本文主要是介绍apache cxf 基于jax-rs规范实现的webservice(RESTFUL),希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
一.restful
基于jax-rs规范发布服务使用restful风格的webservice,请求使用的是http协议,可以传递xml/json数据。
REST(英文:Representational State Transfer,简称REST)描述了一个架构样式的网络系统,比如 web 应用程序。它首次出现在 2000 年 Roy Fielding 的博士论文中,他是 HTTP 规范的主要编写者之一。在目前主流的三种Web服务交互方案中,REST相比于SOAP(Simple Object Access protocol,简单对象访问协议)以及XML-RPC更加简单明了,无论是对URL的处理还是对Payload的编码,REST都倾向于用更加简单轻量的方法设计和实现。值得注意的是REST并没有一个明确的标准,而更像是一种设计的风格。
1.restful与非restful
在Restful之前的操作:
http://127.0.0.1/user/query/1 GET 根据用户id查询用户数据
http://127.0.0.1/user/save POST 新增用户
http://127.0.0.1/user/update POST 修改用户信息
http://127.0.0.1/user/delete GET/POST 删除用户信息
RESTful用法:
http://127.0.0.1/user/1 GET 根据用户id查询用户数据
http://127.0.0.1/user POST 新增用户
http://127.0.0.1/user PUT 修改用户信息
http://127.0.0.1/user DELETE 删除用户信息
之前的操作是没有问题的,大神认为是有问题的,有什么问题呢?你每次请求的接口或者地址,都在做描述,例如查询的时候用了query,新增的时候用了save,其实完全没有这个必要,我使用了get请求,就是查询.使用post请求,就是新增的请求,我的意图很明显,完全没有必要做描述,这就是为什么有了restful.
2.状态转化
访问一个网站,就代表了客户端和服务器的一个互动过程。在这个过程中,势必涉及到数据和状态的变化。互联网通信协议HTTP协议,是一个无状态协议。这意味着,所有的状态都保存在服务器端。因此,如果客户端想要操作服务器,必须通过某种手段,让服务器端发生"状态转化"(StateTransfer)。而这种转化是建立在表现层之上的,所以就是"表现层状态转化"。客户端用到的手段,只能是HTTP协议。具体来说,就是HTTP协议里面,四个表示操作方式的动词:GET、POST、PUT、DELETE。它们分别对应四种基本操作:
GET用来获取资源,
POST用来新建资源,
PUT用来更新资源,
DELETE用来删除资源。
访问服务器资源,通过不同的http请求方式,服务器就知道对CRUD的哪个操作!
JAX-RS 发布服务就是使用RESTFUL风格。
二.apache cxf 基于jax-rs规范实现的webservice-服务端
基于jax-rs规范发布服务使用restful风格的webservice,请求使用的是http协议,可以传递xml/json数据。
新建项目:jars-ws-server
1.新建pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>web-service-demo</artifactId><groupId>com.meboth.bonc.ljf</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws</groupId><artifactId>jars-ws-server</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><name>jars-ws-server</name><!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --><url>http://www.example.com</url><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.11</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><!-- jaxrs 支持包 --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId><artifactId>cxf-rt-frontend-jaxrs</artifactId><version>3.0.1</version></dependency><!-- 内置的jetty服务器 --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId><artifactId>cxf-rt-transports-http-jetty</artifactId><version>3.0.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.slf4j</groupId><artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId><version>1.7.12</version></dependency><!-- 客户端调用时候使用的包(WebClient工具类调用服务端) --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId><artifactId>cxf-rt-rs-client</artifactId><version>3.0.1</version></dependency><!-- 基于restful风格的webservice,客户端与服务端之间可以传递json,这个就是json支持相关包 --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId><artifactId>cxf-rt-rs-extension-providers</artifactId><version>3.0.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.codehaus.jettison</groupId><artifactId>jettison</artifactId><version>1.3.7</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.10</version><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.2</version><configuration><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target><encoding>UTF-8</encoding><showWarnings>true</showWarnings></configuration></plugin></plugins></pluginManagement></build>
</project>
2.定义实体类
package com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.model;import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;@XmlRootElement(name = "myBike")
public class Bike {private int id;private String carName;private float price;public Bike() {}public Bike(int id, String carName, float price) {this.id = id;this.carName = carName;this.price = price;}public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getCarName() {return carName;}public void setCarName(String carName) {this.carName = carName;}public float getPrice() {return price;}public void setPrice(float price) {this.price = price;}
}package com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.model;import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@XmlRootElement(name = "myPeople")
public class People {private int id;private String userName;private List<Bike> bikeList=new ArrayList<Bike>();public People() {}public People(int id, String userName, List<Bike> bikeList) {this.id = id;this.userName = userName;this.bikeList = bikeList;}public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getUserName() {return userName;}public void setUserName(String userName) {this.userName = userName;}public List<Bike> getBikeList() {return bikeList;}public void setBikeList(List<Bike> bikeList) {this.bikeList = bikeList;}
}
3.定义实现类
package com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.service;import com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.model.People;import javax.ws.rs.*;
