本文主要是介绍FFmpeg源码分析:avcodec_send_frame()和avcodec_receive_packet()音视频编码,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
FFmpeg在libavcodec模块,旧版本提供avcodec_encode_video2()作为视频编码函数,avcodec_encode_audio2()作为音频编码函数。在FFmpeg 3.1版本新增avcodec_send_frame()与avcodec_receive_packet()作为音视频编码函数。后来,在3.4版本把avcodec_encode_video2()和avcodec_encode_audio2()标记为过时API。
在上一篇文章介绍到音视频解码的分析:avcodec_send_packet和avcodec_receive_frame。
目录
一、avcodec_send_frame发送AVFrame
1、avcodec_send_frame
二、avcodec_receive_packet接收AVPacket
1、avcodec_receive_packet
2、encode_receive_packet_internal
3、encode_simple_receive_packet
4、encode_simple_internal
5、X264_frame
三、avcodec_encode_video2视频编码
四、avcodec_encode_audio2音频编码
avcodec_send_frame和avcodec_receive_packet函数定义位于libavcodec/avcodec.h:
/*** Supply a raw video or audio frame to the encoder. Use avcodec_receive_packet()* to retrieve buffered output packets.** @param avctx codec context* @param[in] frame AVFrame containing the raw audio or video frame to be encoded.** For audio:* If AV_CODEC_CAP_VARIABLE_FRAME_SIZE is set, then each frame* can have any number of samples.* @return 0 on success, otherwise negative error code:* AVERROR(EAGAIN): input is not accepted in the current state, try again.* AVERROR_EOF: the encoder has been flushed, and no new frames.* AVERROR(EINVAL): codec not opened, refcounted_frames not set, it is a* decoder, or requires flush* AVERROR(ENOMEM): failed to add packet to internal queue, or similar* other errors: legitimate encoding errors*/
int avcodec_send_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVFrame *frame);/*** Read encoded data from the encoder.** @param avctx codec context* @param avpkt This will be set to a reference-counted packet** @return 0 on success, otherwise negative error code:* AVERROR(EAGAIN): output is not available in the current state, try again.* AVERROR_EOF: the encoder has been fully flushed, and there will be* no more output packets* AVERROR(EINVAL): codec not opened, or it is a decoder* other errors: legitimate encoding errors*/
int avcodec_receive_packet(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt);
由描述可知, avcodec_send_frame()负责给编码器提供未压缩的原始数据,avcodec_receive_packet()则从编码器取出编码后的数据。如果返回0,代表成功;返回AGAIN,代表当前状态没有可输出数据;返回EOF,代表已经到达输入流结尾;返回INVAL,代表编码器没有打开或者打开的是解码器。
音视频编码的函数执行流程图如下:
一、avcodec_send_frame发送AVFrame
1、avcodec_send_frame
avcodec_send_frame()函数位于libavcodec/encode.c,首先判断编码器有没打开、是否为编码器,然后调用internal函数执行具体操作:
int avcodec_send_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVFrame *frame)
{AVCodecInternal *avci = avctx->internal;int ret;// 判断编码器有没打开,是否为编码器if (!avcodec_is_open(avctx) || !av_codec_is_encoder(avctx->codec))return AVERROR(EINVAL);if (avci->draining)return AVERROR_EOF;if (avci->buffer_frame->data[0])return AVERROR(EAGAIN);if (!frame) {avci->draining = 1;} else {ret = encode_send_frame_internal(avctx, frame);if (ret < 0)return ret;}if (!avci->buffer_pkt->data && !avci->buffer_pkt->side_data) {ret = encode_receive_packet_internal(avctx, avci->buffer_pkt);if (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR(EAGAIN) && ret != AVERROR_EOF)return ret;}return 0;
}
encode_send_frame_internal()函数没做多少事情,只是解析音频metadata、检查frame是否有效,真正的赋值操作不在这里。代码如下:
static int encode_send_frame_internal(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVFrame *src)
