组合和外观模式

本文主要是介绍组合和外观模式，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

组合模式

1.引出组合模式

1.院系展示需求

2.组合模式基本介绍

3.组合模式原理类图

4.解决的问题

2.组合模式解决院系展示

1.类图

2.代码实现

1.AbsOrganizationComponent.java 总体抽象类用于存储信息和定义方法

package com.sun;/*** Description: 总体抽象类，也可以是具体类，也可以是接口* @Author sun* @Create 2024/6/4 19:33* @Version 1.0*/
public abstract class AbsOrganizationComponent {private String name;private String des;public AbsOrganizationComponent(String name, String des) {this.name = name;this.des = des;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getDes() {return des;}public void setDes(String des) {this.des = des;}protected void add(AbsOrganizationComponent absOrganizationComponent) {// 方法默认实现，因为叶子节点不需要重写这些方法throw new UnsupportedOperationException();}protected void remove(AbsOrganizationComponent absOrganizationComponent) {// 方法默认实现，因为叶子节点不需要重写这些方法throw new UnsupportedOperationException();}// 打印方法三个子类都需要实现protected abstract void print();}

2.University.java 第一层，University 可以管理 College

package com.sun;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/*** Description: University 可以管理 College* @Author sun* @Create 2024/6/4 19:39* @Version 1.0*/
public class University extends AbsOrganizationComponent {/*聚合总体的抽象类，目的是可以管理College*/List<AbsOrganizationComponent> organizationComponents = new ArrayList<AbsOrganizationComponent>();public University(String name, String des) {super(name, des);}@Overrideprotected void add(AbsOrganizationComponent absOrganizationComponent) {organizationComponents.add(absOrganizationComponent);}@Overrideprotected void remove(AbsOrganizationComponent absOrganizationComponent) {organizationComponents.remove(absOrganizationComponent);}/*** 重写print方法，打印University和College的名字*/@Overrideprotected void print() {// 首先打印自己的名字System.out.println("--------" + super.getName() + "--------");// 遍历list，打印出来College的名字for (AbsOrganizationComponent organizationComponent : organizationComponents) {organizationComponent.print();}}@Overridepublic void setDes(String des) {super.setDes(des);}@Overridepublic String getDes() {return super.getDes();}@Overridepublic void setName(String name) {super.setName(name);}@Overridepublic String getName() {return super.getName();}
}

3.College.java 第二层，可以管理Department

package com.sun;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/*** Description: College 可以管理 Department* @Author sun* @Create 2024/6/4 19:55* @Version 1.0*/
public class College extends AbsOrganizationComponent {/*聚合总体的抽象类，目的是可以管理Department(专业)*/List<AbsOrganizationComponent> organizationComponents = new ArrayList<AbsOrganizationComponent>();public College(String name, String des) {super(name, des);}@Overrideprotected void add(AbsOrganizationComponent absOrganizationComponent) {organizationComponents.add(absOrganizationComponent);}@Overrideprotected void remove(AbsOrganizationComponent absOrganizationComponent) {organizationComponents.remove(absOrganizationComponent);}/*** 重写print方法，打印College和Department的名字*/@Overrideprotected void print() {// 首先打印自己的名字System.out.println("--------" + super.getName() + "--------");// 遍历list，打印出来College的名字for (AbsOrganizationComponent organizationComponent : organizationComponents) {System.out.println("--------" + organizationComponent.getName() + "--------");}}@Overridepublic void setDes(String des) {super.setDes(des);}@Overridepublic String getDes() {return super.getDes();}@Overridepublic void setName(String name) {super.setName(name);}@Overridepublic String getName() {return super.getName();}
}

4.Department.java 最底层，没有操作节点的方法

package com.sun;/*** Description: Department是最底层的叶子节点，只有打印逻辑，没有add和remove,因为叶子节点不需要管理其他节点了* @Author sun* @Create 2024/6/4 20:03* @Version 1.0*/
public class Department extends AbsOrganizationComponent {public Department(String name, String des) {super(name, des);}protected void print() {// 这里并没有其他的集合，所以就输出自己的名字即可System.out.println("叶子节点：" + getName());}@Overridepublic void setDes(String des) {super.setDes(des);}@Overridepublic String getDes() {return super.getDes();}@Overridepublic void setName(String name) {super.setName(name);}@Overridepublic String getName() {return super.getName();}
}

