本文主要是介绍SpringCloud 2020.0.4 系列之 JWT用户鉴权，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
目录
1. 概述
2. 开发 授权鉴权服务接口层 my-auth-api
3. 开发 授权鉴权服务 my-auth-service
4. 在网关层（Gateway工程）添加鉴权过滤器
5. 综述
6. 个人公众号
1. 概述
老话说的好：善待他人就是善待自己，虽然可能有所付出，但也能得到应有的收获。
言归正传，之前我们聊了 Gateway 组件，今天来聊一下如何使用 JWT 技术给用户授权，以及如果在 Gateway 工程使用自定义 filter 验证用户权限。
闲话不多说，直接上代码。
2. 开发 授权鉴权服务接口层 my-auth-api
2.1 主要依赖
<artifactId>my-auth-api</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId></dependency></dependencies>2.2 实体类
/*** 账户实体类*/
@Data
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Account implements java.io.Serializable {// 用户名private String userName;// tokenprivate String token;// 刷新tokenprivate String refreshToken;
}/*** 响应实体类*/
@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class AuthResponse implements java.io.Serializable {// 账户private Account account;// 响应码private Integer code;
}2.3 授权鉴权 Service 接口
/*** 授权鉴权 Service 接口*/
@FeignClient("my-auth-service")
public interface AuthService {/*** 登录接口* @param userName 用户名* @param password 密码* @return*/@PostMapping("/login")AuthResponse login(@RequestParam("userName") String userName,@RequestParam("password") String password);/*** 校验token* @param token token* @param userName 用户名* @return*/@GetMapping("/verify")AuthResponse verify(@RequestParam("token") String token,@RequestParam("userName") String userName);/*** 刷新token* @param refreshToken 刷新token*/@PostMapping("/refresh")AuthResponse refresh(@RequestParam("refreshToken") String refreshToken);
}3. 开发 授权鉴权服务 my-auth-service
3.1 主要依赖
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><!-- redis --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId></dependency><!-- jwt --><dependency><groupId>com.auth0</groupId><artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId><version>3.18.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>cn.zhuifengren</groupId><artifactId>my-auth-api</artifactId><version>${project.version}</version></dependency>3.2 主要配置
server:port: 45000
spring:application:name: my-auth-serviceredis:database: 0host: 192.168.1.22port: 6379password: zhuifengreneureka:client:service-url:defaultZone: http://zhuifengren1:35000/eureka/,http://zhuifengren2:35001/eureka/ # Eureka Server的地址3.3 启动类添加注解
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
3.4 JWT 核心Service方法
/*** 获得 token* @param account 账户实体* @return*/public String token(Account account) {log.info("获取token");Date now = new Date();// 指定算法，KEY是自定义的秘钥Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(KEY);// 生成tokenString token = JWT.create().withIssuer(ISSUER) // 发行人，自定义.withIssuedAt(now).withExpiresAt(new Date(now.getTime() + TOKEN_EXPIRES)) // 设置token过期时间.withClaim("userName", account.getUserName()) // 自定义属性.sign(algorithm);log.info(account.getUserName() + " token 生成成功");return token;}/*** 验证token* @param token* @param userName* @return*/public boolean verify(String token, String userName) {log.info("验证token");try {// 指定算法，KEY是自定义的秘钥Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(KEY);// 验证tokenJWTVerifier verifier = JWT.require(algorithm).withIssuer(ISSUER) // 发行人，自定义.withClaim("userName", userName) // 自定义属性.build();verifier.verify(token);return true;} catch (Exception ex) {log.error("验证失败", ex);return false;}}3.5 授权鉴权业务Service
/*** 授权鉴权 Service*/
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class AuthServiceImpl implements AuthService {@Autowiredprivate JwtService jwtService;@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate redisTemplate;/*** 登录* @param userName 用户名* @param password 密码* @return*/public AuthResponse login(@RequestParam("userName") String userName,@RequestParam("password") String password) {Account account = Account.builder().userName(userName).build();String token = jwtService.token(account);account.setToken(token);account.setRefreshToken(UUID.randomUUID().toString());redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(account.getRefreshToken(), account);return AuthResponse.builder().account(account).code(200) // 200 代表成功.build();}/*** 刷新token* @param refreshToken 刷新token* @return*/public AuthResponse refresh(@RequestParam("refreshToken") String refreshToken) {Account account = (Account)redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(refreshToken);if(account == null) {return AuthResponse.builder().code(-1) // -1 代表用户未找到.build();}String newToken = jwtService.token(account);account.setToken(newToken);account.setRefreshToken(UUID.randomUUID().toString());redisTemplate.delete(refreshToken);redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(account.getRefreshToken(), account);return AuthResponse.builder().account(account).code(200) // 200 代表成功.build();}/*** 验证token* @param token token* @param userName 用户名* @return*/public AuthResponse verify(@RequestParam("token") String token,@RequestParam("userName") String userName) {log.info("verify start");boolean isSuccess = jwtService.verify(token, userName);log.info("verify result：" + isSuccess);return AuthResponse.builder().code(isSuccess ? 200 : -2) // -2 代表验证不通过.build();}