{AVCodecInternal *avci = avctx->internal;AVFrame *dst = avci->buffer_frame;int ret;if (avctx->codec->type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {// 解析音频metadataAVFrameSideData *sd = av_frame_get_side_data(src, AV_FRAME_DATA_AUDIO_SERVICE_TYPE);if (sd && sd->size >= sizeof(enum AVAudioServiceType))avctx->audio_service_type = *(enum AVAudioServiceType*)sd->data;// 检查frame大小是否有效if (avctx->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_SMALL_LAST_FRAME) {if (src->nb_samples > avctx->frame_size) {return AVERROR(EINVAL);}} else if (!(avctx->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_VARIABLE_FRAME_SIZE)) {if (avctx->internal->last_audio_frame) {return AVERROR(EINVAL);}if (src->nb_samples < avctx->frame_size) {ret = pad_last_frame(avctx, dst, src);if (ret < 0)return ret;avctx->internal->last_audio_frame = 1;} else if (src->nb_samples > avctx->frame_size) {return AVERROR(EINVAL);}}}if (!dst->data[0]) {ret = av_frame_ref(dst, src);if (ret < 0)return ret;}return 0;
}
二、avcodec_receive_packet接收AVPacket
1、avcodec_receive_packet
avcodec_receive_packet()函数也是首先编码器是否打开、是否为编码器,然后调用encode_receive_packet_internal()函数去执行具体操作:
int avcodec_receive_packet(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt)
{AVCodecInternal *avci = avctx->internal;int ret;av_packet_unref(avpkt);// 判断编码器是否打开,是否为编码器if (!avcodec_is_open(avctx) || !av_codec_is_encoder(avctx->codec))return AVERROR(EINVAL);if (avci->buffer_pkt->data || avci->buffer_pkt->side_data) {av_packet_move_ref(avpkt, avci->buffer_pkt);} else {ret = encode_receive_packet_internal(avctx, avpkt);if (ret < 0)return ret;}return 0;
}
2、encode_receive_packet_internal
encode_receive_packet_internal()函数首先检测视频宽高、像素格式,然后判断使用receive_packet还是encode_simple_receive_packet执行编码操作:
static int encode_receive_packet_internal(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt)
{AVCodecInternal *avci = avctx->internal;int ret;if (avci->draining_done)return AVERROR_EOF;// 检查视频宽、高、像素格式if (avctx->codec->type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {if (av_image_check_size2(avctx->width, avctx->height, avctx->max_pixels, AV_PIX_FMT_NONE, 0, avctx))return AVERROR(EINVAL);}// 判断使用receive_packet还是encode_simple_receive_packet编码if (avctx->codec->receive_packet) {ret = avctx->codec->receive_packet(avctx, avpkt);if (ret < 0)av_packet_unref(avpkt);elseav_assert0(!avpkt->data || avpkt->buf);} elseret = encode_simple_receive_packet(avctx, avpkt);if (ret == AVERROR_EOF)avci->draining_done = 1;return ret;
}
3、encode_simple_receive_packet
encode_simple_receive_packet()函数比较简单,主要是调用encode_simple_internal()函数:
static int encode_simple_receive_packet(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt)
{int ret;while (!avpkt->data && !avpkt->side_data) {ret = encode_simple_internal(avctx, avpkt);if (ret < 0)return ret;}return 0;
}
4、encode_simple_internal
encode_simple_internal()函数首先判断frame,如果frame为空则调用ff_encode_get_frame()取出一帧未压缩的数据,然后判断使用ff_thread_video_encode_frame还是avctx->codec->encode2执行真正的编码操作:
static int encode_simple_internal(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt)
{AVCodecInternal *avci = avctx->internal;EncodeSimpleContext *es = &avci->es;AVFrame *frame = es->in_frame;int got_packet;int ret;if (avci->draining_done)return AVERROR_EOF;// 如果frame为空,调用ff_encode_get_frame取一帧数据if (!frame->buf[0] && !avci->draining) {av_frame_unref(frame);ret = ff_encode_get_frame(avctx, frame);if (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR_EOF)return ret;}if (!frame->buf[0]) {if (!(avctx->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_DELAY ||(avci->frame_thread_encoder && avctx->active_thread_type & FF_THREAD_FRAME)))return AVERROR_EOF;frame = NULL;}got_packet = 0;// 判断使用ff_thread_video_encode_frame还是avctx->codec->encode2进行编码if (CONFIG_FRAME_THREAD_ENCODER &&avci->frame_thread_encoder && (avctx->active_thread_type & FF_THREAD_FRAME))ret = ff_thread_video_encode_frame(avctx, avpkt, frame, &got_packet);else {ret = avctx->codec->encode2(avctx, avpkt, frame, &got_packet);if (avctx->codec->type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO && !ret && got_packet &&!