5.Client.java 从大到小创建对象，从小到大组合树结构

package com.sun;/*** Description:* @Author sun* @Create 2024/6/4 20:09* @Version 1.0*/
public class Client {public static void main(String[] args) {// 从大到小创建对象，从小到大组合成树// 创建学校University university = new University("清华", "niubi");// 创建学院College computer = new College("计算机学院", "培养计算机人才的");College infoEngineer = new College("信息工程学院", "培养信息工程人才的");// 创建专业，并开始组合computer.add(new Department("网络安全", "网安"));computer.add(new Department("软件工程", "软工"));computer.add(new Department("计算机科学与技术", "计科"));infoEngineer.add(new Department("通信工程", "通信工程不好学"));infoEngineer.add(new Department("信息工程", "信息工程不好学"));// 将学院加入到学校中university.add(computer);university.add(infoEngineer);// 打印全部university.print();}
}

6.结果

3.JDK的HashMap使用了组合模式

外观模式

1.引出外观模式

1.影院管理项目

2.传统方式解决

3.传统方案的问题分析以及解决方式

2.外观模式

1.基本介绍

2.原理类图

3.思路分析

4.类图

5.目录结构

6.代码实现

1.device 子系统层

1.DVDPlayer.java

package com.sun.device;/*** Description: 一个播放器* @Author sun* @Create 2024/6/5 19:27* @Version 1.0*/
public class DVDPlayer {// 使用饿汉式的单例模式private static DVDPlayer instance = new DVDPlayer();public static DVDPlayer getInstance() {return instance;}// 一些方法public void on() {System.out.println("DVD on");}public void off() {System.out.println("DVD off");}public void play() {System.out.println("DVD is playing");}
}

2.Popcorn.java

package com.sun.device;/*** Description: 爆米花机* @Author sun* @Create 2024/6/5 19:30* @Version 1.0*/
public class Popcorn {// 使用饿汉式的单例模式private static Popcorn instance = new Popcorn();public static Popcorn getInstance() {return instance;}// 一些方法public void on() {System.out.println("Popcorn on");}public void off() {System.out.println("Popcorn off");}public void pop() {System.out.println("Popcorn is poping");}
}

3.Projector.java

package com.sun.device;/*** Description: 投影仪* @Author sun* @Create 2024/6/5 19:31* @Version 1.0*/
public class Projector {// 使用饿汉式的单例模式private static Projector instance = new Projector();public static Projector getInstance() {return instance;}// 一些方法public void on() {System.out.println("Projector on");}public void off() {System.out.println("Projector off");}public void focus() {System.out.println("Projector is focusing");}
}

4.Screen.java

package com.sun.device;/*** Description: 屏幕* @Author sun* @Create 2024/6/5 19:34* @Version 1.0*/
public class Screen {// 使用饿汉式的单例模式private static Screen instance = new Screen();public static Screen getInstance() {return instance;}// 一些方法public void up() {System.out.println("Screen up");}public void down() {System.out.println("Screen down");}
}

2.appearance 外观层，统一调用子系统

package com.sun.appearance;import com.sun.device.DVDPlayer;
import com.sun.device.Popcorn;
import com.sun.device.Projector;
import com.sun.device.Screen;/*** Description: 未使用外观模式的调用方式* @Author sun* @Create 2024/6/5 19:44* @Version 1.0*/
public class HomeTheaterFacade {// 定义各个子系统的对象private DVDPlayer dvdPlayer;private Popcorn popcorn;private Projector projector;private Screen screen;public HomeTheaterFacade() {this.dvdPlayer = DVDPlayer.getInstance();this.popcorn = Popcorn.getInstance();this.projector = Projector.getInstance();this.screen = Screen.getInstance();}// 操作分为3步// 1、准备阶段public void ready() {dvdPlayer.on();popcorn.on();projector.on();screen.up();}// 2、播放public void play() {dvdPlayer.play();}// 3、关闭public void shutdown() {dvdPlayer.off();popcorn.off();projector.off();screen.down();}}

3.Client.java 客户端，直接调用外观层，不关系子系统的具体调用

package com.sun;import com.sun.appearance.HomeTheaterFacade;/*** Description: Client* @Author sun* @Create 2024/6/5 19:53* @Version 1.0*/
public class Client {public static void main(String[] args) {HomeTheaterFacade homeTheaterFacade = new HomeTheaterFacade();homeTheaterFacade.ready();homeTheaterFacade.play();homeTheaterFacade.shutdown();}
}

4.结果

7.注意事项

3.外观模式在MyBatis框架的应用

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