用HAL库改写江科大的stm32入门例子-6-2 定时器外部时钟

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 实验目的：

熟悉外部时钟的应用。

实验步骤：

1. 创建项目
2. 参照前面的文章，集成oled(没有oled,用uart串口传递也可以)
3. 选择外部时钟源
4. 时钟源参数设置
5. 编写代码：

  5.1声明全局变量，如果发生定时器中断的时候，在回调函数中修改这个变量

 5.2while循环中获取定时器的值，通过串口传给pc 或者在oled上显示

开启定时中断：

代码部分：

首先定义一个全局变量：

开启定时器： 

取得计数器的值，显示数据： 

写定时中断代码：

完整代码如下：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "i2c.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "OLED.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV */// declare new variable, when timer interrupt fires, this variable will be incrementeduint32_t counter = 0;
/* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */// timer interrupt callback function
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{// is it timer2?counter++;}/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_I2C1_Init();MX_TIM2_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */OLED_Init();		OLED_ShowChar(1, 1, 'A');				// clear timer2 flag__HAL_TIM_CLEAR_FLAG(&htim2, TIM_FLAG_UPDATE);//enable timer interruptHAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim2);/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){// read the counter value, and display it on the OLED// user _HAL  get counter Valueuint32_t currentCount=__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim2);OLED_ShowNum(2, 3, currentCount,10);OLED_ShowNum(4, 5, counter,10);HAL_Delay(200); // delay 1 secondOLED_Clear();/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

ps:外部时钟示意图：

补充说明：

  timer2的clock选择项，取默认即可，它们的意思是什么？

初始值的矫正：

由于内部影子寄存器启动时中断的影响，系统启动后，没有外部中断信号，开始值是有1，这里做个小修正，启动定时器前，清除一下标志位：

  __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_FLAG(&htim2, TIM_FLAG_UPDATE);

正点原子精英板上的应用：

正点原子精英板上，PA0引脚上是按键，可以当成外部时钟信号，即按一次相当于一个脉冲信息进入，显示上，通过串口发送到pc端串口助手即可。

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