(avctx->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_DELAY))avpkt->pts = avpkt->dts = frame->pts;}if (!ret && got_packet) {if (avpkt->data) {ret = av_packet_make_refcounted(avpkt);if (ret < 0)goto end;}if (frame && !(avctx->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_DELAY)) {if (avctx->codec->type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {if (avpkt->pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE)avpkt->pts = frame->pts;if (!avpkt->duration)avpkt->duration = ff_samples_to_time_base(avctx, frame->nb_samples);}}// 如果是音频,flags都设为关键帧if (avctx->codec->type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {avpkt->flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;avpkt->dts = avpkt->pts;}}if (avci->draining && !got_packet)avci->draining_done = 1;end:if (ret < 0 || !got_packet)av_packet_unref(avpkt);if (frame) {if (!ret)avctx->frame_number++;av_frame_unref(frame);}return ret;
}
在上面有提到,avcodec_send_frame()函数没有进行frame的赋值操作,真正执行赋值操作的是ff_encode_get_frame()函数,具体如下:
int ff_encode_get_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVFrame *frame)
{AVCodecInternal *avci = avctx->internal;if (avci->draining)return AVERROR_EOF;if (!avci->buffer_frame->buf[0])return AVERROR(EAGAIN);// avci->buffer_frame赋值给frameav_frame_move_ref(frame, avci->buffer_frame);return 0;
}
5、X264_frame
以libx264编码器为例,位于libavcodec/libx264.c,对应的AVCodec如下:
AVCodec ff_libx264_encoder = {.name = "libx264",.long_name = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("libx264 H.264/AVC /MPEG-4 part10"),.type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO,.id = AV_CODEC_ID_H264,.priv_data_size = sizeof(X264Context),.init = X264_init,.encode2 = X264_frame,.close = X264_close,.capabilities = AV_CODEC_CAP_DELAY | AV_CODEC_CAP_OTHER_THREADS |AV_CODEC_CAP_ENCODER_REORDERED_OPAQUE,.caps_internal = FF_CODEC_CAP_AUTO_THREADS,.priv_class = &x264_class,.defaults = x264_defaults,.pix_fmts = pix_fmts_all,.wrapper_name = "libx264",
};
此时,encode2函数指针指向X264_frame,代码如下:
static int X264_frame(AVCodecContext *ctx, AVPacket *pkt, const AVFrame *frame,int *got_packet)
{X264Context *x4 = ctx->priv_data;x264_nal_t *nal;int nnal, i, ret;x264_picture_t pic_out = {0};int pict_type;int bit_depth;int64_t wallclock = 0;X264Opaque *out_opaque;AVFrameSideData *sd;// 初始化x264编码器相关参数x264_picture_init( &x4->pic );x4->pic.img.i_csp = x4->params.i_csp;
#if X264_BUILD >= 153bit_depth = x4->params.i_bitdepth;
#elsebit_depth = x264_bit_depth;
#endifif (bit_depth > 8)x4->pic.img.i_csp |= X264_CSP_HIGH_DEPTH;x4->pic.img.i_plane = avfmt2_num_planes(ctx->pix_fmt);if (frame) {for (i = 0; i < x4->pic.img.i_plane; i++) {x4->pic.img.plane[i] = frame->data[i];x4->pic.img.i_stride[i] = frame->linesize[i];}x4->pic.i_pts = frame->pts;x4->reordered_opaque[x4->next_reordered_opaque].reordered_opaque = frame->reordered_opaque;x4->reordered_opaque[x4->next_reordered_opaque].wallclock = wallclock;if (ctx->export_side_data & AV_CODEC_EXPORT_DATA_PRFT)x4->reordered_opaque[x4->next_reordered_opaque].wallclock = av_gettime();x4->pic.opaque = &x4->reordered_opaque[x4->next_reordered_opaque];x4->next_reordered_opaque++;x4->next_reordered_opaque %= x4->nb_reordered_opaque;// 给x264的pic.i_type赋值,包括IDR、I、P、B帧类型switch (frame->pict_type) {case AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I:x4->pic.i_type = x4->forced_idr > 0 ? X264_TYPE_IDR: X264_TYPE_KEYFRAME;break;case AV_PICTURE_TYPE_P:x4->pic.i_type = X264_TYPE_P;break;case AV_PICTURE_TYPE_B:x4->pic.i_type = X264_TYPE_B;break;default:x4->pic.i_type = X264_TYPE_AUTO;break;}// 重新配置编码器reconfig_encoder(ctx, frame);......