user.username },你好！   
 </body>  
 </html>  