import java.util.List;@Path("/tjService") // 路径;访问当前服务接口时候的路径。
@Produces("*/*")
public interface TianJingService {@POST@Path("/tjUser") // 路径; 访问当前服务接口的方法路径// @Consumes 服务端支持的请求的数据格式(xml、json)@Consumes({ "application/xml", "application/json" })public void saveUser(People user);@PUT@Path("/tjUser")@Consumes({ "application/xml", "application/json" })public void updateUser(People user);@GET@Path("/tjUser")// @Produces 服务端支持的响应的数据格式@Produces({ "application/xml", "application/json" })public List<People> findAllUsers();@GET@Path("/tjUser/{id}")@Consumes("application/xml")@Produces({ "application/xml", "application/json" })public People finUserById(@PathParam("id") Integer id);@DELETE@Path("/tjUser/{id}")@Consumes({"application/xml", "application/json"})public void deleteUser(@PathParam("id") Integer id);
}package com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.service;import com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.model.Bike;
import com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.model.People;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class TianJingServiceImpl implements TianJingService {public void saveUser(People user) {System.out.println("save user:" + user.getUserName());}public void updateUser(People user) {System.out.println("update user:" + user);}public List<People> findAllUsers() {List<People> users = new ArrayList<People>();// 汽车List<Bike> carList1 = new ArrayList<Bike>();Bike car1 = new Bike(101,"保时捷",1000000f);Bike car2 = new Bike(102,"林肯",400000f);carList1.add(car1);carList1.add(car2);// 用户People user1 = new People(1,"小明",carList1);People user2 = new People(2,"小丽",carList1);// 用户集合users.add(user1);users.add(user2);return users;}public People finUserById(Integer id) {if (id == 1) {Bike bike= new Bike(101,"保时捷",1000000f);List<Bike> bList= new ArrayList<Bike>();bList.add(bike);return new People(1,"小明",bList);}return null;}public void deleteUser(Integer id) {System.out.println("delete user id :" + id);}
}
使用的注解:
@XmlRootElement
指定根元素,
作用:客户端与服务端传递对象数据时候,序列化为xml或json的根元素的名称
@Path("/userService")
路径;访问当前服务接口时候的路径、接口方法的路径。
@POST insert操作
@PUT update操作
@GET select 查询操作
@DELETE delete删除操作
@Consumes 服务端支持的请求的数据格式(xml、json)
@Produces 服务端支持的响应的数据格式
4.资源配置类:
log4j.rootLogger=INFO,console,FILE
log4j.appender.console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.threshold=INFO
log4j.appender.console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}[%5p]-%c(%L)-%m%n
log4j.appender.FILE=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.FILE.Append=true
log4j.appender.FILE.File=./web-service.log
log4j.appender.FILE.Threshold=INFO
log4j.appender.FILE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.FILE.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-ddHH:mm:ss}[%5p]-%c(%L)-%m%n
log4j.appender.FILE.MaxFileSize=30MB
5.启动类
package com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws;import com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.service.TianJingServiceImpl;
import org.apache.cxf.interceptor.LoggingInInterceptor;
import org.apache.cxf.interceptor.LoggingOutInterceptor;
import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.JAXRSServerFactoryBean;/*** Hello world!**/
public class JaxRsServer
{/*** 发布restful风格的webservice的服务*/public static void main( String[] args ) {//1.创建服务工厂JAXRSServerFactoryBean factory = new JAXRSServerFactoryBean();//2.设置服务地址、factory.setAddress("http://localhost:8001/rs");//3.实例化服务类、factory.setServiceBean(new TianJingServiceImpl());// 添加日志拦截器factory.getInInterceptors().add(new LoggingInInterceptor());factory.getOutInterceptors().add(new LoggingOutInterceptor());//4.创建服务factory.create();System.out.println("发布服务成功.......端口:8001");}
}
6.启动服务
三.apache cxf 基于jax-rs规范实现的webservice-客户端
新建项目:jars-ws-client
1.pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>web-service-demo</artifactId><groupId>com.meboth.bonc.ljf</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.client</groupId><artifactId>jars-ws-client</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><name>jars-ws-client</name><!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --><url>http://www.example.com</url><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target></properties><dependencies><!-- jaxrs 支持包 --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId><artifactId>cxf-rt-frontend-jaxrs</artifactId><version>3.0.1</version></dependency><!-- 内置的jetty服务器 --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId><artifactId>cxf-rt-transports-http-jetty</artifactId><version>3.0.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.slf4j</groupId><artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId><version>1.7.12</version></dependency><!-- 客户端调用时候使用的包(WebClient工具类调用服务端) --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId><artifactId>cxf-rt-rs-client</artifactId><version>3.0.1</version></dependency><!