}do {// 调用x264_encoder_encode()执行编码if (x264_encoder_encode(x4->enc, &nal, &nnal, frame? &x4->pic: NULL, &pic_out) < 0)return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;// 对nal单元进行编码ret = encode_nals(ctx, pkt, nal, nnal);if (ret < 0)return ret;} while (!ret && !frame && x264_encoder_delayed_frames(x4->enc));if (!ret)return 0;pkt->pts = pic_out.i_pts;pkt->dts = pic_out.i_dts;out_opaque = pic_out.opaque;if (out_opaque >= x4->reordered_opaque &&out_opaque < &x4->reordered_opaque[x4->nb_reordered_opaque]) {ctx->reordered_opaque = out_opaque->reordered_opaque;wallclock = out_opaque->wallclock;} else {ctx->reordered_opaque = 0;}// 给pict_type赋值,包括I、P、B帧类型switch (pic_out.i_type) {case X264_TYPE_IDR:case X264_TYPE_I:pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I;break;case X264_TYPE_P:pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_P;break;case X264_TYPE_B:case X264_TYPE_BREF:pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_B;break;default:return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;}pkt->flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY*pic_out.b_keyframe;if (ret) {ff_side_data_set_encoder_stats(pkt, (pic_out.i_qpplus1 - 1) * FF_QP2LAMBDA, NULL, 0, pict_type);if (wallclock)ff_side_data_set_prft(pkt, wallclock);}*got_packet = ret;return 0;
}
由此可见,X264_frame()函数主要有6个步骤:
- 初始化x264编码器相关参数;
- 给x264的pic.i_type赋值,包括IDR、I、P、B帧类型;
- 调用reconfig_encoder()重新配置编码器;
- 调用x264_encoder_encode()执行编码;
- 对nal单元进行编码;
- 给输出的pict_type赋值,包括I、P、B帧类型;
三、avcodec_encode_video2视频编码
由于avcodec_encode_video2()函数已经过时,所以内部提供compat_encode()来兼容旧版本,具体代码如下:
int avcodec_encode_video2(AVCodecContext *avctx,AVPacket *avpkt,const AVFrame *frame,int *got_packet_ptr)
{int ret = compat_encode(avctx, avpkt, got_packet_ptr, frame);if (ret < 0)av_packet_unref(avpkt);return ret;
}
我们来看看compat_encode()函数源码,其实内部也是调用avcodec_send_frame()和avcodec_receive_packet()进行编码,具体如下:
static int compat_encode(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt,int *got_packet, const AVFrame *frame)
{AVCodecInternal *avci = avctx->internal;AVPacket user_pkt;int ret;*got_packet = 0;// 检测视频的pixel_format、width、heightif (frame && avctx->codec->type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {if (frame->format == AV_PIX_FMT_NONE)av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "format is not set\n");if (frame->width == 0 || frame->height == 0)av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "width or height is not set\n");}// 调用avcodec_send_frame()发送frameret = avcodec_send_frame(avctx, frame);if (ret == AVERROR_EOF)ret = 0;else if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {return AVERROR_BUG;} else if (ret < 0)return ret;av_packet_move_ref(&user_pkt, avpkt);while (ret >= 0) {// 调用avcodec_receive_packet()接收packetret = avcodec_receive_packet(avctx, avpkt);if (ret < 0) {if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)ret = 0;goto finish;}if (avpkt != avci->compat_encode_packet) {if (avpkt->data && user_pkt.data) {if (user_pkt.size >= avpkt->size) {memcpy(user_pkt.data, avpkt->data, avpkt->size);av_buffer_unref(&avpkt->buf);avpkt->buf = user_pkt.buf;avpkt->data = user_pkt.data;} else {av_packet_unref(avpkt);ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);goto finish;}}*got_packet = 1;avpkt = avci->compat_encode_packet;} else {if (!avci->compat_decode_warned) {avci->compat_decode_warned = 1;av_packet_unref(avpkt);}}if (avci->draining)break;}finish:if (ret < 0)av_packet_unref(&user_pkt);return ret;
}
四、avcodec_encode_audio2音频编码
和avcodec_encode_video2()函数一样,avcodec_encode_audio2()函数已经过时,内部也是提供compat_encode()来兼容旧版本,具体代码如下:
int avcodec_encode_audio2(AVCodecContext *avctx,AVPacket *avpkt,const AVFrame *frame,int *got_packet_ptr)
{int ret = compat_encode(avctx, avpkt, got_packet_ptr, frame);if (ret < 0)av_packet_unref(avpkt);return ret;
}
至此,avcodec_send_frame()和avcodec_receive_packet()组成的编码函数已经分析完毕。
学习FFmpeg与代码实践,可参考:FFmpegAndroid
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