}4. 在网关层（Gateway工程）添加鉴权过滤器
4.1 增加依赖
<dependency><groupId>cn.zhuifengren</groupId><artifactId>my-auth-api</artifactId><version>${project.version}</version><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId><artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId></dependency>4.2 启动类增加注解
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients(clients = AuthService.class)
4.3 鉴权过滤器
@Slf4j
@Component
public class AuthFilter implements GatewayFilter, Ordered {private static final String AUTH = "Authorization";private static final String USER_NAME = "userName";@Autowiredprivate AuthService authService;@Overridepublic Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {log.info("开始验证");// 从 header 中得到 token 和 用户名ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders();String token = headers.getFirst(AUTH);String userName= headers.getFirst(USER_NAME);ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();if(StringUtils.isBlank(token)) {log.error("token没有找到");response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);return response.setComplete();}// 验证用户名log.info("执行验证方法");AuthResponse resp = authService.verify(token, userName); log.info("执行验证方法完毕");if(resp == null || resp.getCode() != 200) {log.error("无效的token");response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN);return response.setComplete();}return chain.filter(exchange);}@Overridepublic int getOrder() {return 0;}
}4.4 在路由规则中配置鉴权过滤器
这里我们随便找一个接口实验
@Configuration
public class GatewayConfig {@Bean@Orderpublic RouteLocator myRoutes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder, AuthFilter authFilter) {return builder.routes().route(r -> r.path("/business/**").and().method(HttpMethod.GET).filters(f -> f.stripPrefix(1).filter(authFilter)).uri("lb://MY-EUREKA-CLIENT")).build();}
}4.5 block()/blockFirst()/blockLast() are blocking, which is not supported in thread reactor-http-nio-3 错误解决
此时，启动 Gateway 工程，调用实验接口：
GET http://Gateway IP:端口/business/eurekaClient/hello
此时 Gateway 工程会报如下错误：
java.lang.IllegalStateException: block()/blockFirst()/blockLast() are blocking, which is not supported in thread reactor-http-nio-3at reactor.core.publisher.BlockingSingleSubscriber.blockingGet(BlockingSingleSubscriber.java:83) ~[reactor-core-3.4.11.jar:3.4.11]Suppressed: reactor.core.publisher.FluxOnAssembly$OnAssemblyException:
Error has been observed at the following site(s):*__checkpoint ⇢ org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.WeightCalculatorWebFilter [DefaultWebFilterChain]*__checkpoint ⇢ org.springframework.boot.actuate.metrics.web.reactive.server.MetricsWebFilter [DefaultWebFilterChain]*__checkpoint ⇢ HTTP GET "/business/eurekaClient/hello" [ExceptionHandlingWebHandler]这是因为在自定义过滤器 AuthFilter 的 filter 方法中，不能同步的调用 Feign 接口，需要异步去调。
我们修改 AuthFilter 中的代码
将 AuthResponse resp = authService.verify(token, userName); 这行代码改为如下代码：
CompletableFuture<AuthResponse> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()-> {return authService.verify(token, userName);});AuthResponse resp = null;try {resp = completableFuture.get();} catch (Exception ex) {log.error("调用验证接口错误", ex);}4.6 feign.codec.DecodeException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConverters' available 错误解决
我们重启 Gateway 服务，再次调用实验接口：
GET http://Gateway IP:端口/business/eurekaClient/hello
此时 Feign 接口调通了，但 Gateway 工程报了如下错误：
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConverters' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1790) ~[spring-beans-5.3.12.jar:5.3.12]at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1346) ~[spring-beans-5.3.12.jar:5.3.12]at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory$DependencyObjectProvider.getObject(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1979) ~[spring-beans-5.3.12.jar:5.3.12]似乎是 HttpMessageConverters 这个 Bean 没有找到，经查阅资料，我们在启动类中添加如下代码
@Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBeanpublic HttpMessageConverters messageConverters(ObjectProvider<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {return new HttpMessageConverters(converters.orderedStream().collect(Collectors.toList()));}4.7 实验授权鉴权
1）再次重启 Gateway 工程
2）调用登录接口获取 token
POST http://Gateway IP:端口/my-auth-service/login?userName=zhangsan&password=12345
3）调用业务接口，将 token 和用户名放到 header 中，可以正常访问接口
5. 综述
今天聊了一下 JWT用户鉴权，希望可以对大家的工作有所帮助。
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6. 个人公众号
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