-- 基于restful风格的webservice,客户端与服务端之间可以传递json,这个就是json支持相关包 --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId><artifactId>cxf-rt-rs-extension-providers</artifactId><version>3.0.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.codehaus.jettison</groupId><artifactId>jettison</artifactId><version>1.3.7</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.10</version><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --><plugins><!-- maven的jdk编译插件 --><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.2</version><configuration><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target><encoding>UTF-8</encoding><showWarnings>true</showWarnings></configuration></plugin></plugins></pluginManagement></build>
</project>
2.实体类:
package com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.client.model;import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;@XmlRootElement(name = "myBike")
public class Bike {private int id;private String carName;private float price;public Bike() {}public Bike(int id, String carName, float price) {this.id = id;this.carName = carName;this.price = price;}public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getCarName() {return carName;}public void setCarName(String carName) {this.carName = carName;}public float getPrice() {return price;}public void setPrice(float price) {this.price = price;}
}package com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.client.model;import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;@XmlRootElement(name = "myPeople")
public class People {private int id;private String userName;private List<Bike> bikeList=new ArrayList<Bike>();public People() {}public People(int id, String userName, List<Bike> bikeList) {this.id = id;this.userName = userName;this.bikeList = bikeList;}public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getUserName() {return userName;}public void setUserName(String userName) {this.userName = userName;}public List<Bike> getBikeList() {return bikeList;}public void setBikeList(List<Bike> bikeList) {this.bikeList = bikeList;}
}
3.启动类:
package com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.client;import com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.client.model.Bike;
import com.meboth.bonc.ljf.jars.ws.client.model.People;
import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.client.WebClient;import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;public class JarWsClient {/*** .create() 指定服务端地址.type() 指定请求数据格式(xml、json).accept() 指定响应数据格式.post()/put()/delete()/get() 指定请求类型*/public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{//save();//update();//findOne();findAll();}/*** 添加* @throws Exception*/public static void save() throws Exception {// 基于restful风格的webservice开发的客户端调用,直接通过一个类:WebClient类完成Bike bike= new Bike(101,"haval h6",1000000f);List<Bike> bList= new ArrayList<Bike>();bList.add(bike);bList.add(new Bike(101,"linken",3000000f));WebClient.create("http://localhost:8001/rs/tjService/tjUser") // 地址.type(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) // 请求数据格式是json.post(new People(100,"Kobe",bList)); // 发送请求的类型}/*** 修改* @throws Exception*/public static void update() throws Exception {WebClient.create("http://localhost:8001/rs/tjService/tjUser") // 地址.type(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) // 请求数据格式是json.put(new People(100,"Kobe",null)); // 发送请求的类型}/*** 通过id查找* @throws Exception*/public static void findOne() throws Exception {People user =WebClient.create("http://localhost:8001/rs/tjService/tjUser/1") // 地址.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) // 响应的数据格式.get(People.class);System.out.println(user);}/*** 查询全部* @throws Exception*/public static void findAll() throws Exception {Collection<? extends People> list=WebClient.create("http://localhost:8001/rs/tjService/tjUser/").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).getCollection(People.class);for(People p:list){System.out.println("p:"+p);}}
}
4.log4j日志:
log4j.rootLogger=INFO,console,FILE
log4j.appender.console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.threshold=INFO
log4j.appender.console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}[%5p]-%c(%L)-%m%n
log4j.appender.FILE=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.FILE.Append=true
log4j.appender.FILE.File=./web-service.log
log4j.appender.FILE.Threshold=INFO
log4j.appender.FILE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.FILE.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-ddHH:mm:ss}[%5p]-%c(%L)-%m%n
log4j.appender.FILE.MaxFileSize=30MB
5.调试访问:
执行findAll()方法
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{//save();//update();//findOne();findAll();
}
客户端:
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